December is a month rich in gemstone symbolism, boasting four officially recognized birthstones: Blue Topaz, Tanzanite, Blue Zircon, and Turquoise. Among the many ways these stones are celebrated, the December birthstone cross necklace stands out as a meaningful and elegant form of jewelry. This piece not only serves as a personal adornment but also embodies centuries of cultural, spiritual, and symbolic significance. In this article, we explore the history, gemological properties, and modern interpretations of the December birthstone cross necklace, drawing from a variety of sources that highlight its enduring appeal.
Introduction
The December birthstone cross necklace is more than just a piece of jewelry; it is a symbol of personal identity, faith, and heritage. Whether crafted with blue topaz, tanzanite, blue zircon, or turquoise, each variant of the December birthstone brings its own unique charm and symbolism. These gemstones have been treasured across cultures and centuries, often associated with protection, communication, clarity, and spiritual connection. The cross design, on the other hand, is steeped in religious and cultural significance, particularly in Christian traditions, and has been used for centuries to signify faith, sacrifice, and devotion.
In this article, we will delve into the historical and cultural meanings of the December birthstones, explore the gemological properties of each, and examine the modern designs and materials used in crafting the December birthstone cross necklace. We will also consider the symbolic value of the cross in relation to the gemstone, and how this combination has evolved into a meaningful jewelry tradition for those born in December.
History and Lore of the December Birthstones
The December birthstones each have rich historical backgrounds and cultural associations that predate their use in modern jewelry.
Turquoise: The Stone of Protection and Communication
Among the four December birthstones, turquoise is one of the oldest and most culturally significant. It has been mined and used for thousands of years, particularly in Iran, where it was already being extracted over a millennium ago. The term “turquoise” comes from the French pierre turquoise, meaning “Turkish stone,” a reference to the trade routes through which it traveled into Europe.
In Native American cultures, especially among the Apache, Pueblo, and Hopi tribes, turquoise was considered a sacred stone. The Apache believed that one could find turquoise at the end of a rainbow, and that it could improve the accuracy of a hunter’s aim when attached to a bow or weapon. The Pueblo people saw the stone as a direct connection to the sky, believing it got its blue-green color from the heavens. The Hopi people attributed the creation of turquoise to lizards scurrying across the earth.
Turquoise also appears in the jewelry of European royalty. Wallis Simpson, the Duchess of Windsor (former wife of King Edward VIII), was famously photographed wearing a turquoise and amethyst necklace designed by Cartier. In Tibet, turquoise is considered a national treasure, believed to bring health, good fortune, and protection from evil. It is also the gemstone of the 11th wedding anniversary, symbolizing enduring love and commitment.
Blue Topaz: A Stone of Clarity and Strength
Blue topaz, another of the December birthstones, is a relatively modern gem in the birthstone tradition. Naturally occurring blue topaz is rare, and most of the blue topaz used in jewelry is treated to achieve its vibrant blue color. The gem has been associated with strength, clarity, and emotional balance. In some cultures, it was believed that topaz could render the wearer invisible to evil and grant protection against sudden death.
Tanzanite: A Modern Discovery
Tanzanite is the newest of the December birthstones, discovered in Tanzania in 1967. It was named after its country of origin and quickly became popular due to its vivid purple-blue color and strong trichroism (displaying three different colors depending on the angle of light). Tanzanite is often associated with healing, transformation, and spiritual awakening. It is also the gemstone of the 21st wedding anniversary.
Blue Zircon: An Ancient Stone with a Modern Shine
Blue zircon, sometimes referred to simply as zircon, has a long history in gemology. Natural blue zircon is rare, and many blue zircons are heat-treated to achieve their color. The stone was once confused with cubic zirconia, a synthetic diamond simulant, but the two are distinct. Blue zircon is known for its brilliance and fire, and is often used as a diamond alternative in jewelry. It is believed to bring wisdom, vitality, and protection to the wearer.
Geological Formation and Sources
Each of the December birthstones is formed under unique geological conditions and is found in specific locations around the world.
Turquoise
Turquoise is a hydrated phosphate of aluminum and copper, with the chemical formula Al₂(OH)₃PO₄·nH₂O. It forms in the oxidized zones of copper deposits, often in arid regions where water percolates through the rock and facilitates chemical reactions. The stone is known for its vibrant blue-green color, which varies depending on the concentration of copper (responsible for blue tones) and iron (responsible for green tones).
The most historically significant source of turquoise is Iran, where it has been mined for over 1,000 years. The turquoise from Iran is known for its deep blue color and is often referred to as “Persian blue”, “robin’s egg blue”, or “sky blue”. Other notable sources include the United States (particularly Arizona and New Mexico), Egypt, China, and Australia.
Blue Topaz
Topaz is a silicate mineral with the chemical formula Al₂SiO₄(F,OH)₂. It is found in igneous rocks and alluvial deposits. Blue topaz is typically a pale to medium blue color, though it can also be found in other hues like yellow, pink, and brown. The blue color is often enhanced through heat treatment and irradiation. Natural blue topaz is extremely rare, so most blue topaz on the market is treated.
Brazil is the primary source of topaz, particularly in the state of Minas Gerais. Other sources include Myanmar, Russia, and USA (California and Colorado).
Tanzanite
Tanzanite is a variety of columbite-zircon and has the chemical formula CaAl₂(SiO₄)O₂·(OH,F)₂. It is a relatively new gemstone, discovered in Tanzania in 1967 in the Merelani Hills near Arusha. Tanzanite is only found in this region, making it one of the rarest gemstones in the world.
The stone is known for its trichroism, displaying shades of violet, blue, and red depending on the angle of light. Tanzanite is typically heat-treated to enhance its color and clarity, and it is often associated with healing, transformation, and spiritual awakening.
Blue Zircon
Zircon is a zirconium silicate with the chemical formula ZrSiO₄. It is found in a variety of colors, including brown, yellow, green, and red, but the blue variety is among the most popular in jewelry. Blue zircon is created through heat treatment, which alters the crystal structure and produces a vibrant blue color.
Natural blue zircon is rare, so most blue zircons available in the market are heat-treated. The stone is found in various parts of the world, including Australia, India, Sri Lanka, Thailand, and Brazil.
The December Birthstone Cross Necklace: Design and Materials
The December birthstone cross necklace is a beautiful and meaningful piece of jewelry that combines the symbolism of the cross with the unique properties of the December birthstones. These necklaces are available in a variety of designs, materials, and styles, allowing wearers to choose a piece that reflects their personal taste and spiritual identity.
Materials and Craftsmanship
The cross necklace portion of the December birthstone necklace is typically made of sterling silver, gold vermeil, or stainless steel. Sterling silver is a popular choice due to its durability, affordability, and timeless appeal. Gold vermeil, which is 18k gold plated over sterling silver, offers a more luxurious appearance without the high cost of solid gold. Stainless steel is another option, known for its sturdiness and resistance to tarnish, making it ideal for everyday wear.
The December birthstone is usually set into the cross using inlay, prong setting, or bezel setting, depending on the design. Some necklaces feature a single birthstone, while others include multiple December birthstones or other gemstones for a more personalized look.
Customization and Personalization
Many December birthstone cross necklaces offer personalization options, allowing wearers to add engravings, additional birthstones, or custom designs. For example, some necklaces allow the wearer to include up to 12 names and birthstones, with a heart-shaped center birthstone for a more meaningful and unique piece.
These personalized necklaces are often crafted in .925 sterling silver or 18k gold plated over sterling silver, and they come with a rolo chain in various lengths. Custom pieces may take 2-3 weeks to produce, but they are often worth the wait for their personal and sentimental value.
Modern and Vintage Designs
The December birthstone cross necklace is available in both modern and vintage styles. Modern designs often feature minimalist, sleek, and contemporary aesthetics, while vintage designs draw inspiration from antique and heirloom pieces, with ornate details, filigree, and intricate engravings.
Some December birthstone cross necklaces are crafted from pre-loved or vintage jewelry, giving them a one-of-a-kind character and historical charm. These pieces are carefully selected and restored to ensure they meet high quality standards.
Symbolism and Metaphysical Beliefs
The combination of the cross and the December birthstone carries deep symbolic and spiritual meaning. The cross is one of the most powerful and widely recognized symbols in the world, representing faith, sacrifice, and redemption in Christian tradition. When paired with a birthstone, the cross necklace becomes not only a religious symbol but also a personal talisman, imbued with the energies and properties of the gemstone.
Turquoise: Protection and Communication
As a December birthstone, turquoise is often associated with protection, communication, and emotional balance. It is believed to calm the mind, enhance clarity, and promote peaceful communication, making it a valuable stone for those who seek harmony and understanding. In many cultures, turquoise is also considered a stone of good fortune and protection, especially in times of danger or uncertainty.
Blue Topaz: Strength and Clarity
Blue topaz is believed to enhance strength, clarity, and emotional stability. It is often used in spiritual and healing practices to help individuals overcome obstacles and find inner peace. Some metaphysical traditions suggest that blue topaz can protect the wearer from negative influences and help them stay focused and grounded.
Tanzanite: Transformation and Healing
Tanzanite is associated with transformation, healing, and spiritual awakening. It is believed to open the heart and mind to new possibilities, helping individuals release old patterns and embrace change. Tanzanite is also used in energy healing and meditation, where it is thought to balance the chakras and promote emotional healing.
Blue Zircon: Wisdom and Vitality
Blue zircon is known for its brilliance and fire, and it is often used as a stone of wisdom, vitality, and protection. In some traditions, blue zircon is believed to enhance intuition and psychic abilities, helping individuals connect with their inner guidance. It is also considered a stone of strength and resilience, providing emotional support and protection during challenging times.
Care and Maintenance
Proper care is essential to preserving the beauty and longevity of a December birthstone cross necklace. Each gemstone has its own unique requirements for cleaning and storage, and understanding these can help ensure that the necklace remains in excellent condition for years to come.
General Care Tips
- Remove the necklace before showering, swimming, or exercising, as exposure to water, sweat, and chemicals can damage the gemstone and metal.
- Avoid contact with perfumes, lotions, hairspray, and cleaning products, which can damage the finish or dull the gemstone.
- Store the necklace individually, preferably in a soft pouch or jewelry box, to prevent scratches and tarnishing.
- Clean the necklace regularly with a soft, dry cloth, and avoid over-polishing, especially with gold vermeil or plated metals, to preserve the plating.
- Use a polishing cloth specifically designed for sterling silver or gold vermeil to maintain the shine and luster of the metal.
Specific Care for Each December Birthstone
Turquoise
Turquoise is a relatively soft and porous stone, with a Mohs hardness of 5 to 6, making it susceptible to scratches, water, and acidic substances. It should be cleaned gently with a soft cloth and warm water, and avoided contact with harsh chemicals or abrasive materials. It is also important to avoid prolonged exposure to direct sunlight, as this can cause the stone to fade or lose its color.
Blue Topaz
Blue topaz is a hard and durable stone, with a Mohs hardness of 8, making it resistant to scratches and abrasions. It can be cleaned with warm water and a mild detergent, and soaked in a jewelry cleaning solution for a more thorough cleaning. It is also resistant to most chemicals, though it should still be handled with care to avoid damage to the setting or chain.
Tanzanite
Tanzanite is a relatively soft and fragile stone, with a Mohs hardness of 6 to 7, and it is sensitive to heat and chemicals. It should be cleaned gently with a soft cloth and warm water, and avoided contact with harsh chemicals or abrasive materials. It is also important to avoid exposure to direct sunlight, as this can cause the stone to fade or lose its color.
Blue Zircon
Blue zircon is a hard and durable stone, with a Mohs hardness of 6 to 7.5, making it resistant to scratches and abrasions. It can be cleaned with warm water and a mild detergent, and soaked in a jewelry cleaning solution for a more thorough cleaning. It is also resistant to most chemicals, though it should still be handled with care to avoid damage to the setting or chain.
Conclusion
The December birthstone cross necklace is a beautiful and meaningful piece of jewelry that combines the symbolism of the cross with the unique properties of the December birthstones. Whether crafted with blue topaz, tanzanite, blue zircon, or turquoise, each variant of the December birthstone brings its own history, cultural significance, and spiritual meaning to the design.
From ancient traditions to modern craftsmanship, the December birthstone cross necklace continues to be a beloved and treasured piece of jewelry for those born in December. Whether worn as a personal talisman, a religious symbol, or a symbol of identity and heritage, the December birthstone cross necklace is a timeless and meaningful accessory that connects the wearer to both the past and the present.
With its rich history, beautiful gemstones, and meaningful symbolism, the December birthstone cross necklace remains a vibrant and enduring tradition in the world of gemology and jewelry.