The December birthstone is a subject of both historical significance and contemporary fascination. While most modern references associate December with turquoise, the gemstone has a rich cultural and symbolic legacy that spans millennia. Additionally, some sources mention blue topaz as a secondary December birthstone, adding nuance to the broader narrative of the month's gemological identity. When combined with the enduring appeal of gold, these gemstones take on a new dimension of elegance and meaning. This article explores the historical and geological background of turquoise and blue topaz, their symbolic meanings, and their modern role in December birthstone jewelry, particularly in gold-finished designs.
Historical and Cultural Significance
Turquoise has long been revered across a wide range of civilizations. Its use dates back to ancient Egypt, where it was considered a sacred stone and was often inlaid in jewelry and amulets. The Egyptians believed that turquoise offered protection from disease and misfortune, and it was commonly used in funerary rites. The stone's vibrant blue-green hues were also associated with the gods, particularly Hathor, the goddess of love, beauty, and protection.
In the Americas, turquoise was especially significant to the Indigenous peoples of the Southwest, particularly the Navajo and Zuni tribes. These communities used turquoise in jewelry and ceremonial objects, viewing it as a symbol of life and vitality. Turquoise was also believed to have powerful healing properties and was often worn during rituals to invoke spiritual protection.
Blue topaz, while not as ancient in its association with December as turquoise, has its own storied past. Topaz has been known since antiquity and was often confused with other gemstones due to its similar coloration. The name "topaz" is derived from the Sanskrit word "topras," which refers to a golden stone. Blue topaz, however, is a relatively modern creation—natural blue topaz is rare, and most blue topaz on the market today is the result of irradiation and heat treatment of colorless or brownish topaz.
The use of blue topaz as a December birthstone is a more recent addition to the birthstone tradition, likely emerging in the 20th century. It is often paired with turquoise in December-themed jewelry, adding a complementary blue tone to the collection of gemstones associated with the month. While turquoise has a more established historical and cultural significance, blue topaz contributes to the diversity of options available in December birthstone jewelry.
Geological Formation and Sources
Turquoise is a hydrated phosphate of aluminum and copper, with a chemical formula of CuAl₆(PO₄)₄(OH)₈·4H₂O. It forms in the oxidation zones of copper deposits, often as a secondary mineral in veins or nodules. The stone's coloration can vary significantly, from deep blue to green, depending on the presence of copper and iron. The presence of other elements can also affect the appearance of the stone, leading to variations such as "sleepy hollow" turquoise, which has distinctive spiderweb patterns.
Historically, the most prized turquoise was sourced from the Persian region, which is why the stone is named after the French word for "Persian." Today, major sources of turquoise include the United States (especially in Nevada and Arizona), China, Iran, and Egypt. The quality of turquoise can vary depending on the source, with Persian turquoise being highly valued for its deep blue color and minimal matrix.
Blue topaz, in contrast, is a silicate mineral with the chemical formula Al₂SiO₄(F,OH)₂. Natural blue topaz is extremely rare; most blue topaz available in the jewelry market is the result of treatment. Colorless or brownish topaz is irradiated and then heated to produce the vibrant blue hues associated with the gemstone. This process is safe and does not degrade the stone's durability.
Topaz is found in a variety of geological environments, including igneous rocks such as granite and pegmatite. The world's largest deposits of topaz are located in Brazil, Mexico, and Nigeria. Blue topaz used in December birthstone jewelry is typically sourced from these regions and then treated to achieve the desired coloration.
Symbolism and Metaphysical Beliefs
Turquoise has been regarded as a powerful protective stone in many cultures. In ancient Egypt, it was believed to offer protection from disease and misfortune, and it was commonly used in funerary rites. The stone was also associated with the gods, particularly Hathor, the goddess of love, beauty, and protection. In the Americas, turquoise was especially significant to the Indigenous peoples of the Southwest, particularly the Navajo and Zuni tribes. These communities used turquoise in jewelry and ceremonial objects, viewing it as a symbol of life and vitality.
Modern metaphysical beliefs about turquoise include its association with communication, clarity, and emotional balance. It is often used in meditation to promote calmness and to aid in self-expression. Turquoise is also believed to have healing properties, particularly for the throat and respiratory system.
Blue topaz, while less historically significant than turquoise, is often associated with calmness, tranquility, and emotional stability. It is believed to help reduce stress and anxiety and to promote a sense of inner peace. Blue topaz is also thought to enhance mental clarity and to support the wearer in making wise decisions.
In the context of December birthstone jewelry, both turquoise and blue topaz offer meaningful symbolism. Turquoise, with its rich historical and cultural associations, represents protection, vitality, and spiritual connection. Blue topaz, with its calming and stabilizing properties, adds a complementary dimension to the December birthstone experience.
December Birthstone Jewelry in Gold
Gold is one of the most enduring and beloved materials in jewelry design, and its combination with December birthstones creates pieces that are both beautiful and meaningful. The use of gold in December birthstone jewelry is particularly significant, as it enhances the colors of both turquoise and blue topaz, while also adding a sense of luxury and timelessness.
In the case of turquoise, gold is often used to set off the vibrant blue-green hues of the stone. Gold settings can range from simple and delicate to bold and ornate, depending on the desired aesthetic. Turquoise is often paired with gold in the form of pendants, earrings, and bracelets, with the gold providing a warm contrast to the cool tones of the stone.
Blue topaz, with its bright blue coloration, is also beautifully complemented by gold. Gold settings can enhance the brilliance of blue topaz, making it appear even more vibrant. In December birthstone jewelry, blue topaz is often used in rings, pendants, and earrings, with gold providing a luxurious and elegant frame for the gemstone.
The use of gold in December birthstone jewelry also adds to the symbolic meaning of the pieces. Gold is often associated with warmth, positivity, and prosperity, making it a fitting choice for December-themed jewelry. In many cultures, gold is also regarded as a symbol of love and commitment, further enhancing the emotional and spiritual significance of December birthstone jewelry.
Care and Maintenance of December Birthstone Jewelry
Proper care and maintenance are essential for preserving the beauty and longevity of December birthstone jewelry, particularly when it is set in gold. Turquoise and blue topaz are both relatively durable gemstones, but they can still be affected by exposure to harsh chemicals, extreme temperatures, and physical impact.
Turquoise is a relatively soft gemstone, with a hardness of about 5 to 6 on the Mohs scale. This means that it can be scratched or damaged by harder materials. It is also porous, which means that it can absorb liquids and become discolored if exposed to certain substances. To care for turquoise jewelry, it is important to avoid exposure to perfumes, lotions, and other chemicals. It should also be stored separately from other jewelry to prevent scratches.
Blue topaz, on the other hand, is a much harder gemstone, with a hardness of 8 on the Mohs scale. This makes it more resistant to scratches and damage. However, blue topaz can still be affected by exposure to high temperatures and radiation. It is important to avoid exposing blue topaz to extreme heat, such as in a sauna or hot shower, as this can cause the color to fade.
Gold, whether it is 14k, 18k, or gold-plated, is also sensitive to certain chemicals and physical damage. It can tarnish over time, especially if it is not properly cared for. To maintain the luster of gold jewelry, it is important to clean it regularly with a soft cloth and to avoid exposure to harsh chemicals.
When it comes to cleaning turquoise and blue topaz jewelry, it is best to use a gentle solution of warm water and mild dish soap. A soft cloth or a soft-bristled toothbrush can be used to gently clean the surface of the gemstones and the gold settings. It is important to avoid using ultrasonic cleaners or steam cleaners, as these can damage the gemstones and the gold.
Storage is also an important consideration for maintaining the appearance of December birthstone jewelry. Turquoise and blue topaz should be stored in a cool, dry place, away from direct sunlight and heat sources. Gold jewelry should also be stored in a similar manner, preferably in a soft cloth or jewelry box to prevent scratches and tarnishing.
Conclusion
The December birthstone, represented by turquoise and blue topaz, holds a unique place in the world of gemstones. Turquoise, with its rich historical and cultural significance, has been revered for centuries as a protective and healing stone. Blue topaz, while a more recent addition to the December birthstone tradition, adds a vibrant and calming dimension to the collection of gemstones associated with the month. When set in gold, these gemstones take on an added sense of elegance and meaning, making December birthstone jewelry a beautiful and meaningful choice.
The combination of turquoise and blue topaz with gold in December birthstone jewelry reflects the enduring appeal of both gemstones and the metal. Gold enhances the colors of the gemstones, adds a sense of luxury, and contributes to the symbolic meaning of the pieces. Whether as a gift for a loved one or a personal keepsake, December birthstone jewelry in gold is a timeless and meaningful choice.
Proper care and maintenance are essential for preserving the beauty and longevity of December birthstone jewelry. Turquoise and blue topaz, while durable, require gentle handling and protection from harsh chemicals and extreme temperatures. Gold, whether solid or plated, also requires care to maintain its luster and appearance. By following simple care and cleaning tips, December birthstone jewelry can be enjoyed for years to come.