August is one of only three months with multiple birthstones, and it is unique in having not one or two, but three. These gemstones—peridot, sardonyx, and spinel—each carry their own historical, cultural, and gemological significance. The tradition of associating gemstones with birth months has deep roots in ancient cultures, and August’s selection of three stones reflects a blend of historical tradition, evolving gemological understanding, and the influence of the modern jewelry industry.
This article explores the origins and evolution of August’s three birthstones, delving into their individual properties, historical uses, and symbolic meanings. We also examine how these gemstones came to be recognized as official birthstones for the month of August and their place in contemporary jewelry and culture.
The Origins and History of Birthstones
The practice of linking gemstones to birth months has a long and varied history. One of the earliest references to this tradition can be found in the Bible, specifically in the Book of Exodus. There, the Breastplate of Aaron, a sacred garment worn by the High Priest of the Israelites, is described as containing twelve gemstones, each representing one of the twelve tribes of Israel. These stones are believed to have been associated with the zodiac signs and the months of the year, forming the foundation of the birthstone tradition.
Over time, the idea of birthstones evolved across different cultures and regions. In medieval Europe, the practice of associating gemstones with the months of the year gained popularity, particularly in Poland and Germany. The specific gemstones assigned to each month were influenced by a combination of religious beliefs, folklore, and the availability of local gem materials.
By the 15th century, the tradition of birthstones had become more standardized, though the specific stones assigned to each month varied across different regions and cultures. In the 20th century, the modern system of birthstones was formalized by organizations such as the Jewelers of America and the American Gem Trade Association. These organizations sought to create a unified set of birthstones that could be recognized internationally by the jewelry industry.
Why August Has Three Birthstones
The inclusion of three gemstones for August reflects both historical tradition and the changing dynamics of the gem and jewelry trade. While most months are associated with one or two birthstones, August is an exception due to its unique gemological and cultural history.
Sardonyx: The Original August Birthstone
Sardonyx, a type of onyx with a reddish-brown body color and white or pale bands, is considered the original birthstone for August. Its use as a birthstone dates back over 4,000 years, with references found in ancient religious and cultural texts. Sardonyx was highly valued in antiquity for its durability and its striking color contrast, which made it ideal for carving into seals, amulets, and other decorative objects.
In the ancient world, sardonyx was believed to have protective and purifying properties. It was associated with courage, strength, and the ability to overcome obstacles. These qualities made it a popular choice for those born in August, who were often described as strong-willed and capable of leadership.
Despite its long history, sardonyx was not the only gemstone associated with August. In fact, its role as a birthstone was challenged in the modern era due to the rise of peridot as a popular alternative.
Peridot: The Traditional August Birthstone
Peridot, a gem variety of the mineral olivine, is a vibrant yellow-green gemstone that has been used in jewelry and decorative objects for thousands of years. Its history is closely tied to August due to its similar color to sardonyx, which led to confusion between the two stones in earlier times.
Peridot was historically mistaken for topaz and emerald, particularly in sources such as the Red Sea island of Topazios, where it was once mined. This misidentification contributed to its early association with August, as it was often used in place of sardonyx in jewelry and adornments.
In 1916, the Jewelers of America officially added peridot to the list of August birthstones, recognizing its growing popularity and the need to distinguish it from sardonyx. This addition reflected the changing preferences of the jewelry industry and the increasing demand for a wider variety of gemstones.
Spinel: The Modern August Birthstone
Spinel is the most recent addition to August’s birthstone roster, having been officially recognized in 2016. This deep red gemstone is often mistaken for ruby due to its similar color and luster, but it is a distinct mineral with its own unique properties.
The recognition of spinel as an August birthstone reflects the evolving nature of gemstone appreciation in the 21st century. As consumers began seeking alternatives to traditional red gemstones like ruby, spinel gained popularity for its affordability, durability, and beauty. Its inclusion in the August birthstone list expanded the range of options available for those born in August, allowing for greater personalization in jewelry design.
The addition of spinel also highlights the influence of the modern jewelry industry in shaping birthstone traditions. As new gemstones are discovered and their properties become better understood, they are increasingly incorporated into established traditions, reflecting both scientific advancements and changing consumer preferences.
The Gemological Properties of August Birthstones
Each of August’s three birthstones has unique gemological properties that contribute to their distinct appearances and uses in jewelry. These properties include color, hardness, refractive index, and chemical composition.
Peridot
Peridot is a silicate mineral with the chemical formula (Mg, Fe)₂SiO₄. It is known for its vibrant yellow-green to greenish-yellow color, which is caused by trace amounts of iron in its crystal structure. Peridot has a hardness of 6.5 to 7 on the Mohs scale, making it relatively durable but still susceptible to scratches and abrasions.
One of the most interesting aspects of peridot is its origin. It is formed under extreme conditions, either from hardened lava that carried it from deep within Earth’s mantle or from meteorites. This extraterrestrial origin gives peridot a unique place in gemology and adds to its allure.
Peridot has a refractive index of 1.65 to 1.70 and is singly refractive. It is often found in transparent to translucent form, with a vitreous luster. Peridot is also known for its pleochroism, meaning it can display different colors when viewed from different angles.
Sardonyx
Sardonyx is a type of onyx, a variety of chalcedony, with a red-brown body color and white or pale bands. Its chemical composition is primarily silicon dioxide (SiO₂), with trace amounts of iron responsible for its reddish hue.
Sardonyx has a hardness of 6.5 to 7 on the Mohs scale, making it durable enough for everyday wear in jewelry. It has a refractive index of 1.53 to 1.54 and is doubly refractive. Sardonyx is often used in carvings, seals, and intaglios due to its contrasting colors and fine grain, which allow for detailed engraving.
Spinel
Spinel is a mineral with the chemical formula MgAl₂O₄. It is known for its deep red color, which is caused by the presence of chromium or iron. Spinel has a hardness of 8 on the Mohs scale, making it harder than peridot and sardonyx and more suitable for everyday wear.
Spinel has a refractive index of 1.718 to 1.736 and is singly refractive. It is often transparent to translucent and has a vitreous luster. Spinel is highly valued for its clarity and brilliance, and it is often used in rings, pendants, and earrings.
The Symbolism and Cultural Significance of August Birthstones
Each of August’s birthstones carries its own symbolic meaning, reflecting the beliefs and traditions of different cultures throughout history.
Peridot
Peridot has long been associated with positivity, abundance, and protection. In ancient Egypt, it was believed to bring good fortune and ward off evil spirits. It was also thought to have the power to cure ailments and promote healing.
In medieval Europe, peridot was associated with the sun and was believed to bring warmth and vitality to those who wore it. It was often used in amulets and charms to protect against negative influences.
Peridot is also known as the "evening emerald" due to its bright green color and its ability to glow under candlelight. This property made it a popular choice for jewelry worn in the evening, particularly in royal courts and aristocratic circles.
Sardonyx
Sardonyx has been valued for its protective and purifying properties in many ancient cultures. In ancient Rome, it was believed to bring strength and courage to soldiers and warriors. It was often worn as a talisman to ensure victory in battle.
In medieval Europe, sardonyx was associated with modesty and chastity, and it was often worn by nuns and monks as a symbol of their religious devotion. It was also believed to have the power to ward off illness and promote good health.
Sardonyx is also associated with the zodiac sign Leo, and it is believed to enhance leadership qualities and confidence in those who wear it.
Spinel
Spinel has a relatively recent history in gemology, but it has been highly prized for its beauty and brilliance. In ancient times, it was often mistaken for ruby and was used in royal regalia and religious artifacts. It was believed to bring passion, love, and vitality to those who wore it.
In modern times, spinel has been associated with sincerity and honesty. It is often given as a gift to express true affection and to celebrate meaningful relationships.
Spinel is also believed to have a calming effect on the mind and body, making it a popular choice for meditation and spiritual practices.
The Use of August Birthstones in Jewelry
The three birthstones for August—peridot, sardonyx, and spinel—are used in a wide variety of jewelry styles, reflecting their diverse colors, textures, and symbolism.
Peridot is often used in rings, pendants, and earrings, particularly in designs that emphasize its bright green color and its ability to catch light. It is also popular in vintage and antique jewelry, where it is often set in yellow gold or silver to enhance its warmth.
Sardonyx is commonly used in carved rings, seals, and brooches, where its contrasting colors and fine grain allow for intricate detailing. It is also used in beads and cabochons, particularly in bohemian and artisanal jewelry.
Spinel is a versatile gemstone that is used in a wide range of jewelry styles, from classic to contemporary. It is often set in platinum, white gold, or rose gold to enhance its brilliance and color. Spinel is particularly popular in engagement rings and anniversary gifts, where its durability and beauty make it an excellent choice.
Care and Maintenance of August Birthstones
Proper care and maintenance are essential for preserving the beauty and longevity of August birthstones. Each gemstone requires specific care based on its hardness, refractive properties, and sensitivity to heat and chemicals.
Peridot
Peridot should be cleaned with warm, soapy water and a soft cloth or brush. It should be stored separately from harder gemstones to prevent scratches. Peridot is sensitive to heat and should not be exposed to high temperatures for prolonged periods.
Sardonyx
Sardonyx can be cleaned with warm, soapy water and a soft cloth. It should be stored in a dry place to prevent moisture from dulling its luster. Sardonyx is relatively durable but should be handled with care to avoid chipping or cracking.
Spinel
Spinel can be cleaned with warm, soapy water and a soft cloth or brush. It is more resistant to heat and chemicals than peridot and sardonyx, making it suitable for a wider range of cleaning methods. Spinel should be stored separately from harder gemstones to prevent scratches.
Conclusion
August’s three birthstones—peridot, sardonyx, and spinel—represent a unique blend of historical tradition, gemological science, and cultural significance. Their inclusion in the August birthstone list reflects the evolving nature of gemstone appreciation and the influence of the jewelry industry in shaping modern traditions.
Peridot, with its vibrant green color and extraterrestrial origins, has long been associated with positivity and protection. Sardonyx, with its deep red-brown color and fine grain, has been valued for its strength and purity. Spinel, with its deep red brilliance and durability, has emerged as a modern alternative to ruby and a symbol of sincerity and honesty.
Together, these three gemstones offer a rich and diverse selection for those born in August, allowing them to choose a stone that best reflects their personality and style. Whether worn as a piece of jewelry, a talisman, or a symbol of personal significance, August’s birthstones continue to captivate and inspire gemstone enthusiasts around the world.