December, with its crisp winds and festive spirit, is associated with a rich selection of birthstones, each offering a distinct charm. Among these, the December 5th birthstone holds a special place due to the singular allure of Tanzanite. This gemstone, known for its striking blue-violet hues, is not only a symbol of elegance but also a rare treasure found only in one location on Earth: the Merelani Hills near Mount Kilimanjaro in Tanzania. Its discovery in 1967 added a new and captivating option to the list of December birthstones, joining the ranks of traditional favorites like Turquoise and Zircon.
This article explores the multifaceted nature of Tanzanite, delving into its geological origins, symbolic meanings, and practical considerations for jewelry. Through a combination of scientific data and cultural lore, we uncover why Tanzanite has become a cherished gemstone for those born on December 5th and beyond.
History and Lore
The history of Tanzanite is relatively short compared to many other gemstones, but its journey to prominence is marked by a series of fascinating developments. Discovered in 1967 by a Maasai tribesman named Jabile J. Mwanyika, Tanzanite was initially mistaken for another gemstone due to its unique color. It wasn’t until a geologist named Manuel D. emigrated from Brazil and recognized the potential of the gem that its value was properly assessed. The gem was then marketed as a new and rare birthstone, specifically for December.
Tanzanite quickly gained popularity, partly due to its vibrant color and partly due to its exclusivity. Unlike many other gemstones, which can be found in multiple countries, Tanzanite is only found in Tanzania, making it one of the rarest gemstones in the world. This scarcity, combined with its striking appearance, contributed to its rapid rise as a popular birthstone for December.
Culturally, Tanzanite is associated with calmness, tranquility, and spiritual awareness. It is believed to help individuals connect with their inner selves and to promote a sense of balance and harmony. These qualities make it not only a beautiful gemstone but also a meaningful one, especially for those who were born on December 5th.
Geological Formation and Sources
Tanzanite is a type of zoisite, a mineral composed primarily of calcium aluminum silicate. Its chemical formula is Ca₂Al₃(SiO₄)(Si₂O₇)O(OH). What makes Tanzanite unique is the presence of vanadium, which is responsible for its blue-violet color. The gemstone is typically found in metamorphic rocks, formed under high pressure and temperature conditions.
The only known source of Tanzanite is the Merelani Hills in Tanzania, a region located near Mount Kilimanjaro. This geographical exclusivity means that the supply of Tanzanite is limited, and it is not likely to increase significantly. The gemstone is mined in this area using both open-pit and underground methods, with the quality and size of the stones varying depending on the specific location within the hills.
Due to its rarity and the limited number of sources, Tanzanite is considered a precious gemstone. It is also notable for its pleochroism, a property that allows it to display different colors when viewed from different angles. This means that a single Tanzanite gemstone can exhibit shades of blue, purple, and even brown, depending on the angle of light and the orientation of the stone.
Gemological Properties
Tanzanite is a gemstone that stands out for its unique physical and optical properties. Below is a detailed overview of its key gemological characteristics:
| Property | Description |
|---|---|
| Chemical Formula | Ca₂Al₃(SiO₄)(Si₂O₇)O(OH) |
| Color | Blue to violet, with some exhibiting brownish tones due to iron impurities |
| Hardness (Mohs Scale) | 6 to 7 |
| Specific Gravity | 3.1 to 3.4 |
| Refractive Index | 1.694 to 1.701 |
| Luster | Vitreous |
| Transparency | Transparent to translucent |
| Cleavage | Perfect in one direction |
| Pleochroism | Strong—can display blue, violet, and brown depending on the viewing angle |
| Cut | Typically cut in oval, round, pear, or emerald shapes to enhance color and reduce cleavage risk |
| Origin | Merelani Hills, Tanzania |
One of the most notable features of Tanzanite is its pleochroism, which allows it to display different colors when viewed from different angles. This property is not only visually appealing but also adds to the gemstone’s uniqueness. Tanzanite is also known for its relatively high refractive index, which contributes to its brilliance and fire when cut and polished.
In terms of hardness, Tanzanite ranks between 6 and 7 on the Mohs scale, making it suitable for everyday wear but requiring careful handling to avoid scratches and damage. It has a perfect cleavage in one direction, which means it can be prone to chipping if struck at the wrong angle. Therefore, it is important to consider the setting and design of Tanzanite jewelry to minimize the risk of damage.
Symbolism and Metaphysical Beliefs
Tanzanite is not only valued for its beauty and rarity but also for its symbolic and metaphysical properties. In various cultures and traditions, Tanzanite is believed to promote emotional healing, spiritual growth, and inner peace. Below are some of the key symbolic and metaphysical beliefs associated with Tanzanite:
Emotional Healing and Calmness
Tanzanite is often referred to as the "stone of transformation." It is believed to help individuals process emotions, particularly those that are difficult to express or deal with. The gemstone is said to encourage a sense of calmness and tranquility, helping to reduce stress and anxiety. This makes it a popular choice for those who are seeking emotional balance and mental clarity.
Spiritual Awareness and Intuition
Tanzanite is also associated with spiritual growth and intuition. It is believed to enhance one’s ability to connect with their higher self and to access deeper levels of consciousness. This makes it a valuable tool for meditation and spiritual practices. Some practitioners use Tanzanite to facilitate communication with higher realms and to encourage a sense of inner wisdom.
Protection and Guidance
In some cultures, Tanzanite is believed to offer protection and guidance. It is said to shield the wearer from negative energies and to help them make wise decisions. This protective quality is particularly valued by those who are navigating challenging times or who are seeking to overcome obstacles in their lives.
Love and Relationships
Tanzanite is also associated with love and relationships. It is believed to promote open and honest communication between partners, helping to strengthen emotional bonds. This makes it a meaningful gemstone for couples and for those who are seeking to improve their relationships.
Creativity and Expression
Tanzanite is also thought to stimulate creativity and self-expression. It is believed to help individuals tap into their creative potential and to express themselves more freely. This makes it a popular choice for artists, writers, and other creative professionals.
Care and Cleaning
Given its relatively low hardness and perfect cleavage, Tanzanite requires careful handling and cleaning to maintain its beauty and longevity. Below are some guidelines for caring for Tanzanite jewelry:
Cleaning Methods
Tanzanite can be cleaned using a soft cloth and a mild soap solution. Avoid using harsh chemicals or abrasive cleaners, as these can damage the gemstone. A soft-bristled brush can be used to gently remove dirt and debris, but it should be used with care to avoid scratching the surface.
Ultrasonic cleaners can be used for Tanzanite, but it is important to ensure that the jewelry is not subjected to excessive vibration, which can cause damage. Steam cleaners are generally not recommended for Tanzanite, as the heat can be harmful to the gemstone.
Storage and Handling
Tanzanite should be stored separately from other gemstones to prevent scratches and damage. It is best to keep it in a soft pouch or a lined jewelry box. Tanzanite should also be removed before engaging in activities that may expose it to impact or pressure, such as sports, heavy lifting, or manual labor.
Avoiding Exposure to Heat and Light
Tanzanite can be sensitive to heat and prolonged exposure to direct sunlight. It is important to avoid exposing Tanzanite to high temperatures, as this can cause it to lose its color or become brittle. Tanzanite should also be protected from prolonged exposure to artificial light, particularly ultraviolet light, which can cause fading.
Repair and Maintenance
If Tanzanite jewelry is damaged or needs repair, it should be taken to a professional jeweler who has experience with this gemstone. Tanzanite requires special handling due to its cleavage and hardness, and improper repair can lead to further damage.
Conclusion
Tanzanite is a remarkable gemstone that combines rarity, beauty, and meaning in a way that few other gemstones can match. As the December 5th birthstone, it offers a unique and meaningful way to celebrate the occasion. Its vibrant blue-violet hues, coupled with its symbolic associations with emotional healing, spiritual growth, and protection, make it a cherished gemstone for those born on this day.
From its geological origins in the Merelani Hills to its role in jewelry and personal adornment, Tanzanite continues to captivate gemstone enthusiasts and jewelry lovers alike. Whether worn as a personal talisman or as a meaningful gift, Tanzanite is a gemstone that embodies both the natural beauty of the Earth and the deep connections that gemstones can forge between people and the world around them.