The December 3rd Birthstone: Tanzanite, Turquoise, and Zircon – A Trio of Meaning and Beauty

For those born on December 3rd, the birthstone tradition offers a unique distinction: the selection of not one, but three gemstones—tanzanite, turquoise, and zircon—each with its own captivating history, symbolism, and gemological properties. This triad of stones represents not only the richness of December’s birthstone heritage but also the diverse ways in which gemstones have been valued across cultures and time.

This article explores the origins, properties, and significance of each of these stones, offering a detailed look at their roles in history, their geological formation, and their relevance to modern gemology and jewelry. Whether you are a gemstone enthusiast, a jewelry buyer, or simply curious about the meaning behind December 3rd’s birthstones, this in-depth analysis provides a comprehensive and authoritative guide.

Introduction

December is one of only two months in the traditional birthstone calendar to include multiple gemstones. This practice allows for greater variety and affordability, particularly for those seeking meaningful and beautiful jewelry. For those born on December 3rd, the choice expands further, with tanzanite, turquoise, and zircon all recognized as official birthstones for the day.

Each of these gemstones holds its own unique allure. Tanzanite, discovered in the 1960s and named for its sole source in Tanzania, is known for its vivid blue-violet color and its association with success and transformation. Turquoise, one of the oldest known gemstones, has been used for thousands of years in jewelry, ornaments, and even as a protective charm. Zircon, particularly its blue variety, is a versatile and brilliant gem that is often overlooked despite its beauty and affordability.

This article will explore the historical background, gemological characteristics, cultural significance, and care requirements of these three December 3rd birthstones. It will also examine the reasons why December has three birthstones, and how this practice reflects both practical and symbolic considerations in the gemstone trade.

History and Lore

The Evolution of December's Birthstones

The concept of assigning gemstones to birth months has ancient roots, with early references found in biblical and Roman texts. However, the modern birthstone list has evolved significantly over time. For December, the birthstone tradition has seen several changes, reflecting shifts in cultural preferences, gemstone availability, and commercial marketing.

The earliest known reference for December’s birthstone comes from the Biblical Book of Exodus, which lists a red stone as one of the twelve stones on the Aaronic breastplate. This red stone was later associated with ruby, making ruby the traditional December birthstone in early Christian and medieval traditions.

However, by the 19th century, the ruby had been replaced by turquoise, as popularized by a pamphlet from Tiffany & Co. in 1870. The National Association of Jewelers (now the American Gem Society) later adopted turquoise as the primary December birthstone in 1912, with lapis lazuli as an alternative. In 1952, zircon was added to the list by the Jewelry Industry Council of America, and in 2002, tanzanite joined the roster, marking a significant shift in the modern December birthstone tradition.

This expansion from one to three birthstones reflects a broader trend in the gemstone industry to offer more choices for consumers. As Source [2] explains, multiple birthstones allow for more affordable options alongside the traditional and often more expensive stones. This practical approach has helped maintain the relevance of birthstone jewelry in a competitive market.

Cultural Significance

Each of December's three birthstones has a rich cultural history that adds to their symbolic value.

Turquoise has been used for thousands of years across many ancient civilizations. In Persia, it was considered a sacred stone and was believed to protect against envy and harm. The Aztecs and Native Americans also held turquoise in high regard, using it in ceremonial jewelry and as a symbol of wealth and spiritual power. In some cultures, it was believed that turquoise could bring good fortune and help heal the body.

Zircon, though less well-known than turquoise or tanzanite, has been prized in ancient times for its brilliance and fire. Its name comes from the Arabic word "zankaf", meaning "gold-like," a reference to its golden coloration in some varieties. Blue zircon, in particular, is known for its high refractive index and dispersion, which gives it a diamond-like sparkle. In some traditions, zircon was believed to promote wisdom and protection.

Tanzanite, the youngest of the three, was only discovered in the 1960s. Its rapid rise in popularity is due in part to its striking color and the fact that it is only found in Northern Tanzania, making it one of the rarest gemstones in the world. Named in honor of its country of origin, tanzanite quickly became a symbol of luxury and exclusivity. It is also associated with emotional healing and spiritual awakening, making it a popular choice for meaningful jewelry.

Geological Formation and Sources

Tanzanite

Tanzanite is a rare and relatively new gemstone in the world of jewelry. It was first discovered in 1967 in Northern Tanzania, near the base of Mount Kilimanjaro. The gem is a variety of the mineral cushionite, which is a type of zircon. Its distinctive blue-violet color is the result of a unique geological process involving the presence of vanadium, which is responsible for the coloration.

Tanzanite is only found in a single location in the world, making it one of the most exclusive gemstones in existence. The deposits are located in the Merelani Hills, and mining operations are tightly controlled to preserve the quality and rarity of the stone.

Tanzanite is formed in metamorphic rocks, where intense heat and pressure over millions of years have transformed the mineral composition of the earth. The presence of aluminum, zirconium, and vanadium in the rock creates the conditions necessary for tanzanite to form. The color of the stone can vary depending on the angle of light and the cut of the gem.

Due to its rarity and the limited number of mines, tanzanite is considered a high-value gemstone. Its value is also influenced by the intensity of its color and the clarity of the stone. Deep blue tanzanites are the most valuable, while those with a more violet or purple hue are less expensive.

Turquoise

Turquoise is one of the oldest known gemstones and has been mined for thousands of years. It is a phosphate mineral composed of copper, aluminum, and phosphorus, with its coloration influenced by the presence of these elements. The blue color of turquoise comes from the presence of copper, while iron gives it a greenish tint.

Turquoise is typically found in weathered copper ore deposits, where acidic water has reacted with copper sulfides to form the stone. This process occurs in arid regions where volcanic and sedimentary rocks are exposed to the elements. As a result, turquoise is often found in dry, rocky environments.

Historically, the most valuable turquoise came from Persia (modern-day Iran), where it was mined for centuries. Today, the United States, particularly New Mexico, Arizona, and Nevada, is known for producing some of the finest turquoise. Other notable sources include Mexico, China, and Egypt.

Turquoise is a soft gemstone, with a Mohs hardness of 5 to 6, which makes it prone to scratching and breaking if not handled carefully. It is also porous, which means it can absorb oils and dyes, sometimes used to enhance its color or stability.

Zircon

Zircon is a silicate mineral that has been used as a gemstone for thousands of years. It is found in a wide range of colors, including blue, red, green, yellow, brown, and colorless. However, the blue variety is the most popular for jewelry, particularly in December birthstone collections.

Zircon forms in igneous rocks, such as granite, and is often found in sand and gravel deposits. It is a very durable gemstone, with a Mohs hardness of 6 to 7.5, depending on the variety. This makes it more resistant to wear and damage than many other gemstones.

The blue color of zircon is the result of heat treatment, which alters the structure of the mineral and enhances its color. This treatment is stable and does not fade over time, making blue zircon a popular and affordable alternative to other blue gemstones like sapphire.

Zircon is mined in many countries, including Brazil, Cambodia, Madagascar, and the United States. However, the most valuable blue zircon is often sourced from Cambodia and Thailand. Despite its beauty and durability, zircon is often overlooked in favor of more well-known gemstones, making it a hidden gem for those who appreciate its brilliance and affordability.

Gemological Properties

Tanzanite

Tanzanite's color is one of its most striking features, and it is often cut to enhance its pleochroism, a property that allows it to display different colors when viewed from different angles. This effect is particularly noticeable in well-cut tanzanite, which can appear blue, violet, or even purple depending on the direction of the light.

Its moderate hardness and poor cleavage make it relatively durable, though it is still best suited for protective settings in jewelry. Tanzanite is also sensitive to heat and chemicals, so care should be taken when cleaning or storing the gemstone.

Turquoise

Turquoise is a porous, opaque gemstone with a waxy luster. Its color varies from deep blue to greenish-blue, depending on the concentration of copper and iron in the stone. The presence of white veins or streaks is also common and is caused by the presence of calcite or other minerals in the matrix.

Because of its softness and porosity, turquoise is often treated with resin or oil to improve its durability and color retention. This treatment is stable and does not significantly affect the appearance of the gemstone.

Turquoise is best suited for protective settings, and it should be cleaned gently with a soft cloth and avoided exposure to harsh chemicals or heat.

Zircon

Zircon is a dense, durable gemstone with a high refractive index, giving it a sparkling, diamond-like appearance. The blue variety is the most popular for jewelry and is often used as an affordable alternative to sapphire.

Zircon is heat-treated to enhance its color, and this treatment is permanent and stable. Because of its durability and brilliance, zircon is well-suited for everyday wear and is a versatile choice for various jewelry styles.

Symbolism and Metaphysical Beliefs

Tanzanite

Tanzanite is often associated with emotional healing, spiritual awakening, and transformation. It is believed to help open the heart and mind, promoting compassion, peace, and harmony. Some sources suggest that tanzanite enhances intuition and perception, making it a popular stone for those seeking inner clarity and growth.

In modern metaphysical practices, tanzanite is used in energy healing and meditation, where it is said to balance the chakras and promote emotional stability. It is also believed to be a stone of success, helping individuals overcome challenges and achieve their goals.

Turquoise

Turquoise has long been regarded as a stone of protection, wisdom, and good fortune. In many ancient cultures, it was believed to ward off evil and bring prosperity. It was often used in ceremonial jewelry and amulets, and it was also used in healing rituals to promote physical and emotional well-being.

In Native American traditions, turquoise is considered a sacred stone and is often used in ceremonial regalia and jewelry. It is associated with healing, protection, and communication with the spiritual world.

In modern metaphysical practices, turquoise is believed to calm the mind, reduce stress, and enhance intuition. It is also thought to promote courage and self-expression, making it a popular choice for those who want to enhance their communication skills and emotional balance.

Zircon

Zircon is often associated with wisdom, protection, and prosperity. It is believed to enhance mental clarity and focus, and it is also thought to protect against negative energy and psychic attacks.

In ancient traditions, zircon was used as a stone of power and protection, and it was often worn by rulers and warriors to gain strength and courage. It was also used in healing and spiritual practices, where it was believed to promote good health and longevity.

In modern metaphysical practices, zircon is considered a stone of transformation and renewal, and it is often used in energy healing and meditation. It is believed to help individuals overcome obstacles and achieve their goals, and it is also thought to enhance creativity and inspiration.

Care and Cleaning

Tanzanite

Tanzanite is a relatively durable gemstone, but it does require careful handling due to its moderate hardness and sensitivity to heat and chemicals.

• Cleaning: Tanzanite can be cleaned with warm, soapy water and a soft cloth or brush. It should be avoided exposure to harsh chemicals, such as bleach or ammonia, which can damage the stone or alter its color.
• Storage: Tanzanite should be stored separately from other gemstones, as it can be scratched by harder stones.
• Wear: Tanzanite is best suited for protective settings in jewelry, such as ring bands or pendants, to prevent impact and damage.

Turquoise

Turquoise is a soft and porous gemstone, which makes it more fragile than many other gemstones.

• Cleaning: Turquoise can be cleaned gently with a soft cloth and mild soap, but it should be avoided exposure to harsh chemicals or abrasive materials, which can damage the stone or remove its color.
• Storage: Turquoise should be stored in a cool, dry place, away from direct sunlight and heat sources, which can cause it to dry out and crack.
• Wear: Turquoise is best suited for protective settings, such as pendants or earrings, to avoid impact and wear.

Zircon

Zircon is a durable gemstone with a high refractive index, making it well-suited for everyday wear.

• Cleaning: Zircon can be cleaned with warm, soapy water and a soft cloth or brush. It is resistant to most chemicals, but it should still be avoided exposure to harsh solvents or abrasives.
• Storage: Zircon can be stored with other gemstones, as it is relatively hard and durable.
• Wear: Zircon is ideal for a variety of jewelry styles, including rings, earrings, and necklaces, and it is resistant to wear and damage.

Conclusion

For those born on December 3rd, the choice of tanzanite, turquoise, and zircon as birthstones offers a unique and meaningful connection to the world of gemstones. Each of these gemstones carries its own historical significance, cultural symbolism, and gemological properties, making them a rich and diverse representation of December’s birthstone heritage.

Tanzanite, with its vibrant blue-violet color and association with transformation and success, is a modern gemstone that has quickly gained popularity. Turquoise, one of the oldest known gemstones, has a long and storied history of use in jewelry, ornaments, and spiritual practices. Zircon, particularly the blue variety, is a versatile and brilliant gemstone that is often overlooked despite its beauty and durability.

Whether you choose tanzanite for its rarity, turquoise for its tradition, or zircon for its brilliance, each of these gemstones offers a unique and meaningful way to celebrate the magic of December 3rd. By understanding their history, properties, and care requirements, you can appreciate the beauty and significance of these gemstones in a deeper and more informed way.

Sources

1. December 3rd Birthstone
2. December Birthstones: A Trio of Jewels for the Year’s End
3. December birthstone: turquoise, zircon or tanzanite
4. Gemstones By Birthdate - December 3rd
5. December’s Birthstones: Tanzanite, Zircon, Turquoise
6. December Birthstones: Blue Topaz, Blue Zircon, Tanzanite and Turquoise
7. December Birthstones - Blue Topaz and Turquoise