December 20th is a unique date in the world of birthstones, as it is associated with a trio of gemstones: turquoise, tanzanite, and zircon. Each of these stones carries its own rich history, cultural significance, and gemological properties, making them not only beautiful choices for jewelry but also meaningful symbols of personal identity, protection, and transformation. For those born on this date, these birthstones offer a unique opportunity to connect with a stone that reflects their individuality, aspirations, and spiritual beliefs.
In this article, we explore the three December 20th birthstones in detail. We will begin by examining their historical and cultural backgrounds, followed by a discussion of their geological properties, including their composition, hardness, and sources. We will also delve into the symbolic and metaphysical meanings attributed to these gemstones across different cultures and eras. Finally, we will provide practical advice on how to care for each stone to ensure its longevity and brilliance.
History and Cultural Significance
Turquoise: The Stone of Protection and Power
Turquoise has one of the most storied histories among all gemstones. Its name comes from the French term pierre turquoise, meaning "Turkish stone," due to its early introduction to Europe via Turkey. However, its origins and use predate this by thousands of years.
Ancient civilizations, including the Egyptians, Persians, and Chinese, revered turquoise for its protective properties. In ancient Egypt, it was used to adorn the mummies of pharaohs, symbolizing life and immortality. The Egyptians believed that turquoise had divine power and was a gift from the gods. In the Americas, particularly among the Aztecs and Native American tribes, turquoise was used in jewelry and ceremonial objects. The Navajo and Zuni peoples, for example, used turquoise in inlay work and sacred rituals, associating it with the sky and the divine.
During the Renaissance, turquoise became a popular gemstone in Europe, often used in jewelry and decorative objects. Today, it remains a symbol of protection, wisdom, and good fortune. Its blue-green hues are believed to promote calmness and emotional balance.
Tanzanite: A Modern Marvel from the Earth
Tanzanite is a relatively recent discovery in the world of gemstones. It was first discovered in 1967 in Tanzania, near the base of Mount Kilimanjaro. The gemstone was initially found in a dark brown color but was later treated with heat to reveal its stunning blue-violet hues. This discovery was groundbreaking, as it was the first new gemstone to be discovered in the 20th century and was named after its country of origin.
The story of tanzanite is also one of rarity and exclusivity. It is found in only one location in the world, and geologists estimate that the deposit will be depleted within a few decades. This scarcity has contributed to its value and mystique.
Tanzanite quickly became a popular birthstone for December, symbolizing transformation, intuition, and spiritual growth. Its deep blue and violet tones are said to resonate with the higher chakras, promoting emotional healing and spiritual awakening.
Zircon: An Ancient Gemstone with a Modern Shine
Zircon is one of the oldest gemstones in the world, with some zircon crystals found in Australia dating back over four billion years. It has been used since ancient times, often mistaken for other gemstones due to its brilliance and refractive qualities. In the past, zircon was frequently confused with hyacinth or jacinth, names used in historical texts.
Blue zircon, in particular, became popular in the 20th century after it was stabilized through heat treatment. This vibrant blue color is one of the most sought-after in gemology. Zircon is also found in a variety of colors, including red, yellow, green, and brown, making it a versatile stone.
Zircon has been used in jewelry for centuries, with some of the most famous examples being the "Ceylon Blue" zircons found in ancient Indian and Sri Lankan jewelry. In modern times, zircon is valued not only for its beauty but also for its affordability and durability, especially in the blue variety.
Geological Properties and Sources
Turquoise: A Hydrated Phosphate of Aluminum and Copper
Turquoise is a phosphate mineral composed of aluminum, copper, and water. Its chemical formula is CuAl₆(PO₄)₄(OH)₈·4H₂O. The blue and green colors of turquoise are due to the presence of copper, while iron gives it a more greenish hue.
Turquoise is a relatively soft gemstone, with a hardness of 5 to 6 on the Mohs scale. This makes it more susceptible to scratches and damage, so it requires careful handling and proper care. It is also porous and can absorb oils and chemicals easily.
The primary sources of turquoise are in the United States, particularly in Nevada, Arizona, and New Mexico. Other notable sources include Iran, Egypt, China, and Mexico. The most prized turquoise comes from the Sleeping Beauty mine in Arizona, known for its consistent blue color and minimal matrix.
Tanzanite: A Variety of Cymophane in the Grossular Garnet Group
Tanzanite is a blue-violet variety of the mineral cymophane, which is part of the grossular garnet group. Its chemical formula is CaAl₃(PO₄)₃(OH), and its color is due to trace amounts of vanadium. The intense blue-violet color is achieved through heat treatment, which removes the brown coloration and enhances the blue tones.
Tanzanite has a hardness of 6 to 7 on the Mohs scale, making it more durable than turquoise but still requiring some care. It is also sensitive to extreme temperatures and can be damaged by exposure to heat or strong sunlight.
Tanzanite is found only in the Merelani Hills of Tanzania, near the famous Mount Kilimanjaro. The deposit is located in the Simanjiro region and is the only known source of this gemstone in the world. Due to its limited availability, tanzanite is considered a rare and valuable gemstone.
Zircon: A Silicate Mineral with a High Refractive Index
Zircon is a silicate mineral composed of zirconium, silicon, and oxygen, with the chemical formula ZrSiO₄. It is known for its high refractive index, which gives it a brilliant sparkle similar to diamonds. Zircon is also known for its strong dispersion, which creates a fire-like effect in certain colors.
Zircon has a hardness of 6 to 7.5 on the Mohs scale, making it more durable than turquoise and somewhat more resilient than tanzanite. However, it can have cleavage planes, which means it can be chipped or broken if struck at the wrong angle.
Blue zircon is the most popular variety and is found in countries such as Australia, Sri Lanka, and Cambodia. Other notable sources include Thailand, Brazil, and the United States. The blue color is achieved through heat treatment, which removes the natural color and enhances the blue tones.
Symbolism and Metaphysical Beliefs
Turquoise: A Stone of Protection and Clarity
Turquoise has long been associated with protection, wisdom, and emotional balance. In many cultures, it is believed to absorb negative energy and promote a sense of calm and well-being. It is often used in meditation and spiritual practices to enhance intuition and communication.
In Native American traditions, turquoise is considered a sacred stone and is used in healing ceremonies and rituals. It is believed to bring good fortune, especially in matters of love and health. The Navajo people, in particular, associate turquoise with the sky and the divine, using it in their sacred jewelry and rituals.
Modern metaphysical beliefs also attribute various properties to turquoise. It is believed to enhance clarity of thought, promote emotional stability, and encourage positive communication. It is also said to support personal growth and spiritual development.
Tanzanite: A Stone of Transformation and Spiritual Awakening
Tanzanite is often referred to as the "stone of transformation" due to its association with change, growth, and spiritual awakening. It is believed to help individuals navigate difficult transitions and emotional challenges by promoting inner strength and resilience.
In metaphysical practices, tanzanite is associated with the throat and third eye chakras, which are linked to communication and intuition. It is believed to enhance one’s ability to express their true self and to listen more deeply to their inner voice. It is also used in meditation to promote emotional healing and spiritual insight.
Tanzanite is also associated with the concept of duality and balance. It is believed to help individuals integrate the light and dark aspects of their personality, leading to a more harmonious and balanced life. This makes it a popular stone for those undergoing personal or spiritual transformations.
Zircon: A Stone of Energy, Clarity, and Renewal
Zircon is believed to have a wide range of metaphysical properties, making it a versatile gemstone in spiritual practices. It is associated with the heart and crown chakras, which are linked to love, compassion, and spiritual connection. It is believed to enhance one’s ability to receive and give love, while also promoting emotional healing and spiritual growth.
Zircon is also known for its ability to absorb and store energy, which makes it a powerful stone for grounding and protection. It is often used in rituals to cleanse and charge other gemstones. It is also believed to enhance one’s ability to see the truth and to make clear, wise decisions.
Blue zircon, in particular, is associated with renewal and transformation. It is believed to help individuals let go of the past and embrace new beginnings with confidence and optimism. It is also said to promote a sense of calm and inner peace, making it a popular stone for meditation and relaxation.
Care and Maintenance
Turquoise
Due to its softness and porosity, turquoise requires careful handling and maintenance. It should be stored separately from other gemstones to avoid scratches. It should also be kept away from direct sunlight and extreme temperatures, as these can cause fading and damage.
Cleaning turquoise should be done gently with a soft cloth and mild soap. It should not be exposed to harsh chemicals or abrasive materials. It is also recommended to avoid wearing turquoise in water, as it can absorb moisture and become damaged.
Tanzanite
Tanzanite is more durable than turquoise but still requires some care to maintain its beauty and luster. It should be stored in a cool, dry place away from direct sunlight, as prolonged exposure can cause fading.
Cleaning tanzanite can be done with warm water and mild soap. A soft cloth can be used to gently wipe the surface. It should not be exposed to harsh chemicals or ultrasonic cleaners, as these can damage the stone. It is also recommended to avoid exposing tanzanite to extreme heat, as it can cause discoloration.
Zircon
Zircon is relatively durable and can be cleaned with warm water and mild soap. It can also be cleaned with ultrasonic cleaners, but it is important to avoid exposing it to heat, as it can cause discoloration or damage.
Zircon should be stored in a cool, dry place away from direct sunlight. It should also be kept separate from other gemstones to avoid scratches, especially if it has cleavage planes.
Conclusion
The December 20th birthstones—turquoise, tanzanite, and zircon—each offer a unique combination of beauty, meaning, and history. Whether you are drawn to the deep blue of turquoise, the rich violet of tanzanite, or the brilliant sparkle of zircon, these gemstones provide a meaningful connection to the past, present, and future.
For those born on this date, these stones serve as symbols of protection, transformation, and renewal. They also offer a tangible way to explore the rich tapestry of human history, culture, and spirituality through the lens of gemology. Whether worn as jewelry or used in meditation and spiritual practices, these birthstones are more than just decorative objects—they are powerful symbols of identity, purpose, and connection.
By understanding the properties, history, and symbolism of these gemstones, we can gain a deeper appreciation for their significance and the role they play in our lives. Whether you choose turquoise for its calming energy, tanzanite for its transformative power, or zircon for its brilliance and clarity, you are embracing a stone that has been cherished by people across time and cultures.