December is one of the most unique months in the world of birthstones, offering a remarkable selection of five distinct gemstones: Blue Topaz, Tanzanite, Turquoise, Zircon, and Lapis Lazuli. Each of these stones carries its own set of symbolic meanings, geological properties, and historical significance. This diversity allows those born in December to choose a gemstone that resonates most with their personality, style, or cultural background.
This article delves into the rich history, symbolic meanings, and gemological properties of each of December's birthstones. It also explores their traditional and modern significance, their sources around the world, and the best ways to care for them. Whether you're a gemstone enthusiast, a jewelry buyer, or simply curious about the meaning behind these stones, this guide will provide you with a comprehensive understanding of what makes December's birthstones so special.
History and Lore of December Birthstones
The tradition of associating gemstones with the months of the year dates back centuries, with roots in ancient civilizations such as the Hebrews, Greeks, and Romans. These cultures believed that gemstones held mystical powers and could influence one’s health, fortune, and destiny. In medieval Europe, the practice of wearing the birthstone of the month was believed to offer protection and good luck.
In the case of December, the selection of multiple birthstones reflects both the month's historical development and the diversity of gemstones available in deep winter colors. While Turquoise and Zircon are considered the traditional December birthstones, Blue Topaz, Tanzanite, and Lapis Lazuli have also been adopted in more modern times.
Turquoise: A Stone of Protection and Wisdom
Turquoise has been revered for thousands of years and is one of the oldest known gemstones. It was highly valued in ancient Egypt, Persia, and China, where it was used in jewelry, amulets, and even in ceremonial objects. The stone was believed to offer protection from evil spirits and misfortune, as well as to bring wisdom and clarity of thought.
In many cultures, turquoise was also associated with healing and spiritual connection. Native American tribes, for example, considered it a stone of power and transformation, often using it in rituals and ceremonies to promote harmony and balance.
Zircon: The Oldest Known Mineral on Earth
Zircon is one of the most ancient minerals on the planet, with some zircon crystals found in Australia dating back over 4.4 billion years. This makes it a particularly intriguing gemstone from a geological standpoint. Historically, zircon has been associated with mystical properties, including the ability to enhance spiritual awareness and intuition.
In medieval Europe, zircon was believed to protect the wearer from nightmares and poison, and it was often used in protective amulets. Today, blue zircon is especially valued for its brilliant fire and refractive qualities, making it a popular choice for those who appreciate vibrant, colorful gemstones.
Lapis Lazuli: The Stone of Kings
Lapis lazuli is a metamorphic rock that has been prized since ancient times, particularly in Mesopotamia, Egypt, and the Indus Valley. Known for its deep blue color flecked with white and gold, it was often used in royal regalia and sacred artifacts.
In ancient Egypt, lapis lazuli was associated with divinity and protection, and it was commonly used in jewelry and inks. It was also believed to enhance intellectual abilities and promote inner truth, making it a favorite among scholars and rulers.
Tanzanite: The Modern Marvel of December
Discovered in Tanzania in 1967, tanzanite is a relatively new gemstone in the world of jewelry. Named after its country of origin, it quickly became a symbol of luxury and rarity, due to its vibrant blue to violet color and its exclusive source in the Merelani Hills near Mount Kilimanjaro.
Tanzanite is also notable for its trichroism, meaning it can display three different colors depending on the angle of light. This property, combined with its vivid color and unique formation, has made tanzanite a popular choice for modern jewelry design.
Blue Topaz: A Symbol of Calm and Clarity
Blue topaz, while a relatively modern addition to the list of December birthstones, has a rich history in the gem world. It is often associated with calmness, serenity, and emotional balance. In ancient times, topaz was believed to ward off negativity and promote strength and vitality.
The blue coloration in topaz is typically due to irradiation or trace elements, and it is one of the most popular gemstones for those who appreciate soft, cool colors in their jewelry.
Geological Formation and Sources
Understanding the geological origins of these gemstones adds to their allure and helps inform proper care and appreciation. Each of December's birthstones is formed through distinct geological processes and is found in specific regions around the world.
Blue Topaz
Topaz is a silicate mineral that forms in pegmatite and rhyolite rock formations, often near the Earth's surface. Blue topaz, in particular, is created through irradiation or heat treatment of naturally colorless topaz. It is most commonly found in Brazil, Mexico, and the United States, with Brazil being the largest producer.
Tanzanite
Tanzanite is a trigonal mineral that forms in metamorphic rock, specifically in gneiss and schist. It is exclusively found in Tanzania, near Mount Kilimanjaro, in the Merelani Hills. The rarity of tanzanite is partly due to the limited geographical area in which it can form.
Turquoise
Turquoise is a phosphate mineral that forms in copper-rich, arid environments. It is typically found in veins and nodules within limestone and other sedimentary rocks. Major sources include China, Iran, Egypt, and the United States, particularly in New Mexico and Nevada.
Zircon
Zircon is a zirconium silicate mineral that is one of the oldest minerals on Earth, with some crystals dating back over 4 billion years. It forms in granite and metamorphic rocks, and is found in Australia, Brazil, India, and parts of Africa. Blue zircon is created through heat treatment, which enhances its brilliant color and refractive properties.
Lapis Lazuli
Lapis lazuli is a metamorphic rock composed mainly of sodium aluminum silicate, with inclusions of pyrite and calcite. It is formed under high pressure and temperature conditions, and is typically found in mountainous regions. Major sources include Afghanistan, Pakistan, and Chile, with Afghanistan being the most historically significant.
Gemological Properties of December Birthstones
Each of December's birthstones has distinct physical and optical properties that make them unique in the world of gemstones. Below is a summary of the key gemological properties of each stone:
| Gemstone | Color | Hardness (Mohs) | Composition | Refractive Index | Cleavage | Specific Gravity | Transparency |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Blue Topaz | Blue | 8 | Al₂SiO₆ | 1.61–1.63 | None | 3.5–3.6 | Transparent to Translucent |
| Tanzanite | Blue to Violet | 6–7 | CaAl₂(PO₄)₂(OH)₂ | 1.694–1.701 | Perfect | 3.1–3.2 | Transparent |
| Turquoise | Blue-Green | 5–6 | CuAl₆(PO₄)₄(OH)₈·4H₂O | 1.61–1.63 | None | 2.6–2.8 | Opaque to Translucent |
| Zircon | Blue | 7.5–8 | ZrSiO₄ | 1.92–2.01 | Perfect | 4.5–4.7 | Transparent |
| Lapis Lazuli | Blue with Gold/White | 5–6 | Sodium Aluminum Silicate | 1.6–1.7 | None | 2.4–2.9 | Opaque |
These properties affect the durability, clarity, and appearance of each gemstone, and they also influence the best ways to care for and set them in jewelry.
Symbolism and Metaphysical Beliefs
The symbolic and metaphysical properties of gemstones have been passed down through generations and continue to influence the way people choose and wear jewelry today. December's birthstones are no exception, each carrying its own set of meanings and powers.
Blue Topaz – Emotional Balance and Peace
Blue topaz is often associated with calmness, emotional balance, and mental clarity. It is believed to help soothe the mind and reduce stress, making it a popular choice for those seeking inner peace and serenity.
In ancient times, topaz was also thought to ward off negativity and promote strength and vitality. It was often worn by warriors and travelers as a protective stone, helping them to stay focused and fearless in the face of danger.
Tanzanite – Intuition and Transformation
Tanzanite is known as a stone of transformation, helping the wearer to embrace change and grow spiritually. It is believed to enhance intuition and psychic abilities, making it a favorite among those interested in spiritual development and self-discovery.
Its vibrant blue to violet color is thought to awaken the heart and soul, encouraging emotional healing and self-acceptance. Tanzanite is also believed to promote harmony and balance, both within the self and in relationships.
Turquoise – Protection and Positive Energy
Turquoise has long been considered a stone of protection and positive energy. It was often worn by warriors and travelers as a protective amulet, helping to ward off evil spirits and misfortune.
In many cultures, turquoise is also associated with healing and spiritual connection. It is believed to promote inner calm and foster creativity, making it an ideal stone for those who value art, intuition, and spiritual growth.
Zircon – Spiritual Awareness and Clarity
Zircon is often regarded as a stone of spiritual awareness and intuition. It is believed to enhance psychic abilities and promote deep meditation, helping the wearer to connect with higher consciousness and gain insight into their life path.
Due to its brilliant fire and refractive qualities, zircon is also associated with clarity and brilliance, both in thought and in action. It is often used in protective amulets and talismans, especially for those who seek mental clarity and emotional balance.
Lapis Lazuli – Wisdom and Truth
Lapis lazuli has long been associated with wisdom, truth, and spiritual enlightenment. It is believed to enhance intellectual abilities and promote a deeper understanding of the self and the world.
In ancient times, lapis lazuli was used by scholars, rulers, and spiritual leaders as a stone of knowledge and insight. It is also believed to promote honesty, integrity, and a strong sense of purpose, making it an ideal stone for those who value truth and authenticity.
Care and Cleaning Tips for December Birthstones
Proper care and maintenance are essential for preserving the beauty and longevity of any gemstone. Each of December's birthstones requires specific care due to their unique hardness, cleavage, and sensitivity to heat and chemicals.
Blue Topaz
Blue topaz is relatively durable, with a hardness of 8 on the Mohs scale, making it suitable for everyday wear. However, it can be damaged by sudden temperature changes, so it is best to avoid exposing it to extreme heat or cold.
To clean blue topaz, use mild soap and warm water, and gently scrub with a soft brush. Avoid using ultrasonic or steam cleaners, as these can cause damage or discoloration.
Tanzanite
Tanzanite is more delicate, with a hardness of 6–7, and it has perfect cleavage, making it prone to chipping or breaking if not handled carefully.
Avoid exposing tanzanite to high heat or strong chemicals, and store it separately from harder gemstones to prevent scratching. For cleaning, use warm, soapy water and a soft cloth.
Turquoise
Turquoise is relatively soft, with a hardness of 5–6, and it is porous, which makes it susceptible to damage from water and chemicals.
To care for turquoise, avoid exposure to water and household cleaners, and store it in a dry, cool place. Clean it gently with a soft cloth and a small amount of water, then dry it thoroughly.
Zircon
Zircon is fairly durable, with a hardness of 7.5–8, and it is resistant to scratching, but it can be damaged by heat and sudden temperature changes.
Avoid using ultrasonic or steam cleaners, as these can damage the stone or cause it to lose its color. Clean zircon with warm, soapy water and a soft brush, and dry it with a soft cloth.
Lapis Lazuli
Lapis lazuli is soft, with a hardness of 5–6, and it is opaque, making it sensitive to water and chemicals.
Clean lapis lazuli with a soft cloth and a small amount of water, and avoid using harsh cleaners or abrasive materials. Store it in a dry, cool place, away from direct sunlight and heat.
Conclusion
December’s birthstones offer a rich tapestry of history, symbolism, and beauty, making them a unique and meaningful choice for those born in this month. From the protective power of turquoise to the spiritual insight of zircon, each gemstone brings its own distinct qualities and significance.
Whether you are drawn to the vibrant blue of tanzanite, the calm serenity of blue topaz, or the deep wisdom of lapis lazuli, there is a December birthstone to suit every taste and personality.
Understanding the geological properties, historical significance, and symbolic meanings of these stones allows you to choose with confidence and wear with pride, knowing that each gemstone carries a legacy of beauty, strength, and meaning.
As December's birthstones continue to be cherished around the world, they remain a testament to the enduring allure of gemstones and their deep connection to human history and culture.