September is a month rich in symbolism, marking the end of summer and the beginning of autumn. It is also the month associated with one of the most celebrated gemstones—sapphire. However, the tradition of birthstones is not limited to a single gemstone. Over the centuries, multiple stones have been linked to September, reflecting the diverse cultural, spiritual, and historical significance of the month. While sapphire remains the most iconic September birthstone, the month also has alternative gemstones such as lapis lazuli, carnelian, aventurine, sardonyx, agate, and zircon. These stones, though less commonly known, carry their own unique properties and meanings, making them equally valuable in the world of gemology and jewelry.
This article explores the alternative September birthstones in depth, examining their historical uses, gemological properties, and cultural significance. We will also touch upon their metaphysical beliefs and practical considerations for care and preservation. Through these discussions, we aim to provide a comprehensive understanding of these beautiful gemstones and their place in the tradition of birthstones.
History and Lore
The tradition of birthstones is believed to have ancient origins, with roots in both biblical and cultural lore. In the Book of Exodus, there are references to 12 stones adorning the breastplate of the High Priest, each representing one of the 12 tribes of Israel. While this set of stones differs from the modern birthstone calendar, it laid the foundation for associating specific gemstones with months and their meanings. The modern concept of birthstones began to take shape in the 19th century and was popularized by the American National Association of Jewelers (now CIBJO) in the 1910s.
For September, sapphire has long been the most prominent and widely recognized birthstone. Its deep blue color has historically been associated with royalty, wisdom, and divine insight. Sapphires were once believed to be fragments of the stars, and their color was thought to represent the heavens. The gemstone’s association with high society and nobility is well-documented, with historical figures such as Catherine the Great and Princess Diana showcasing sapphires in their royal regalia.
However, sapphire is not the only gemstone associated with September. Lapis lazuli, for example, was considered a cousin to sapphire in ancient times and was often used in jewelry and ceremonial objects. In fact, lapis lazuli was so highly valued that it was often mistaken for sapphire before the two were properly distinguished. This deep blue stone was a favorite of Egyptian royalty and was used in the famous death mask of Pharaoh Tutankhamun. Lapis lazuli was also used as a pigment in medieval paintings and is still prized for its spiritual and therapeutic properties.
Carnelian, another alternative birthstone for September, has a rich history in ancient Rome and Greece. Known for its warm red-orange hue, carnelian was often used for cameos and seals due to its durability and ability to take a fine polish. It was believed to bring courage, vitality, and protection to the wearer. The stone was also associated with the sun and was used in various rituals and ceremonies.
Aventurine, a green variety of quartz, is another alternative September birthstone linked to the zodiac sign Virgo. It was believed to bring abundance, creativity, and a sense of connection to the divine. Aventurine was often used in decorative objects and jewelry, and its shimmering effect made it a popular choice for ornamental purposes.
Sardonyx, a type of chalcedony, was historically considered a September birthstone in ancient Rome and Italy. It was valued for its protective properties and was believed to bring optimism and confidence. Agate, another chalcedony variety, was considered a stabilizing stone in ancient Tibet and was used for various purposes, from jewelry to talismans.
Zircon, particularly the blue variety, was associated with September in ancient Hindu traditions. Known for its quiet yet powerful energy, blue zircon was believed to bring peace and inner joy to the wearer.
These alternative September birthstones reflect the diverse cultural and historical influences that have shaped the tradition of birthstones over time. Each stone carries its own unique significance and has been used in different ways by various civilizations, from ancient Egypt to medieval Europe to modern jewelry design.
Geological Formation and Sources
Understanding the geological formation and sources of gemstones provides insight into their rarity, beauty, and value. Each of the alternative September birthstones has distinct origins and formation processes that contribute to their unique properties.
Lapis Lazuli
Lapis lazuli is a metamorphic rock composed primarily of lazurite, a deep blue mineral. It also contains calcite, which appears as white veins, and pyrite, which adds golden flecks. The formation of lapis lazuli occurs deep within the Earth's crust, where limestone and other sedimentary rocks are subjected to high pressure and heat. Over millions of years, these conditions cause the minerals to recrystallize and form the distinctive blue rock.
The most famous source of lapis lazuli is Afghanistan, where the stone has been mined for thousands of years. Other significant sources include Russia, Chile, and Argentina. Lapis lazuli from Afghanistan is particularly prized for its intense blue color and high-quality pyrite inclusions.
Carnelian
Carnelian is a variety of chalcedony, a form of microcrystalline quartz. It is typically found in red or orange hues due to the presence of iron impurities. The formation of carnelian involves the deposition of silica-rich solutions in sedimentary rock layers, where they gradually solidify into the gemstone. Over time, the iron content gives the stone its characteristic warm color.
Carnelian is found in various parts of the world, including India, Brazil, and the United States. Brazil is one of the largest producers of carnelian, with deposits in the state of Rio Grande do Sul. The stone is also found in the Czech Republic and the United Kingdom.
Aventurine
Aventurine is a type of quartz that contains small inclusions of minerals such as feldspar, mica, or hematite. These inclusions create a shimmering effect known as aventurescence, which gives the stone its name. The formation of aventurine occurs when quartz crystals grow around these inclusions, trapping them within the structure of the stone.
Aventurine is found in various parts of the world, including India, Brazil, and the United States. The green variety of aventurine, which is the most common, is often associated with the zodiac sign Virgo. Other colors, such as red, blue, and yellow, are also found but are less common.
Sardonyx
Sardonyx is a type of chalcedony that consists of alternating bands of sard (a reddish-brown chalcedony) and onyx (a black chalcedony). The formation of sardonyx occurs when silica-rich solutions infiltrate sedimentary rock layers, where they gradually solidify into the gemstone. The distinct banding is a result of variations in the composition of the solutions as they deposit over time.
Sardonyx is found in various parts of the world, including India, Brazil, and the United States. India is one of the largest producers of sardonyx, with deposits in the state of Gujarat. The stone is also found in the Czech Republic and the United Kingdom.
Agate
Agate is a microcrystalline variety of quartz that is found in a wide range of colors and patterns. The formation of agate occurs when silica-rich solutions infiltrate the cavities of volcanic rocks, where they gradually solidify into the gemstone. The colors and patterns of agate are the result of impurities and variations in the composition of the solutions.
Agate is found in various parts of the world, including Brazil, Mexico, and the United States. Brazil is one of the largest producers of agate, with deposits in the state of Rio Grande do Sul. The stone is also found in the Czech Republic and the United Kingdom.
Zircon
Zircon is a silicate mineral that is found in a wide range of colors, including blue, green, red, and brown. The formation of zircon occurs in igneous and metamorphic rocks, where it is formed from the crystallization of zirconium-rich solutions. The blue variety of zircon is the most common and is often associated with September in ancient Hindu traditions.
Zircon is found in various parts of the world, including Cambodia, Thailand, and Brazil. Cambodia is one of the largest producers of zircon, with deposits in the country's central highlands. The stone is also found in Australia and the United States.
Gemological Properties
The gemological properties of a stone determine its durability, appearance, and suitability for use in jewelry. Each of the alternative September birthstones has unique characteristics that make them distinct from one another.
Lapis Lazuli
Lapis lazuli has a hardness of 5 to 6 on the Mohs scale, making it relatively soft compared to other gemstones. It is composed of three minerals—lazurite, calcite, and pyrite—which contribute to its deep blue color and distinctive flecks. The stone is sensitive to heat, light, and chemicals, so it should be handled with care.
Lapis lazuli is typically opaque or semi-transparent and is often polished to a high luster. The most valuable specimens contain a deep blue color, high-quality pyrite inclusions, and minimal calcite. The stone is commonly used in jewelry, decorative objects, and ornamental carvings.
Carnelian
Carnelian has a hardness of 6.5 to 7 on the Mohs scale, making it relatively durable. It is a translucent to opaque stone with a waxy to greasy luster. The stone is sensitive to heat and light, so it should be stored in a cool, dark place.
Carnelian is commonly used in jewelry, particularly in rings, pendants, and bracelets. It is also used in cameos and seals due to its ability to take a fine polish. The stone is often dyed to enhance its color, though natural carnelian is highly prized.
Aventurine
Aventurine has a hardness of 6.5 to 7 on the Mohs scale, making it relatively durable. It is a translucent to opaque stone with a vitreous to greasy luster. The stone is sensitive to heat and light, so it should be stored in a cool, dark place.
Aventurine is commonly used in jewelry, particularly in pendants, earrings, and bracelets. It is also used in decorative objects and ornamental carvings. The green variety of aventurine is the most common, but other colors, such as red, blue, and yellow, are also found.
Sardonyx
Sardonyx has a hardness of 6.5 to 7 on the Mohs scale, making it relatively durable. It is a translucent to opaque stone with a waxy to greasy luster. The stone is sensitive to heat and light, so it should be stored in a cool, dark place.
Sardonyx is commonly used in jewelry, particularly in rings, pendants, and seals. It is also used in decorative objects and ornamental carvings. The stone is often carved into cameos and intaglios due to its ability to take a fine polish.
Agate
Agate has a hardness of 6.5 to 7 on the Mohs scale, making it relatively durable. It is a translucent to opaque stone with a vitreous to greasy luster. The stone is sensitive to heat and light, so it should be stored in a cool, dark place.
Agate is commonly used in jewelry, particularly in pendants, earrings, and bracelets. It is also used in decorative objects and ornamental carvings. The stone is often dyed to enhance its color, though natural agate is highly prized.
Zircon
Zircon has a hardness of 6.5 to 7.5 on the Mohs scale, making it relatively durable. It is a transparent to translucent stone with a vitreous luster. The stone is sensitive to heat and light, so it should be stored in a cool, dark place.
Zircon is commonly used in jewelry, particularly in rings, pendants, and earrings. The blue variety of zircon is the most common and is often associated with September in ancient Hindu traditions. The stone is also used in decorative objects and ornamental carvings.
Symbolism and Metaphysical Beliefs
The symbolism and metaphysical beliefs associated with gemstones have played a significant role in their use throughout history. Each of the alternative September birthstones carries its own unique meaning and is believed to possess specific properties that can benefit the wearer.
Lapis Lazuli
Lapis lazuli is associated with wisdom, truth, and spiritual insight. It is believed to enhance mental clarity and promote self-awareness. The stone is also thought to be a powerful tool for communication, helping the wearer to express their thoughts and ideas more effectively.
Lapis lazuli is also associated with protection and is believed to ward off negative energies. It is considered a stone of the sky and is often used in meditation to connect with higher realms of consciousness. The stone is also believed to promote inner peace and serenity, making it a valuable tool for those seeking balance and harmony.
Carnelian
Carnelian is associated with vitality, courage, and confidence. It is believed to enhance energy levels and promote a sense of optimism and motivation. The stone is also thought to be a powerful tool for protection, helping the wearer to stay grounded and focused.
Carnelian is also associated with fertility and is believed to enhance creativity and passion. It is considered a stone of the sun and is often used in rituals and ceremonies to bring warmth and light into one's life. The stone is also believed to promote healing and is often used in therapeutic settings to support physical and emotional well-being.
Aventurine
Aventurine is associated with abundance, creativity, and emotional balance. It is believed to enhance creativity and promote a sense of connection to the divine. The stone is also thought to be a powerful tool for emotional healing, helping the wearer to release negative emotions and find inner peace.
Aventurine is also associated with prosperity and is believed to attract good fortune and opportunities. It is considered a stone of the earth and is often used in grounding rituals to help the wearer stay connected to their roots. The stone is also believed to promote self-expression and is often used in therapeutic settings to support personal growth and development.
Sardonyx
Sardonyx is associated with protection, confidence, and optimism. It is believed to enhance courage and promote a sense of security and stability. The stone is also thought to be a powerful tool for protection, helping the wearer to stay grounded and focused.
Sardonyx is also associated with clarity and is believed to enhance mental clarity and promote self-awareness. It is considered a stone of the sun and is often used in rituals and ceremonies to bring warmth and light into one's life. The stone is also believed to promote healing and is often used in therapeutic settings to support physical and emotional well-being.
Agate
Agate is associated with stability, balance, and emotional healing. It is believed to enhance emotional stability and promote a sense of calm and serenity. The stone is also thought to be a powerful tool for protection, helping the wearer to stay grounded and focused.
Agate is also associated with healing and is believed to promote physical and emotional well-being. It is considered a stone of the earth and is often used in grounding rituals to help the wearer stay connected to their roots. The stone is also believed to promote self-expression and is often used in therapeutic settings to support personal growth and development.
Zircon
Zircon is associated with peace, inner joy, and spiritual growth. It is believed to enhance inner peace and promote a sense of harmony and balance. The stone is also thought to be a powerful tool for spiritual growth, helping the wearer to connect with higher realms of consciousness.
Zircon is also associated with prosperity and is believed to attract good fortune and opportunities. It is considered a stone of the stars and is often used in meditation to connect with the cosmos. The stone is also believed to promote emotional healing and is often used in therapeutic settings to support personal growth and development.
Care and Cleaning
Proper care and cleaning are essential for maintaining the beauty and longevity of gemstones. Each of the alternative September birthstones requires specific care due to their unique properties and sensitivities.
Lapis Lazuli
Lapis lazuli is a relatively soft gemstone with a hardness of 5 to 6 on the Mohs scale. It is sensitive to heat, light, and chemicals, so it should be handled with care. To clean lapis lazuli, use a soft cloth and mild soap and water. Avoid using harsh chemicals, ultrasonic cleaners, or steam cleaners, as these can damage the stone.
Lapis lazuli should be stored in a cool, dark place to prevent fading and discoloration. It is also important to avoid exposing the stone to high temperatures, as this can cause it to crack or lose its luster. When not in use, lapis lazuli should be wrapped in a soft cloth to protect it from scratches and abrasions.
Carnelian
Carnelian is a relatively durable gemstone with a hardness of 6.5 to 7 on the Mohs scale. It is sensitive to heat and light, so it should be stored in a cool, dark place. To clean carnelian, use a soft cloth and mild soap and water. Avoid using harsh chemicals, ultrasonic cleaners, or steam cleaners, as these can damage the stone.
Carnelian should be stored in a cool, dark place to prevent fading and discoloration. It is also important to avoid exposing the stone to high temperatures, as this can cause it to crack or lose its luster. When not in use, carnelian should be wrapped in a soft cloth to protect it from scratches and abrasions.
Aventurine
Aventurine is a relatively durable gemstone with a hardness of 6.5 to 7 on the Mohs scale. It is sensitive to heat and light, so it should be stored in a cool, dark place. To clean aventurine, use a soft cloth and mild soap and water. Avoid using harsh chemicals, ultrasonic cleaners, or steam cleaners, as these can damage the stone.
Aventurine should be stored in a cool, dark place to prevent fading and discoloration. It is also important to avoid exposing the stone to high temperatures, as this can cause it to crack or lose its luster. When not in use, aventurine should be wrapped in a soft cloth to protect it from scratches and abrasions.
Sardonyx
Sardonyx is a relatively durable gemstone with a hardness of 6.5 to 7 on the Mohs scale. It is sensitive to heat and light, so it should be stored in a cool, dark place. To clean sardonyx, use a soft cloth and mild soap and water. Avoid using harsh chemicals, ultrasonic cleaners, or steam cleaners, as these can damage the stone.
Sardonyx should be stored in a cool, dark place to prevent fading and discoloration. It is also important to avoid exposing the stone to high temperatures, as this can cause it to crack or lose its luster. When not in use, sardonyx should be wrapped in a soft cloth to protect it from scratches and abrasions.
Agate
Agate is a relatively durable gemstone with a hardness of 6.5 to 7 on the Mohs scale. It is sensitive to heat and light, so it should be stored in a cool, dark place. To clean agate, use a soft cloth and mild soap and water. Avoid using harsh chemicals, ultrasonic cleaners, or steam cleaners, as these can damage the stone.
Agate should be stored in a cool, dark place to prevent fading and discoloration. It is also important to avoid exposing the stone to high temperatures, as this can cause it to crack or lose its luster. When not in use, agate should be wrapped in a soft cloth to protect it from scratches and abrasions.
Zircon
Zircon is a relatively durable gemstone with a hardness of 6.5 to 7.5 on the Mohs scale. It is sensitive to heat and light, so it should be stored in a cool, dark place. To clean zircon, use a soft cloth and mild soap and water. Avoid using harsh chemicals, ultrasonic cleaners, or steam cleaners, as these can damage the stone.
Zircon should be stored in a cool, dark place to prevent fading and discoloration. It is also important to avoid exposing the stone to high temperatures, as this can cause it to crack or lose its luster. When not in use, zircon should be wrapped in a soft cloth to protect it from scratches and abrasions.
Conclusion
September is a month rich in symbolism and tradition, and the alternative birthstones associated with it reflect the diverse cultural and historical influences that have shaped the practice of birthstones over time. Lapis lazuli, carnelian, aventurine, sardonyx, agate, and zircon each carry their own unique properties and meanings, making them valuable additions to the world of gemology and jewelry.
Understanding the geological formation, gemological properties, and cultural significance of these stones provides a deeper appreciation for their beauty and value. Whether used in jewelry, decorative objects, or ornamental carvings, these gemstones continue to inspire and captivate those who admire their unique qualities.
For those born in September, the choice of a birthstone is not limited to a single gemstone. Each of these alternative stones offers its own distinct characteristics and meanings, allowing individuals to choose a gemstone that resonates with their personal preferences and beliefs. Whether it is the deep blue of lapis lazuli, the warm red of carnelian, or the shimmering green of aventurine, each stone carries a unique story and significance.
In the world of gemology, the study of birthstones is a fascinating journey that connects us to the past while enriching our understanding of the present. The alternative September birthstones are a testament to the enduring legacy of gemstones and their role in human culture and history.