December, the last month of the year, is marked by the cold of winter and the anticipation of new beginnings. For those born during this month, the tradition of birthstones and birth flowers offers a unique way to connect with their symbolic and historical roots. December is associated with four distinct gemstones—Turquoise, Tanzanite, Blue Zircon, and Blue Topaz—and two floral symbols—Narcissus and Holly—each carrying its own cultural and spiritual significance.
This article explores the gemological properties, historical context, cultural symbolism, and care instructions for December’s birthstones, as well as the meaning and uses of December’s birth flowers. Whether you are a gemstone enthusiast, a jewelry buyer, or someone curious about the traditions behind birthstones and flowers, this guide provides a comprehensive look into the rich heritage of December’s symbolic gifts.
History and Lore of December’s Birthstones
The concept of birthstones is ancient, with roots in biblical and cultural traditions. The earliest known reference to birthstones comes from the Breastplate of Aaron in the Book of Exodus, which lists twelve gemstones representing the twelve tribes of Israel. Over time, these stones were associated with the months of the year, forming the basis for the modern birthstone calendar.
December’s birthstones have a fascinating history. Turquoise, one of the oldest known gemstones, has been revered for millennia across cultures, from the ancient Egyptians to the Native Americans. Tanzanite, in contrast, is a relatively new discovery, found in Tanzania in 1967 and quickly becoming a symbol of transformation and spiritual growth. Blue Zircon and Blue Topaz, though less commonly recognized, are also officially listed as December birthstones, each bringing its own unique beauty and meaning.
Turquoise: The Stone of Protection and Wisdom
Turquoise is one of the oldest known gemstones, with a history that dates back thousands of years. In ancient Egypt, it was used to adorn the mummies of pharaohs, believed to provide protection in the afterlife. Native American cultures also held turquoise in high regard, using it for ceremonial purposes and as a symbol of healing and spiritual connection.
The name "turquoise" comes from the French word pierre turquoise, meaning "Turkish stone," as the gem was once brought to Europe through Turkey. It is a hydrated phosphate of aluminum and copper, with the chemical formula Al₂(Cu,Al)₆(PO₄)₄(OH)₈·4H₂O. Its color ranges from deep blue to greenish blue, depending on the presence of copper and iron.
In December, turquoise is celebrated as a symbol of calm, wisdom, and protection. It is often associated with the throat chakra in metaphysical practices, believed to enhance communication and self-expression.
Tanzanite: A Modern Discovery with Ancient Qualities
Tanzanite is a relatively new gemstone in the world of jewelry, first discovered in Tanzania in 1967 by a British geologist, Manuel D. emmer. This gemstone is a variety of the mineral zoisite and is known for its striking violet-blue color. Its name is derived from its country of origin, Tanzania.
Tanzanite is unique in that it exhibits pleochroism, meaning it can display different colors when viewed from different angles. This property makes each tanzanite gemstone one of a kind. It is believed to promote transformation and spiritual growth, making it a popular choice for those seeking personal development or inner change.
Unlike turquoise, which has been known for centuries, tanzanite is a relatively recent addition to the birthstone calendar. Its rarity and beauty have made it a sought-after gemstone, often featured in high-end jewelry collections.
Blue Zircon and Blue Topaz: Durable and Affordable Blue Stones
While turquoise and tanzanite are often the most recognized December birthstones, blue zircon and blue topaz are also officially listed. These gemstones offer a more affordable and durable alternative for those looking to incorporate December’s colors into their jewelry.
Blue zircon, a silicate mineral, is known for its brilliance and fire. It is often treated to enhance its blue color and is prized for its affordability and durability. Blue topaz, on the other hand, is a popular modern birthstone for December. It is a silicate mineral composed of aluminum and fluorine, with the chemical formula Al₂SiO₄(F,OH)₄. Blue topaz is typically colorless in its natural state and is irradiated to produce its beautiful blue hues.
These gemstones are not only visually appealing but also practical for everyday wear. Their durability and affordability make them excellent choices for rings, earrings, and other jewelry pieces.
Geological Formation and Sources
Understanding the geological processes that create these gemstones provides insight into their rarity and beauty. Each of December’s birthstones forms under specific conditions, often in unique locations around the world.
Turquoise: A Product of Arid Environments
Turquoise forms in arid environments where copper-rich solutions from weathered rock deposits mix with phosphorus-bearing materials. This process typically occurs in the oxidized zone of copper deposits, where water percolates through the rock and deposits the necessary minerals. The most famous sources of turquoise include:
- Iran (Persia): Known for its high-quality turquoise since antiquity.
- Mexico: A major source of turquoise, particularly from the state of Sonora.
- United States: Arizona, Nevada, and New Mexico are well-known for producing high-quality turquoise.
Turquoise is relatively soft, with a hardness of 5 to 6 on the Mohs scale, making it more susceptible to scratches and damage. It is also porous, so it requires careful handling and cleaning.
Tanzanite: A One-of-a-Kind Stone from Tanzania
Tanzanite is unique in that it is found only in Tanzania, specifically in the Merelani Hills of the Simanjiro region. This gemstone is formed under high-pressure and high-temperature conditions, where the mineral zoisite undergoes a transformation that results in its distinctive violet-blue color.
Tanzanite is a relatively new gemstone, and its discovery in 1967 was considered a significant event in the gemstone industry. Its limited geographic source and the rarity of its color make it one of the most sought-after gemstones in the world.
Tanzanite has a hardness of 6 to 7 on the Mohs scale, making it suitable for jewelry but still requiring care to avoid damage from hard knocks or abrasive surfaces.
Blue Zircon and Blue Topaz: Diverse Sources and Treatments
Blue zircon is found in various locations around the world, including:
- Australia
- Brazil
- India
- Madagascar
Zircon is a versatile gemstone that can be found in a range of colors, but the blue variety is particularly popular. It is often heat-treated to enhance its color, which gives it a more vibrant blue appearance.
Blue topaz is found in several countries, including:
- Brazil
- United States (especially Colorado)
- Russia
- Myanmar
Most blue topaz on the market is colorless in its natural state and is treated through irradiation or heat to produce its beautiful blue hues. The most popular varieties include:
- London Blue: A deep, inky blue color.
- Swiss Blue: A bright, medium blue.
- Sky Blue: A light, aqua-like blue.
Blue topaz is a durable gemstone with a hardness of 8 on the Mohs scale, making it ideal for everyday jewelry.
Gemological Properties of December’s Birthstones
Understanding the gemological properties of December’s birthstones helps in identifying, caring for, and appreciating these gems. Each of these stones has unique characteristics that make them stand out in the world of gemology.
Turquoise: A Soft, Porous Gemstone
Turquoise is a relatively soft gemstone, with a hardness of 5 to 6 on the Mohs scale. This means it is more prone to scratches and abrasions compared to harder gemstones like diamonds or sapphires. It is also porous, which allows it to absorb oils and other substances, making it important to clean and store it carefully.
Turquoise has a waxy to greasy luster and is often found in a range of colors from deep blue to greenish blue. Its chemical composition is Al₂(Cu,Al)₆(PO₄)₄(OH)₈·4H₂O, and it is often stabilized with resins to enhance its durability.
Tanzanite: A Pleochroic and Rare Gemstone
Tanzanite is a pleochroic gemstone, meaning it can display different colors when viewed from different angles. This property is due to the way light interacts with the crystal structure of the stone. Tanzanite is typically violet-blue in color, but it can also show shades of purple and red.
It has a hardness of 6 to 7 on the Mohs scale, making it suitable for jewelry but still requiring care to avoid damage. Tanzanite has a refractive index of 1.69 to 1.70 and is often cut in a step or emerald style to enhance its color and clarity.
Blue Zircon and Blue Topaz: Durable and Affordable Options
Blue zircon is a silicate mineral with a hardness of 6 to 7.5 on the Mohs scale. It is often heat-treated to enhance its color and is known for its brilliance and fire. Blue zircon is a popular alternative to blue topaz, especially for those looking for a more affordable option.
Blue topaz is a silicate mineral composed of aluminum and fluorine, with a hardness of 8 on the Mohs scale. It is typically colorless in its natural state and is irradiated or heat-treated to produce its beautiful blue hues. Blue topaz is a durable gemstone that is ideal for everyday wear.
Symbolism and Metaphysical Beliefs
December’s birthstones and flowers are not only visually appealing but also carry deep symbolic and metaphysical meanings. These meanings have been passed down through generations and continue to influence the way people choose and wear these gemstones and flowers.
Turquoise: A Symbol of Protection and Wisdom
In many cultures, turquoise is considered a protective stone. It is believed to ward off negative energy and provide spiritual protection. In ancient Egypt, turquoise was used to adorn the mummies of pharaohs, symbolizing life and immortality. In Native American traditions, turquoise is used in ceremonies and is believed to promote healing and spiritual connection.
Metaphysically, turquoise is associated with the throat chakra, which governs communication and self-expression. It is believed to enhance these abilities, helping individuals speak their truth and communicate more effectively.
Tanzanite: A Stone of Transformation and Spiritual Growth
Tanzanite is a powerful stone for transformation and spiritual growth. It is believed to open the mind to new possibilities and ideas, making it a popular choice for those seeking personal development. Tanzanite is also associated with the heart and third eye chakras, which govern love, compassion, and intuition.
In metaphysical practices, tanzanite is used to promote emotional healing and to help individuals let go of old patterns and beliefs. It is also believed to enhance creativity and imagination, making it a valuable tool for artists and writers.
Blue Zircon and Blue Topaz: Symbols of Clarity and Renewal
Blue zircon and blue topaz are both associated with clarity and renewal. Blue zircon is believed to enhance mental clarity and to help individuals focus on their goals. It is also thought to promote optimism and a positive outlook on life.
Blue topaz is a symbol of renewal and fresh beginnings. It is often used to help individuals move forward after a difficult period and to embrace new opportunities. It is also believed to promote calmness and serenity, making it an excellent stone for meditation and relaxation.
Narcissus and Holly: Floral Symbols of Hope and Protection
December’s birth flowers—Narcissus and Holly—also carry their own symbolic meanings. Narcissus is a symbol of hope and new beginnings. It is often associated with the idea of renewal and is a popular flower for winter gardens and holiday decorations.
Holly is a symbol of protection and resilience. Its red berries and sharp leaves have been associated with strength and endurance. In Christian tradition, holly is also a symbol of the crown of thorns worn by Jesus and is used in Christmas decorations to represent the coming of the new year.
Care and Cleaning for December’s Birthstones
Proper care and cleaning are essential to maintaining the beauty and longevity of December’s birthstones. Each gemstone has specific care requirements due to its unique properties and hardness.
Turquoise: Gentle and Frequent Cleaning
Turquoise is a soft and porous gemstone that requires gentle handling and frequent cleaning. It should be cleaned with a soft cloth and mild soap and water. Avoid using harsh chemicals or abrasive materials, as these can damage the stone.
Turquoise should be stored in a dry place, away from direct sunlight and other gemstones that could scratch it. Because it is porous, it should not be exposed to oils, lotions, or perfumes, as these can stain the stone.
Tanzanite: Avoid Heat and Abrasive Materials
Tanzanite should be cleaned with a soft cloth and mild soap and water. Avoid using ultrasonic or steam cleaners, as these can damage the stone. Tanzanite is sensitive to heat and should not be exposed to high temperatures, as this can cause it to lose its color.
Tanzanite should be stored in a soft pouch or jewelry box to prevent scratches. It should also be kept away from other gemstones that could cause damage.
Blue Zircon and Blue Topaz: Durable and Easy to Care For
Blue zircon and blue topaz are more durable than turquoise and tanzanite and require less frequent cleaning. They can be cleaned with a soft cloth and mild soap and water. Both gemstones can also be cleaned with ultrasonic or steam cleaners, making them convenient choices for everyday jewelry.
Blue zircon and blue topaz should be stored in a dry place, away from direct sunlight and other gemstones that could scratch them. These gemstones are more resistant to damage and can be worn daily with minimal care.
Conclusion
December’s birthstones and flowers are more than just beautiful symbols; they carry deep historical, cultural, and spiritual significance. From the ancient allure of turquoise to the modern elegance of tanzanite, these gemstones and flowers offer a rich tapestry of meaning and tradition.
Whether you are drawn to the protective qualities of turquoise, the transformative energy of tanzanite, or the hopeful symbolism of narcissus and holly, December’s birthstones and flowers provide a meaningful way to connect with your heritage and celebrate the arrival of a new year.
By understanding the gemological properties, historical context, and care requirements of these stones and flowers, you can appreciate their beauty and significance in a more profound way. Whether you are a collector, a jewelry wearer, or simply curious about the traditions behind birthstones and flowers, December’s symbols offer a fascinating glimpse into the world of gemology and botany.