The allure of birthstone jewelry lies in its deep cultural roots, scientific intrigue, and aesthetic appeal. For December and June, the birthstone rings offer a unique window into the world of gemology, showcasing stones with rich histories, varied sources, and distinct physical properties. This article explores the December birthstones—blue topaz, tanzanite, blue zircon, and turquoise—and the June birthstones—alexandrite and pearl—detailing their historical significance, gemological characteristics, and the practical considerations for selecting and caring for jewelry featuring these gems.
Introduction
December and June are months with multiple birthstone options, each with its own charm and significance. December has four recognized birthstones: blue topaz, tanzanite, blue zircon, and turquoise. June has two: alexandrite and pearl. These stones have evolved in popularity over time, with some, like tanzanite, being relatively new additions to the birthstone list. The rings featuring these gems reflect not only the beauty of the stones themselves but also the craftsmanship and design sensibilities of jewelers.
This article delves into the history and cultural lore surrounding these stones, their geological formation and sources, their gemological properties, and practical tips for care and maintenance. It also highlights how jewelers have incorporated these birthstones into modern and vintage designs, providing insight into the choices available for those seeking a December or June birthstone ring.
History and Lore
December Birthstones
December’s birthstones—blue topaz, tanzanite, blue zircon, and turquoise—each have unique historical backgrounds. Blue topaz has been known for centuries, with its popularity growing in the 20th century due to advancements in color enhancement. Tanzanite, by contrast, is a relatively new discovery, first mined in the 1960s in Tanzania. Blue zircon, often mistaken for cubic zirconia, is a natural gemstone that has been prized for its brilliance and range of colors. Turquoise, one of the oldest known gemstones, has been used for thousands of years in jewelry and decorative objects, particularly in cultures from the Middle East and the Americas.
The modern concept of birthstones is believed to have originated in the Bible, where the breastplate of Aaron was adorned with twelve gems representing the twelve tribes of Israel. However, the exact identification of these stones remains a topic of debate among scholars. The tradition of associating gems with months of the year gained more popularity in the 20th century, particularly in the United States, where jewelers began promoting specific stones for each month.
June Birthstones
June’s birthstones—alexandrite and pearl—are both steeped in history and legend. Alexandrite was discovered in the early 19th century in Russia and was named after Tsar Alexander II. It was initially considered a rare and precious gemstone, with a price that rivaled that of diamonds. Its color-changing property, known as the alexandrite effect, made it a marvel among gem enthusiasts. Pearls, on the other hand, have been cherished for millennia, with evidence of their use in jewelry dating back to ancient Egypt, China, and Rome. Pearls were once considered symbols of wealth and purity, and they continue to be associated with elegance and sophistication.
Geological Formation and Sources
December Birthstones
Blue Topaz
Blue topaz is a color-treated form of topaz, a silicate mineral composed of aluminum and fluorine. Natural blue topaz is rare, so most blue topaz available in the market today is irradiated or heat-treated to achieve its blue color. The treatment enhances the existing blue tones and can result in a range of colors from light sky blue to deep London blue. Topaz is typically found in igneous rocks and is mined in various parts of the world, including Brazil, Mexico, and the United States.
Tanzanite
Tanzanite is a type of zoisite that is found only in Tanzania. It was discovered in the 1960s and quickly gained popularity due to its striking violet-blue color. The gemstone is heat-treated to enhance its color, as the natural stone tends to be brown or green. Tanzanite is relatively rare, with all known deposits located in the Merelani Hills of Tanzania.
Blue Zircon
Blue zircon is a natural gemstone that is found in various parts of the world, including Australia, Brazil, and Thailand. Zircon is a zirconium silicate that can occur in a range of colors, but blue is the most popular for jewelry. The blue color is typically achieved through heat treatment, which enhances the natural color of the stone. Zircon has a high refractive index and dispersion, giving it a brilliant sparkle that is often compared to diamonds.
Turquoise
Turquoise is a hydrated phosphate of aluminum and copper. It is formed in arid regions where copper deposits have been exposed to the weathering of overlying rocks. The stone gets its name from the French word for Turkey, as it was historically imported into Europe through the country. Turquoise is primarily mined in the southwestern United States, Iran, and China. The presence of veins and matrix patterns in turquoise gives each stone a unique appearance.
June Birthstones
Alexandrite
Alexandrite is a variety of chrysoberyl, a mineral composed of beryllium and aluminum. It is known for its color-changing property, which is caused by the presence of chromium. The stone appears green in daylight and red or purplish under incandescent light. Alexandrite is primarily found in Brazil, India, and Sri Lanka. The original Russian deposits, where it was first discovered, have been largely depleted.
Pearl
Pearls are formed within the soft tissue of mollusks, such as oysters and mussels. When an irritant, such as a grain of sand, enters the mollusk, it secretes layers of nacre around the irritant to protect itself. Over time, these layers form a pearl. Natural pearls are rare, and most pearls available in the market today are cultured, meaning they are produced with human intervention. Cultured pearls are primarily produced in Japan, China, and the Philippines.
Gemological Properties
December Birthstones
Blue Topaz
- Color: Blue (ranging from light to deep)
- Clarity: Generally clear to slightly included
- Hardness: 8 on the Mohs scale
- Refractive Index: 1.62 to 1.63
- Luster: Vitreous
- Cut: Round, oval, cushion, and princess cuts are common
- Carat Weight: Available in a wide range of sizes
Tanzanite
- Color: Violet-blue to purplish-blue
- Clarity: Generally included
- Hardness: 6 to 7 on the Mohs scale
- Refractive Index: 1.69 to 1.70
- Luster: Vitreous
- Cut: Oval, cushion, and emerald cuts are popular
- Carat Weight: Available in a wide range of sizes
Blue Zircon
- Color: Blue (often enhanced by heat treatment)
- Clarity: Generally clear
- Hardness: 7.5 on the Mohs scale
- Refractive Index: 1.92 to 2.00
- Luster: Vitreous
- Cut: Round, oval, and princess cuts are common
- Carat Weight: Available in a wide range of sizes
Turquoise
- Color: Blue-green to green
- Clarity: Often opaque with matrix patterns
- Hardness: 5 to 6 on the Mohs scale
- Refractive Index: 1.61 to 1.63
- Luster: Waxy to dull
- Cut: Cabochon, beads, and inlays are common
- Carat Weight: Available in a wide range of sizes
June Birthstones
Alexandrite
- Color: Green in daylight, red or purplish under incandescent light
- Clarity: Generally included
- Hardness: 8.5 on the Mohs scale
- Refractive Index: 1.74 to 1.75
- Luster: Vitreous
- Cut: Oval, cushion, and emerald cuts are common
- Carat Weight: Available in a wide range of sizes
Pearl
- Color: White, cream, pink, and black
- Clarity: Varies depending on the type of pearl
- Hardness: 2.5 to 4.5 on the Mohs scale
- Luster: Waxy to pearly
- Cut: Round, baroque, and other natural shapes
- Carat Weight: Available in a wide range of sizes
Symbolism and Metaphysical Beliefs
December Birthstones
December’s birthstones have been associated with various symbolic meanings and metaphysical properties. Blue topaz is believed to promote calmness and emotional balance. It is also associated with wisdom and protection. Tanzanite is thought to enhance spiritual awareness and emotional healing. It is often used in meditation and spiritual practices. Blue zircon is believed to bring good luck and happiness, and it is associated with prosperity and success. Turquoise is one of the oldest known gemstones to be used for its healing properties. It is believed to bring protection, especially in battle, and to promote health and well-being.
June Birthstones
June’s birthstones also carry rich symbolic meanings. Alexandrite is often associated with transformation and adaptability. It is believed to bring balance and harmony to the wearer. The color-changing property of alexandrite is said to represent the duality of life and the ability to navigate change with grace. Pearls are associated with purity, innocence, and wisdom. They are often given as gifts to mark significant life events, such as weddings and births. Pearls are also believed to bring calm and serenity to the wearer.
Care and Cleaning
December Birthstones
Blue Topaz
- Cleaning: Blue topaz can be cleaned with warm, soapy water and a soft cloth. Ultrasonic and steam cleaners are generally safe, but care should be taken if the stone has been treated with fractures or inclusions.
- Storage: Store blue topaz separately from harder gemstones to avoid scratches.
- Avoid: Prolonged exposure to direct sunlight may cause the color to fade in untreated stones.
Tanzanite
- Cleaning: Tanzanite should be cleaned with warm, soapy water and a soft cloth. Avoid using ultrasonic cleaners, as they may cause damage to the stone.
- Storage: Store tanzanite separately from harder gemstones to avoid scratches.
- Avoid: Prolonged exposure to heat or light may affect the color of the stone.
Blue Zircon
- Cleaning: Blue zircon can be cleaned with warm, soapy water and a soft cloth. Avoid using ultrasonic or steam cleaners, as they may cause damage.
- Storage: Store blue zircon separately from harder gemstones to avoid scratches.
- Avoid: Exposure to harsh chemicals and prolonged heat.
Turquoise
- Cleaning: Turquoise should be cleaned gently with a damp cloth. Avoid using ultrasonic or steam cleaners, as they may cause damage.
- Storage: Store turquoise away from direct sunlight and moisture.
- Avoid: Exposure to harsh chemicals and prolonged dryness.
June Birthstones
Alexandrite
- Cleaning: Alexandrite can be cleaned with warm, soapy water and a soft cloth. Avoid using ultrasonic or steam cleaners, as they may cause damage.
- Storage: Store alexandrite separately from harder gemstones to avoid scratches.
- Avoid: Exposure to harsh chemicals and prolonged heat.
Pearl
- Cleaning: Pearls should be cleaned with a soft cloth and lukewarm water. Avoid using harsh chemicals or abrasive materials.
- Storage: Store pearls separately from other gemstones to avoid scratches.
- Avoid: Exposure to perfumes, lotions, and harsh chemicals.
Conclusion
December and June birthstone rings offer a fascinating blend of history, science, and artistry. From the vibrant blue of blue topaz and tanzanite to the mystical color-changing effect of alexandrite and the timeless elegance of pearls, these stones continue to captivate gemstone enthusiasts and jewelry lovers alike. Understanding their properties, sources, and care requirements allows collectors and consumers to appreciate these gems in their full glory and ensure their longevity.
Whether you are considering a December or June birthstone ring for yourself or as a meaningful gift, the choice of gemstone reflects not only personal taste but also a deep connection to centuries of tradition and beauty. As these stones continue to evolve in popularity and design, they remain enduring symbols of individuality, heritage, and the artistry of gemstone jewelry.