December 27th is marked by a unique trio of gemstones that serve as birthstones for those born on this day: Tanzanite, Turquoise, and Zircon. These gems, each with distinct characteristics and histories, embody the essence of December and its rich tapestry of meanings. This article delves into the origins, properties, and cultural significance of these gemstones, offering a comprehensive overview for gemstone enthusiasts, jewelry buyers, and students of gemology.
Introduction
The birthstones for December 27th—Tanzanite, Turquoise, and Zircon—are more than just beautiful gems; they carry with them centuries of history and symbolism. Each gemstone has its own unique story, from their geological formation to their cultural significance across various civilizations. Tanzanite, with its enchanting blue and purple hues, is a relatively modern discovery. Turquoise, on the other hand, has been cherished for millennia, while Zircon offers a dazzling array of colors and a fascinating history of its own. This article will explore the historical context, gemological properties, and the metaphysical beliefs associated with these gemstones, providing a detailed insight into their significance as birthstones.
History and Lore
Tanzanite
Tanzanite was discovered in 1967 in Tanzania, a country from which it derives its name. This gemstone is a variety of the mineral zoisite and is renowned for its vibrant blue and purple colors. The discovery of tanzanite is relatively recent compared to other gemstones, and its popularity has grown rapidly since its introduction to the market. Tanzanite is believed to enhance natural qualities and provide protection, guidance, and positive energy to those who wear it. It is often associated with success, making it a fitting birthstone for December 27th.
Turquoise
Turquoise has been revered for thousands of years, with its history dating back to ancient civilizations. This gemstone has been found in Persia and along the Sinai Peninsula, and it made its way to Europe through the gem markets of Constantinople, Turkey. Turquoise was highly valued by ancient Egyptians, who used it in amulets and jewelry, believing it to offer protection against danger and to bring good fortune. In ancient Egypt, turquoise was also considered a symbol of life and vitality.
In other cultures, turquoise held significant meaning as well. The Tibetans believed it to be a gemstone of fortune, health, and success, often using it as a form of currency. Native Americans of the Southwest associated turquoise with youth and strength, and it was believed to preserve friendships when given as a gift. The Incas and Mayas also held turquoise in high regard, offering it as a gift to their gods.
Zircon
Zircon has a rich history that spans across various cultures and time periods. The name "zircon" comes from the Arabic word for jewel, and it has been known for its brilliance that resembles that of a diamond. Zircon is available in a variety of colors, with the colorless variety being referred to as "jargoon" or "jacinth." In the Middle Ages, physicians wore zircon on their left fingers, believing it helped in making accurate diagnoses. It was also used as an amulet against the Black Death in Europe.
Zircon was considered a powerful gemstone for its ability to ward off evil spirits. In India, it was believed that zircon had greater potency when set in gold. Today, zircon is found in various locations around the world, including Australia, South Africa, Sri Lanka, and India. Its versatility and beauty have made it a popular choice for jewelry, especially as an alternative to diamonds.
Geological Formation and Sources
Tanzanite
Tanzanite is a relatively rare gemstone, found only in the Merelani Hills of Tanzania. It is formed from the mineral zoisite, which undergoes a transformation under specific geological conditions. The presence of vanadium in the mineral composition of tanzanite is responsible for its striking blue and purple colors. The unique geological conditions in Tanzania have resulted in the formation of this gemstone, making it one of the most exclusive birthstones.
Turquoise
Turquoise is a hydrated phosphate of aluminum and copper, and it is formed in the oxidized zone of copper deposits. It is typically found in arid regions, where it forms through the alteration of copper minerals. The most significant sources of turquoise include Persia (now Iran), the Sinai Peninsula, and various parts of the United States, particularly in the Southwestern region. The gemstone's color can vary from a deep blue to a greenish hue, depending on the amount of copper and iron present in the mineral.
Zircon
Zircon is a zirconium silicate that can be found in a variety of colors, including colorless, yellow, red, and blue. It is formed in igneous rocks and is often found in metamorphic rocks as well. The gemstone is found in several locations around the world, with Australia and South Africa being the primary sources. Zircon's formation is influenced by the presence of trace elements, which contribute to its diverse color palette. The gemstone's durability and brilliance make it a popular choice for jewelry, especially as a diamond simulant.
Gemological Properties
Tanzanite
Tanzanite has a unique set of gemological properties that contribute to its allure. It has a hardness of 6 to 6.5 on the Mohs scale, making it relatively soft compared to other gemstones. This means that it requires careful handling to avoid scratches and damage. Tanzanite is also known for its strong pleochroism, which means it displays different colors when viewed from different angles. This property is a result of the gemstone's crystal structure and the way light interacts with its internal composition.
The refractive index of tanzanite ranges from 1.69 to 1.70, contributing to its brilliance and sparkle. Its chemical formula is Ca₂Al₃(SiO₄)₃(OH) and it is often cut into various shapes to showcase its colors. Tanzanite's rarity and beauty make it a prized gemstone, especially for those born on December 27th.
Turquoise
Turquoise is a semi-translucent to opaque gemstone that ranges in color from blue to green. It has a hardness of 5 to 6 on the Mohs scale, making it relatively soft and susceptible to scratches. This means that it requires gentle care to maintain its appearance. Turquoise is often found with veins of matrix, which are remnants of the rock in which it formed, adding to its unique appearance.
The gemstone's refractive index ranges from 1.61 to 1.65, and it is often cut into cabochons to display its color and patterns. The chemical formula of turquoise is CuAl₆(PO₄)₄(OH)₈·4H₂O. Its distinct color and historical significance have made it a popular choice for jewelry and decorative objects.
Zircon
Zircon is a zirconium silicate that is found in various colors, including colorless, yellow, red, and blue. It has a hardness of 6 to 7.5 on the Mohs scale, making it a relatively durable gemstone. Zircon is known for its high refractive index, which ranges from 1.90 to 2.00, contributing to its brilliance and sparkle. This gemstone is also known for its strong dispersion, which means it can display a range of colors when light passes through it.
Zircon is often cut into various shapes to showcase its colors and brilliance. The chemical formula of zircon is ZrSiO₄. Its versatility and beauty have made it a popular choice for jewelry, especially as an alternative to diamonds.
Symbolism and Metaphysical Beliefs
Tanzanite
Tanzanite is associated with various metaphysical beliefs, including its ability to enhance natural qualities and provide protection, guidance, and positive energy. It is believed to promote emotional healing and spiritual growth, making it a popular choice for those seeking to enhance their well-being. Tanzanite is also associated with the throat chakra, which is linked to communication and self-expression.
Turquoise
Turquoise has long been associated with protection, health, and good fortune. It is believed to have the power to warn its wearer of approaching illness or danger by becoming pale. In many cultures, turquoise is considered a symbol of friendship and is often given as a gift to preserve relationships. It is also believed to bring vitality and longevity when combined with gold.
Zircon
Zircon is believed to have various metaphysical properties, including its ability to ward off evil spirits and protect against illness. It is also associated with clarity and focus, making it a popular choice for those seeking to enhance their mental acuity. Zircon is believed to promote healing and is often used in spiritual practices.
Care and Cleaning
Tanzanite
Tanzanite requires gentle care to maintain its beauty and durability. It should be cleaned with a soft cloth and mild soap and water. Avoid using harsh chemicals or ultrasonic cleaners, as they can damage the gemstone. Tanzanite should be stored separately from other gemstones to prevent scratches. It is also important to avoid exposing tanzanite to high heat, as it can cause the gemstone to lose its color.
Turquoise
Turquoise should be cleaned with a soft cloth and mild soap and water. It is important to avoid using harsh chemicals or ultrasonic cleaners, as they can damage the gemstone. Turquoise should be stored in a cool, dry place to prevent it from drying out and cracking. It is also important to avoid exposing turquoise to direct sunlight, as it can cause the gemstone to fade.
Zircon
Zircon can be cleaned with a soft cloth and mild soap and water. It is important to avoid using harsh chemicals or ultrasonic cleaners, as they can damage the gemstone. Zircon should be stored separately from other gemstones to prevent scratches. It is also important to avoid exposing zircon to high heat, as it can cause the gemstone to lose its color.
Conclusion
The birthstones for December 27th—Tanzanite, Turquoise, and Zircon—each possess unique qualities that make them significant in both gemological and cultural contexts. Tanzanite, with its enchanting colors and relatively recent discovery, has quickly become a popular choice for those born on this day. Turquoise, with its rich history and symbolic meanings, has been cherished for millennia across various civilizations. Zircon, known for its brilliance and versatility, offers a dazzling array of colors and a fascinating history. These gemstones not only serve as beautiful adornments but also carry with them centuries of lore and significance. Whether chosen for their beauty, symbolism, or historical importance, the December 27 birthstones continue to captivate and inspire those who wear them.