December birthstone rings hold a unique place in the world of gemology and jewelry. These rings are not only beautiful accessories but also carry deep historical, cultural, and symbolic significance. The three primary birthstones for December—turquoise, blue topaz, and tanzanite—each have their own distinct characteristics, geological origins, and meanings. This article delves into the properties, history, and symbolism of these gemstones, offering a comprehensive guide for gemstone enthusiasts, jewelry buyers, and students of gemology.
Introduction
December birthstone rings are a popular choice for those celebrating a December birthday or seeking to honor someone born in this month. The birthstones for December are turquoise, blue topaz, and tanzanite, each with its own allure and significance. These gemstones have been cherished for centuries, not only for their beauty but also for their perceived protective qualities and symbolic meanings. The rings featuring these stones come in a variety of designs, from simple and elegant to intricate and ornate, making them suitable for both everyday wear and special occasions.
This article will explore the history and lore of these gemstones, their geological formation and sources, their gemological properties, and the symbolism and metaphysical beliefs associated with them. Additionally, it will provide practical advice on how to care for and clean these gemstones to ensure their longevity and continued beauty.
History and Lore
The history of December birthstones is rich and varied, with each gemstone having its own unique journey through time. Turquoise, blue topaz, and tanzanite have all been revered in different cultures and eras, often associated with protection, healing, and spiritual significance.
Turquoise
Turquoise has been used as a gemstone for thousands of years, with its earliest known use dating back to ancient Egypt. The stone was highly valued by the Egyptians, who believed it had protective and healing properties. It was often used in amulets and jewelry to ward off evil and bring good fortune. One of the most famous examples of turquoise in ancient Egyptian culture is the funerary mask of King Tutankhamun, which features the gemstone prominently.
In Native American cultures, turquoise holds a special place in the spiritual and cultural practices of various tribes. The Apache believed that turquoise could be found at the end of a rainbow and that it could enhance the accuracy of a hunter's aim when attached to a bow or firearm. The Pueblo people associated turquoise with the sky, believing that the gemstone's color was derived from the heavens. The Hopi people, on the other hand, believed that turquoise was formed by lizards scurrying over the earth.
In European tradition, the gift of a turquoise ring symbolized "forget me not," a message of enduring love and remembrance. In Tibet, turquoise is considered a national treasure, believed to bring health, good fortune, and protection from evil. The gemstone also has a place in modern royalty, as seen in the famous amethyst and turquoise necklace worn by Wallis Simpson, the Duchess of Windsor.
Blue Topaz
Blue topaz has a more recent history compared to turquoise, but it has quickly gained popularity in the world of gemstones. It is often associated with tranquility and emotional stability. In ancient times, topaz was believed to have the power to dispel sadness, anger, and nocturnal fears. It was also thought to warn the wearer of poisons and protect them from sudden death.
In more modern times, blue topaz has become a popular choice for jewelry due to its brilliant clarity and soothing blue color. It is often used in rings, necklaces, and earrings, and is especially favored for its versatility in design. Blue topaz is also believed to have a calming effect on the mind and body, making it a popular choice for those seeking a sense of peace and balance.
Tanzanite
Tanzanite is the youngest of the three December birthstones, having been discovered in 1967 in Tanzania, Africa. It was found by the Masai people, who named the gemstone after the country where it was discovered. Tanzanite quickly became known as the "gemstone of the 20th century" due to its vibrant blue and purple hues, which are the result of a unique heat treatment process.
The gemstone is highly valued for its deep, rich color and its relative rarity, as it is found only in Tanzania. Tanzanite is also associated with new beginnings and is often given as a gift to celebrate new life or new opportunities. Its discovery and subsequent popularity have made it a symbol of the modern era, combining ancient beauty with contemporary appeal.
Geological Formation and Sources
Understanding the geological formation and sources of these gemstones provides insight into their rarity and value. Each of the December birthstones is formed under unique conditions, and their sources are often limited to specific regions of the world.
Turquoise
Turquoise is a hydrated phosphate of aluminum and copper, formed through the weathering of copper ore deposits. It is typically found in arid regions where the conditions are suitable for the formation of this gemstone. The most famous source of turquoise is the Nishapur district of Iran, where it has been mined for over 1,000 years. The intense blue turquoise from this region is known as "robin’s egg blue," "sky blue," or "Persian blue," and is highly prized in the gemstone trade.
Other notable sources of turquoise include the United States, particularly in the southwestern states of Arizona, New Mexico, and Nevada. Mexico and China also produce turquoise, although the quality and color can vary. The gemstone is often found in veins within host rocks and is extracted through mining operations that can be either traditional or modern.
Blue Topaz
Blue topaz is a silicate mineral composed of aluminum and fluorine. It is formed in pegmatite rocks, which are igneous rocks that crystallize from magma. The blue color of topaz is the result of irradiation and heat treatment, which alter the crystal structure and create the characteristic blue hue. The primary source of blue topaz is Brazil, where it is found in large quantities. Other sources include Nigeria, Madagascar, and the United States, particularly in Colorado and California.
The gemstone is often found in large crystals, which can be cut into various shapes and sizes for use in jewelry. The clarity and brilliance of blue topaz make it a popular choice for rings, especially those designed for daily wear.
Tanzanite
Tanzanite is a type of zoisite, a calcium aluminum silicate mineral. It is formed in metamorphic rocks and is found only in the Merelani Hills of Tanzania. The gemstone's blue and purple hues are the result of a unique heat treatment process that transforms the brownish zoisite into the vibrant colors associated with tanzanite. This treatment is permanent and does not affect the gemstone's durability.
Tanzanite is considered a relatively new gemstone, with its discovery in 1967. It is highly valued for its rarity and beauty, and it is often used in pendants and earrings rather than rings due to its relative fragility. The limited supply of tanzanite adds to its value, as it is estimated that the deposits in Tanzania will be depleted within a few decades.
Gemological Properties
The gemological properties of a gemstone, including its hardness, chemical composition, refractive index, and other characteristics, play a crucial role in its suitability for jewelry and its overall value. Each of the December birthstones has its own set of properties that contribute to its unique appeal.
Turquoise
Turquoise has a hardness of 5 to 6 on the Mohs scale, which makes it relatively soft compared to other gemstones. This means that it is more susceptible to scratches and damage, requiring careful handling and maintenance. The gemstone's chemical formula is CuAl6(PO4)4(OH)8·4H2O, and it has a refractive index of 1.61 to 1.65. Turquoise is often opaque, with a waxy luster, and it can vary in color from deep blue to green, depending on the impurities present in the stone.
One of the most distinctive features of turquoise is its porosity, which allows it to absorb oils and dyes. This property can be both a benefit and a drawback, as it can enhance the color of the gemstone but also make it more prone to staining and discoloration. Turquoise is often stabilized with resins to improve its durability and reduce its porosity.
Blue Topaz
Blue topaz has a hardness of 8 on the Mohs scale, making it a durable gemstone suitable for everyday wear. Its chemical formula is Al2SiO4(F,OH)2, and it has a refractive index of 1.62 to 1.64. Blue topaz is typically transparent to translucent, with a vitreous luster. It is known for its brilliance and clarity, which make it an excellent choice for jewelry.
The gemstone is often cut into various shapes, including round, oval, and emerald cuts, to showcase its beauty. Blue topaz is also available in a wide range of colors, from pale blue to deep blue, depending on the intensity of the irradiation and heat treatment used to create the color.
Tanzanite
Tanzanite has a hardness of 6 to 7 on the Mohs scale, which is relatively soft compared to other gemstones. Its chemical formula is Ca2Al3(SiO4)3(OH) and it has a refractive index of 1.69 to 1.70. Tanzanite is typically transparent to translucent, with a vitreous luster. It is known for its deep blue and purple hues, which are the result of a unique heat treatment process.
One of the key properties of tanzanite is its pleochroism, which means that it can display different colors when viewed from different angles. This property adds to the gemstone's visual appeal and makes it a popular choice for pendants and earrings. However, due to its relative softness, tanzanite is not recommended for daily wear in rings, as it can be easily scratched or damaged.
Symbolism and Metaphysical Beliefs
The symbolism and metaphysical beliefs associated with gemstones have played a significant role in their cultural and historical significance. Each of the December birthstones carries its own set of meanings and properties, which have been passed down through generations.
Turquoise
Turquoise is often associated with protection, healing, and spiritual connection. In many cultures, it is believed to offer protection against evil, illness, and misfortune. It is also thought to promote emotional stability and enhance communication. Turquoise is often used in meditation and spiritual practices to help connect with higher realms and enhance intuition.
In Native American traditions, turquoise is considered a sacred stone that brings good fortune and prosperity. It is also associated with the earth and the sky, symbolizing the connection between the two. In Tibetan culture, turquoise is believed to bring health, good fortune, and protection from evil. The gemstone is also associated with the 11th wedding anniversary, making it a meaningful choice for anniversary jewelry.
Blue Topaz
Blue topaz is often associated with calmness, clarity, and emotional balance. It is believed to help dispel negative emotions such as sadness, anger, and fear, promoting a sense of peace and tranquility. Blue topaz is also thought to enhance communication and self-expression, making it a popular choice for those seeking to improve their interpersonal skills.
In ancient times, blue topaz was believed to have the power to protect against poisons and sudden death. It was also thought to enhance the wearer's ability to see the truth and make wise decisions. In modern times, blue topaz is often used in jewelry to promote a sense of calm and serenity, making it a popular choice for those seeking a sense of balance in their lives.
Tanzanite
Tanzanite is associated with transformation, intuition, and spiritual growth. It is believed to help the wearer connect with their higher self and enhance their ability to see the world from a different perspective. Tanzanite is also thought to promote emotional healing and help release old patterns and beliefs that no longer serve the individual.
The gemstone is often used in meditation and spiritual practices to enhance intuition and psychic abilities. It is also associated with new beginnings and is often given as a gift to celebrate new opportunities or new life. Tanzanite's deep blue and purple hues are believed to represent the connection between the earth and the heavens, symbolizing the unity of all things.
Care and Cleaning
Proper care and cleaning are essential to maintaining the beauty and longevity of December birthstone rings. Each gemstone requires specific care to ensure that it remains in optimal condition and continues to sparkle for years to come.
Turquoise
Turquoise is a relatively soft gemstone, with a hardness of 5 to 6 on the Mohs scale. It is also porous, which makes it susceptible to staining and discoloration. To clean turquoise, it is recommended to use a soft cloth and mild soap. Avoid using harsh chemicals, ultrasonic cleaners, or steam cleaners, as these can damage the gemstone.
When storing turquoise jewelry, it should be kept in a dry, cool place to prevent moisture from affecting the stone. It is also advisable to avoid prolonged exposure to direct sunlight or high heat, as this can cause the gemstone to fade or become brittle.
Blue Topaz
Blue topaz is a durable gemstone with a hardness of 8 on the Mohs scale, making it suitable for everyday wear. It can be cleaned using warm, soapy water and a soft cloth. Ultrasonic and steam cleaners can also be used, as they are generally safe for blue topaz. However, it is advisable to check with a professional jeweler before using these cleaning methods, especially if the gemstone has been treated to enhance its color.
When storing blue topaz jewelry, it should be kept in a dry, cool place to prevent any damage from moisture or heat. It is also advisable to store it separately from other gemstones to prevent scratches.
Tanzanite
Tanzanite has a hardness of 6 to 7 on the Mohs scale, making it relatively soft compared to other gemstones. It is also sensitive to high temperatures and sudden temperature changes, which can cause it to crack or become damaged. To clean tanzanite, it is recommended to use warm, soapy water and a soft cloth. Avoid using ultrasonic or steam cleaners, as these can damage the gemstone.
When storing tanzanite jewelry, it should be kept in a dry, cool place to prevent any damage from moisture or heat. It is also advisable to store it separately from other gemstones to prevent scratches and damage.
Conclusion
December birthstone rings are a beautiful and meaningful way to celebrate a December birthday or to honor someone born in this month. The three primary birthstones for December—turquoise, blue topaz, and tanzanite—each have their own unique properties, history, and symbolism. Turquoise has been revered for thousands of years for its protective and healing properties, while blue topaz is known for its calming and stabilizing effects. Tanzanite, the youngest of the three, is associated with transformation and spiritual growth.
These gemstones are found in specific regions around the world, with turquoise being mined in Iran, the United States, and other countries, blue topaz in Brazil and other parts of the world, and tanzanite only in Tanzania. Each gemstone has its own set of gemological properties, including hardness, chemical composition, and refractive index, which contribute to its unique appeal and suitability for jewelry.
The symbolism and metaphysical beliefs associated with these gemstones add to their cultural and historical significance. Turquoise is believed to offer protection and promote emotional stability, blue topaz is thought to enhance communication and self-expression, and tanzanite is associated with transformation and spiritual growth. These meanings make December birthstone rings not only beautiful accessories but also meaningful gifts.
Proper care and cleaning are essential to maintaining the beauty and longevity of December birthstone rings. Each gemstone requires specific care to ensure that it remains in optimal condition and continues to sparkle for years to come. By understanding the properties and care requirements of these gemstones, individuals can enjoy the beauty and significance of December birthstone rings for a lifetime.