Peridot is one of the most unique and historically significant birthstones in the world of gemology. Known for its striking green color, peridot is the designated birthstone for August and holds a special place in the hearts of gemstone collectors, jewelry enthusiasts, and those born in this month. Unlike many other gemstones, peridot is found in only one color—green—though the intensity and shade can vary depending on the iron content and source of the gem. The gemstone has an intriguing geological background, forming under extreme conditions and even appearing in meteorites from outer space. It is also rich in symbolism and cultural significance, having been used in ancient civilizations and modern jewelry design alike.
This article explores the fascinating history and lore of peridot, its geological formation and global sources, its gemological properties, its symbolic meaning across cultures, and the proper care and cleaning methods for this radiant gemstone. By the end of this article, readers will gain a comprehensive understanding of why peridot is cherished not only for its aesthetic beauty but also for its deep-rooted significance in both historical and contemporary contexts.
History and Lore
Peridot has a long and storied history that spans thousands of years. The gemstone has been known and valued since ancient times, with evidence of its use dating back to at least 1500 BCE. Ancient Egyptians, for example, referred to peridot as the “gem of the sun” due to its bright, glowing green hue. They believed it had the power to ward off nightmares and evil spirits. In fact, peridot was widely used in Egyptian jewelry and was often set in gold to enhance its brilliance and symbolic value.
The gemstone’s historical significance extended beyond Egypt. Peridot was also prized in ancient Rome and Greece, where it was associated with peace, prosperity, and protection. Some Roman scholars even attributed healing properties to peridot, believing it could purify the body and promote emotional well-being.
Peridot also has a unique connection to the Americas. In Hawaii, peridot is believed to be the tears of the goddess Pele, the deity of fire and volcanoes. According to Hawaiian legend, when Pele cried, her tears fell to the earth and solidified into peridot, making it a symbol of volcanic activity and rebirth.
In the modern era, peridot was officially designated as the birthstone for August in 1912 by the American National Association of Jewelers. This designation was largely due to its natural association with volcanic activity and its vibrant green color, which aligns with the warmth of the month. In addition to peridot, the month of August also includes spinel and sardonyx as alternative birthstones, though peridot remains the most popular and widely recognized.
Geological Formation and Sources
Peridot is a gemstone with a fascinating geological background. It is one of the few gemstones that form deep within the Earth’s mantle and is brought to the surface through volcanic activity. The process of peridot formation is closely tied to the movement of molten rock and the cooling of lava flows. Peridot is commonly found in basalt and gabbro, which are types of igneous rock formed from the solidification of magma.
One of the most interesting aspects of peridot is that it can also be found in meteorites. In fact, some peridot crystals have been discovered in extraterrestrial sources, making the gemstone one of the few minerals that originate from both Earth and space. This unique property adds to the allure and mystique of peridot.
The primary sources of peridot are located in various parts of the world, including the United States, Pakistan, Myanmar, and China. In the United States, peridot is most commonly found in Arizona and Hawaii. Arizona, in particular, is known for producing high-quality peridot that is widely used in jewelry. The gemstone is also found in lava flows and volcanic regions, which explains its connection to the Earth’s inner layers.
Pakistan is another significant source of peridot, particularly for stones that exhibit a rich olive-green color. These peridot crystals are highly valued for their clarity and brilliance. In Myanmar, peridot is often found in association with other gemstones and is prized for its vibrant hue and unique properties.
Gemological Properties
Peridot is a gemstone with distinct gemological properties that make it unique and highly desirable. One of the most notable characteristics of peridot is its color. The gemstone is known for its green hue, which can range from a pale yellow-green to a deep olive color. The variation in color is primarily due to the iron content in the crystal structure. The more iron present, the darker the green color will appear.
The chemical formula of peridot is (Mg,Fe)₂SiO₄, indicating that it is a silicate mineral composed of magnesium and iron. The ratio of these elements can vary, leading to different shades of green. Peridot is also known by several other names, including chrysolite and olivine. For gemological purposes, the term peridot is most commonly used to describe the gemstone variety of this mineral.
In terms of hardness, peridot ranges from 6.5 to 7 on the Mohs scale. This makes it relatively durable but not as hard as some other gemstones, such as diamonds or rubies. Due to its moderate hardness, peridot is suitable for use in jewelry but requires some care to avoid scratches and damage.
Peridot has a distinct cleavage, which means it can break along specific planes if struck with enough force. This property makes it important to handle peridot jewelry with care, especially when it is set in rings or other types of jewelry that may be more susceptible to impact.
The gemstone also has a conchoidal fracture, which means that it tends to break in a shell-like pattern. This property is similar to that of glass and is important to consider when cutting and polishing peridot. The specific gravity of peridot ranges from about 3.27 to 3.37, making it a relatively dense gemstone.
Peridot is often found in granular masses or embedded grains within other types of rock. It is not commonly found in large, facetable crystals, which makes high-quality peridot stones particularly valuable. The gemstone is typically cut into various shapes, including round, oval, and cushion cuts, to enhance its brilliance and color.
Symbolism and Metaphysical Beliefs
Peridot has long been associated with various symbolic meanings and metaphysical properties. In ancient times, the gemstone was believed to possess protective qualities and was used in jewelry to ward off evil spirits and negative energy. The ancient Egyptians, in particular, believed that peridot had the power to protect against nightmares and was often worn as a talisman for safety and well-being.
In modern times, peridot is often associated with themes of healing, balance, and prosperity. It is believed to promote emotional stability and reduce stress, making it a popular gemstone for those seeking inner peace and harmony. Peridot is also thought to bring good luck and success, making it a favorite among those who wear it in jewelry or carry it as a meaningful stone.
Peridot is also associated with love and relationships. It is believed to promote peace and harmony in interpersonal relationships and to encourage open and honest communication. Some people believe that wearing peridot can enhance feelings of love and compassion, making it a popular choice for couples and those seeking to improve their relationships.
In addition to its emotional and relational symbolism, peridot is also associated with physical healing and well-being. It is believed to have properties that can aid in the treatment of various ailments, including digestive issues and respiratory problems. Some alternative medicine practitioners use peridot in crystal healing practices to promote overall health and vitality.
Peridot is also thought to have a connection to the sun and solar energy. It is often used in meditation and spiritual practices to enhance clarity of thought and to promote a sense of calm and balance. The gemstone is believed to help individuals connect with their inner light and to encourage positive thinking and action.
Care and Cleaning
Due to its moderate hardness and unique properties, peridot requires special care to maintain its beauty and longevity. While peridot is relatively durable, it is still susceptible to scratches and damage if not handled properly. When cleaning peridot jewelry, it is important to use gentle methods that will not compromise the integrity of the gemstone.
One of the best ways to clean peridot is with warm, soapy water. Using a mild detergent and a soft cloth or a soft-bristled brush, gently clean the surface of the gemstone to remove any dirt or debris. It is important to avoid using harsh chemicals or abrasive materials, as these can damage the surface of the gemstone.
Ultrasonic cleaners can also be used to clean peridot, but it is important to ensure that the cleaner is suitable for use with this type of gemstone. Peridot has a distinct cleavage, which means that it can be damaged if exposed to high-frequency vibrations for extended periods. It is generally recommended to avoid using ultrasonic cleaners for peridot unless the gemstone is of high quality and the cleaner is specifically designed for use with this type of stone.
Steam cleaners are not recommended for peridot, as the heat and moisture can potentially damage the gemstone or the setting in which it is held. It is best to avoid exposing peridot to high heat or sudden temperature changes, as this can cause the gemstone to crack or become discolored.
When storing peridot jewelry, it is important to keep it in a cool, dry place to prevent exposure to excessive moisture and heat. Storing peridot in a separate compartment or pouch can help prevent it from coming into contact with other gemstones or jewelry that may scratch its surface.
Peridot should also be removed before engaging in activities that involve physical contact or exposure to harsh chemicals, such as swimming in chlorinated water or using household cleaning products. These substances can potentially damage the surface of the gemstone or weaken the setting in which it is held.
Conclusion
Peridot is a gemstone with a rich history, fascinating geological properties, and deep symbolic meaning. As the birthstone for August, it holds a special place in the world of gemology and is cherished for its vibrant green color and unique characteristics. From its formation deep within the Earth’s mantle to its appearance in meteorites from outer space, peridot is a gemstone that continues to captivate and inspire.
Whether used in jewelry, as a meaningful talisman, or as a symbol of protection and prosperity, peridot remains a beloved gemstone with a timeless appeal. Its connection to ancient civilizations, its association with the sun and light, and its role in modern gemstone traditions all contribute to its enduring significance.
For those born in August or anyone who is drawn to the beauty and meaning of peridot, this gemstone serves as a powerful reminder of nature’s wonders and the deep connections that exist between gemstones, history, and human experience.