March is one of the few months to boast two official birthstones, each with its own unique color, symbolism, and history. These gemstones—aquamarine and bloodstone—represent a fascinating duality in gemology and cultural tradition, combining the tranquil serenity of the ocean with the bold, earthy vitality of the land. Together, they create a rich and meaningful tapestry of symbolism for those born in March or those who seek to incorporate their energies into their lives.
This article delves into the origins, properties, symbolism, and care of these two birthstones, drawing from authoritative sources and historical accounts. Whether you're a gemstone enthusiast, a jewelry buyer, or simply curious about the significance of March’s birthstones, this guide will provide a comprehensive and expert overview of what makes these stones so special.
Introduction
March’s birthstone colors—light blue for aquamarine and green with red flecks for bloodstone—are more than just aesthetic choices; they reflect the deep-rooted traditions and symbolic meanings associated with these gemstones. Aquamarine, with its calming blue hue, is often linked to emotional balance, mental clarity, and protection for travelers. Bloodstone, with its vivid green and red splashes, symbolizes courage, vitality, and healing.
The use of two birthstones for a single month is not common in modern gemology, but it has historical roots in early birthstone traditions that date back to biblical times. Over the centuries, these stones have evolved in their meanings and uses, becoming widely recognized as both ornamental and spiritually significant.
This article will explore the history and lore of March’s birthstones, their geological and gemological properties, their symbolic and metaphysical meanings, and how to care for them. Whether you're considering aquamarine or bloodstone for personal use, as a gift, or for its historical significance, this guide will provide a detailed and well-researched overview of both stones.
History and Lore
The tradition of assigning gemstones to specific months has ancient roots. The earliest known references date back to the 1st century AD, when the High Priest’s Breastplate, as described in the Biblical Book of Exodus, listed 12 stones that corresponded to the 12 tribes of Israel. Over time, these stones were associated with the 12 months of the year and the 12 zodiac signs. However, due to the lack of precise gemstone identification in ancient times, the exact identities of the stones remain a matter of debate.
For March, bloodstone was originally the sole birthstone in these early traditions. It was believed to have powerful protective properties and was often used in amulets and talismans. By the 15th and 16th centuries, as European jewelers began crafting jewelry based on birth months, the practice of wearing gemstones corresponding to one’s birth month gained popularity.
Aquamarine entered the birthstone tradition more recently. It is believed that the gemstone was named in the 14th century from the Latin phrase aqua marina, meaning "water of the sea." Ancient sailors and traders held aquamarine in high regard, believing it would protect them from the dangers of the sea and ensure safe passage. The gem was also associated with love and marriage, and was said to bring happiness and harmony to those who wore it.
By the 18th and 19th centuries, standardized birthstone lists began to emerge in Europe. The Tiffany & Co. catalog of 1870, attributed to an anonymous Gregorian author, played a significant role in popularizing the modern birthstone system. In this system, both aquamarine and bloodstone were officially recognized as the birthstones for March, reflecting a balance between serenity and strength.
Geological Formation and Sources
Aquamarine
Aquamarine is a variety of the mineral beryl, which also includes other well-known gemstones such as emerald and morganite. It is formed in igneous rocks, particularly in granitic pegmatites, where it crystallizes under high-temperature and low-pressure conditions. The blue-green color of aquamarine is due to the presence of iron (Fe) in its crystal structure.
Key Properties:
- Chemical Formula: Be₃Al₂(SiO₃)₆
- Hardness: 7.5–8 on the Mohs scale, making it durable and suitable for jewelry
- Refractive Index: 1.56–1.58
- Specific Gravity: 2.67–2.83
- Transparency: Transparent to slightly milky
- Luster: Vitreous (glassy)
- Optical Phenomenon: Pleochroism—aquamarine can appear different colors (blue, green, or colorless) depending on the viewing angle
Aquamarine is typically faceted to enhance its brilliance and clarity. It is often free of inclusions and is prized for its purity and vibrant color.
Major Sources:
- Brazil: The largest and most well-known source of aquamarine
- Colombia: Known for producing high-quality aquamarine
- Zambia: Produces aquamarine with a more greenish tone
- Nigeria, Madagascar, and Pakistan: Also produce aquamarine, though in smaller quantities
Bloodstone
Bloodstone, also known as heliotrope, is a jade-like chalcedony with a dark green base and red spots or flecks of iron oxide (Fe₂O₃). It is a cryptocrystalline quartz—meaning its crystal structure is microscopic and not visible to the naked eye.
Key Properties:
- Chemical Formula: SiO₂ (quartz)
- Hardness: 6.5–7 on the Mohs scale
- Refractive Index: 1.54–1.55
- Specific Gravity: 2.58–2.64
- Transparency: Opaque
- Luster: Waxy to greasy
- Cut: Typically cabochon, as it lacks the optical clarity to be faceted
Bloodstone is often cut into cabochons, which enhance its visual contrast between the green background and the red flecks.
Major Sources:
- India: The most traditional and significant source of bloodstone
- Nepal and Afghanistan: Also produce high-quality bloodstone
- United States (Arizona and Nevada): Local sources of bloodstone
- Germany, Czech Republic, and Australia: Additional global sources
Symbolism and Metaphysical Beliefs
The symbolism of both aquamarine and bloodstone is deeply rooted in history and mythology.
Aquamarine
Aquamarine has long been associated with calmness, clarity, and protection. Its name, derived from Latin aqua marina, reflects its connection to the sea and its role as a protective stone for sailors. Ancient mariners believed that carrying aquamarine would calm the waters and ensure safe passage. It was also used in love and marriage, as it was thought to promote harmony and emotional stability.
In modern metaphysical practices, aquamarine is considered a stone of emotional healing. It is believed to: - Promote emotional balance and reduce anxiety - Enhance mental clarity and decision-making - Encourage open and honest communication - Provide protection during travel, especially over water
It is also associated with chakras, particularly the throat chakra, which governs communication and self-expression.
Bloodstone
Bloodstone has a rich history in healing and vitality. The red flecks in the stone were traditionally believed to represent blood, and the stone was used in amulets to stimulate energy, courage, and healing.
Ancient texts, including the Emerald Tablet, mention bloodstone as a stone of vitality, used to strengthen the body and mind. It was also considered a protective stone for warriors and travelers, offering physical and emotional strength.
Modern metaphysical practitioners believe that bloodstone: - Boosts courage and determination - Enhances vitality and physical energy - Supports emotional healing and resilience - Grounds the wearer and connects them to the earth
It is often associated with the root chakra, which is linked to grounding, stability, and physical health.
Care and Cleaning
Proper care is essential to preserve the beauty and longevity of both aquamarine and bloodstone jewelry.
Aquamarine
- Hardness: 7.5–8 on the Mohs scale, making it relatively durable
- Cleaning: Use warm, soapy water and a soft cloth or soft-bristled brush to gently clean the gemstone. Avoid using ultrasonic cleaners or steam cleaners, as aquamarine can be sensitive to sudden temperature changes and vibrations
- Storage: Store aquamarine separately from harder gemstones to prevent scratches
- Avoid: Exposure to harsh chemicals or acids, as these can damage the stone
Aquamarine is generally stable under normal jewelry conditions and can be worn daily with proper care.
Bloodstone
- Hardness: 6.5–7 on the Mohs scale, making it durable but not as hard as aquamarine
- Cleaning: Use warm, soapy water and a soft cloth to clean the gemstone. Avoid ultrasonic cleaners or steam cleaners, as bloodstone can be sensitive to high-frequency vibrations and heat
- Storage: Store bloodstone separately from harder gemstones to prevent scratches
- Avoid: Exposure to harsh chemicals or acids, as these can damage the surface of the stone
Bloodstone is best suited for casual wear, as its opacity and durability make it less ideal for high-impact settings like rings.
Conclusion
March’s dual birthstones—aquamarine and bloodstone—offer a striking contrast in color, texture, and symbolism. Aquamarine, with its serene blue tones, represents calm, clarity, and protection, while bloodstone, with its earthy green and red flecks, embodies vitality, courage, and healing. Together, they form a unique and meaningful duality that reflects both the tranquility of the sea and the strength of the land.
Whether worn for their aesthetic appeal, metaphysical properties, or historical significance, these gemstones continue to captivate gemstone enthusiasts and jewelry lovers alike. Their rich histories, distinct properties, and enduring symbolism make them a fascinating subject of study and appreciation in the world of gemology.
For those born in March, or those who resonate with the energies of these stones, aquamarine and bloodstone offer a powerful and meaningful connection to both the past and the present. Whether chosen for their beauty, their history, or their spiritual significance, these gemstones remain a timeless and treasured part of the birthstone tradition.