March 17th falls within a month rich in gemstone symbolism and cultural history. As a date in March, it is associated with two official birthstones—aquamarine and bloodstone—alongside several alternative stones. These gemstones are more than just decorative; they carry deep historical, spiritual, and geological significance that has captivated civilizations for centuries.
This article delves into the properties, origins, lore, and uses of the two primary March birthstones—aquamarine and bloodstone—as well as their historical and cultural relevance. We explore how these gemstones have been treasured across time, their unique characteristics, and the reasons behind their enduring popularity.
Introduction
March is a month of duality—of transition from winter to spring, of ancient traditions meeting modern interpretations, and of two official birthstones. While many months have a single birthstone, March is unique in its designation of aquamarine and bloodstone as its primary gemstones. Both stones have distinct properties, symbolism, and uses in jewelry and spirituality.
Aquamarine, with its serene blue-green hues, is a gemstone of calm and protection, while bloodstone—often opaque and marked with red flecks—is associated with strength and vitality. This article explores both gemstones in depth, drawing from historical, geological, and cultural sources. Whether you are a gemstone enthusiast, a jewelry buyer, or simply curious about the significance of March’s birthstones, this guide will provide a comprehensive overview.
History and Lore
The concept of birthstones dates back to ancient times, with the earliest references found in the Biblical Book of Exodus, where the High Priest’s breastplate was adorned with 12 gemstones, each representing one of the 12 tribes of Israel. These stones were later associated with the 12 months of the year, forming the foundation for the modern birthstone tradition.
In the case of March, bloodstone was the original birthstone in many of these early lists. By the 15th and 16th centuries, with the rise of European jewelry-making and trade, more gemstones were incorporated into the birthstone calendar. Aquamarine, with its vibrant blue tones and availability, was added to the list of March birthstones during this period.
The dual birthstone tradition for March is unique and reflects the rich cultural and symbolic meanings of both stones. Bloodstone has long been associated with courage and vitality, while aquamarine has been revered for its calming properties and connection to the sea.
Bloodstone: A Symbol of Strength and Vitality
Bloodstone is a variety of chrysoprase, a type of chert that contains red iron oxide inclusions, which appear as red spots or streaks across the green surface. The name "bloodstone" comes from the visual resemblance of these red flecks to drops of blood.
Historically, bloodstone was believed to have healing properties and was often used in medicinal practices. It was considered a powerful stone for warriors and healers alike. In medieval times, bloodstone was used to staunch bleeding, and it was common for soldiers to carry it into battle for protection. The belief was that the stone could absorb the blood of the wounded and prevent excessive bleeding.
Bloodstone was also associated with the blood of Christ in Christian symbolism, adding a layer of spiritual significance to its use. In some traditions, it was worn during fasting or as a stone of penitence. The stone was also believed to promote clarity of thought and emotional balance, making it a popular choice for scholars and spiritual seekers.
Aquamarine: A Stone of the Sea and Calm
Aquamarine, on the other hand, is a beryl mineral and is closely related to emerald, which is also a beryl. The name “aquamarine” comes from the Latin words aqua (water) and marinus (of the sea), reflecting its color and its long association with the ocean.
In ancient times, aquamarine was believed to protect sailors and seafarers. Greek sailors carried aquamarine on their voyages, believing that it would appease the sea god Poseidon and ensure safe passage. It was also thought to prevent poisoning and was carried by travelers as a protective talisman.
During the Renaissance, aquamarine became a symbol of hope and youth, and its popularity as a gemstone in jewelry grew. By the 19th and 20th centuries, aquamarine was being used in fine jewelry and was often featured in royal collections. Today, it remains a popular gemstone, especially for those seeking a gemstone that symbolizes serenity, peace, and emotional clarity.
Geological Formation and Sources
Understanding the geological formation and sources of aquamarine and bloodstone helps to appreciate their rarity and beauty.
Aquamarine: The Beryl of the Sea
Aquamarine is a beryl mineral, which forms in pegmatite rock formations under high-temperature conditions. The blue-green color of aquamarine is caused by the presence of iron impurities within the beryl crystal structure. The more iron present, the deeper the blue color.
Aquamarine is found in several parts of the world, with the most significant deposits located in Brazil, particularly in the state of Minas Gerais, which has been a major source of aquamarine for over two centuries. Other notable sources include Madagascar, Nigeria, Zambia, and the United States.
Brazil’s Minas Gerais region is known for producing some of the finest aquamarines in the world. The area has a complex geological structure, with aquamarine found in both primary (hard rock) and secondary (weathered) pegmatite deposits. The famous Dom Pedro Aquamarine, weighing over 10,000 carats, was mined in Brazil and is currently displayed at the Smithsonian Institution in Washington, D.C.
Aquamarine is typically transparent to translucent, with a glassy luster. It has a Mohs hardness of 7.5 to 8, making it durable enough for everyday wear in jewelry. However, it is still a relatively rare gemstone, and large, high-quality stones are especially valuable.
Bloodstone: A Chert with a Bold Identity
Bloodstone is a chert that forms from the precipitation of silica in sedimentary environments, such as riverbeds or ancient seas. The green color of bloodstone is due to chromium or nickel, while the red flecks are caused by iron oxide inclusions.
Bloodstone is found in various parts of the world, including India, Australia, New Zealand, and Germany, but India is the most important source for high-quality bloodstone. The stone is often opaque and is best suited for cabochon cuts, which highlight the red flecks across the green surface.
Bloodstone has a Mohs hardness of 6.5 to 7, making it suitable for certain types of jewelry, although it is not as durable as aquamarine. Because of its rough surface texture, it is often used in pendants, seals, and beads rather than in rings or bracelets.
Gemological Properties
Understanding the scientific properties of aquamarine and bloodstone is essential for gemologists, jewelers, and collectors. These properties determine how the stones are cut, set, and cared for.
Aquamarine
- Chemical Formula: Be₃Al₂(SiO₃)₆
- Crystal System: Hexagonal
- Color: Blue to blue-green (rarely green)
- Hardness (Mohs): 7.5 to 8
- Refractive Index: 1.56 to 1.60
- Luster: Vitreous (glassy)
- Transparency: Transparent to translucent
- Specific Gravity: 2.67 to 2.83
- Cut: Typically faceted
- Common Treatments: Heat treatment to enhance color
Aquamarine is pleochroic, meaning it can display different colors when viewed from different angles. This is due to the presence of iron in the crystal structure. The most valuable aquamarines are those with a sky-blue color, as this is the most desirable in the market.
Bloodstone
- Chemical Formula: SiO₂ (with iron oxide inclusions)
- Crystal System: Amorphous (chert is a cryptocrystalline quartz)
- Color: Green with red flecks
- Hardness (Mohs): 6.5 to 7
- Refractive Index: 1.53 to 1.54
- Luster: Waxy to dull
- Transparency: Opaque
- Specific Gravity: 2.6 to 2.7
- Cut: Typically cabochon
- Common Treatments: Minimal to none
Bloodstone is opaque, so it is usually cut as a cabochon to showcase the red flecks. It is often used in seals, pendants, and beads, and is less commonly used in rings or bracelets due to its lower durability compared to aquamarine.
Symbolism and Metaphysical Beliefs
Both aquamarine and bloodstone have long been associated with spiritual and metaphysical properties, and these beliefs have contributed to their continued popularity.
Aquamarine: The Stone of Courage and Calm
Aquamarine is often called the stone of courage, and it is believed to help individuals overcome fear and anxiety. It is associated with emotional balance, and it is said to promote serenity, peace, and inner strength. In some traditions, it is used in meditation to enhance communication with the divine.
Aquamarine is also believed to protect the throat and thyroid, and it is often used in healing practices to support communication and self-expression. It is said to help individuals speak their truth with confidence and clarity.
Bloodstone: The Stone of Strength and Vitality
Bloodstone is a powerful energy stone that is believed to increase vitality, strength, and courage. It is often used in healing practices to boost the immune system and to balance the body's energy. In some traditions, it is used to stimulate the blood and to promote circulation.
Bloodstone is also associated with the third chakra (solar plexus), and it is believed to enhance personal power and confidence. It is often used in spiritual practices to ground the energy and to provide emotional stability. Some believe that bloodstone can help individuals face their fears and take bold action in their lives.
Care and Cleaning
Proper care is essential to maintaining the beauty and longevity of aquamarine and bloodstone. While both are relatively durable, they do require gentle cleaning and handling.
Caring for Aquamarine
- Cleaning: Use mild soap and warm water with a soft brush to remove dirt and oils. Avoid using ultrasonic or steam cleaners, as these can cause damage to the stone.
- Storage: Store aquamarine separately from other gemstones to prevent scratching. Use a soft pouch or fabric-lined jewelry box.
- Avoiding Damage: Aquamarine is sensitive to extreme temperatures and chemicals. Avoid exposing it to harsh detergents, bleach, or solvents.
Caring for Bloodstone
- Cleaning: Use mild soap and warm water with a soft cloth or brush. Bloodstone is less sensitive to ultrasonic cleaning, but it is still best to avoid harsh chemicals and abrasives.
- Storage: Store bloodstone in a soft pouch to prevent scratching or chipping. It can be stored with other opaque gemstones, but avoid harder gemstones that may cause damage.
- Avoiding Damage: Bloodstone is susceptible to chipping, so avoid rough handling or exposure to sharp objects.
Conclusion
The March birthstones—aquamarine and bloodstone—are two gemstones with rich histories, diverse properties, and deep symbolic meanings. Aquamarine, with its calming blue tones, is a gemstone of peace, courage, and emotional balance, while bloodstone, with its bold green and red flecks, is a stone of strength, vitality, and protection.
Whether worn as jewelry, carried as a talisman, or used in spiritual practices, these gemstones continue to inspire and captivate. Their dual designation as March birthstones reflects the duality of the month, which is a time of transition, renewal, and new beginnings.
For those born on March 17, choosing between aquamarine and bloodstone as a birthstone can be a personal decision based on preference, style, or spiritual resonance. Both stones offer unique beauty and meaning, and either would be a meaningful and lasting choice.