For those born on July 21, the ruby is the designated birthstone, a gemstone steeped in rich symbolism, historical significance, and scientific marvel. Known as the "King of Gemstones," ruby is celebrated not only for its vibrant red hue but also for its remarkable durability and cultural legacy. In this article, we will explore the ruby’s gemological properties, its historical and astrological associations, its role in jewelry and healing, and how to properly care for this precious stone.
Historical and Astrological Significance of the Ruby
The ruby has been revered for centuries across cultures, often associated with passion, vitality, and regal power. Its deep red color, reminiscent of blood and fire, has made it a symbol of life, courage, and divine energy. In ancient times, rulers and warriors believed that rubies protected them in battle and brought them favor in love and leadership.
Ancient and Medieval Beliefs
In ancient India, the ruby was considered one of the seven sacred gems and was believed to bring the blessings of the sun god, Surya. It was thought to bring prosperity, success, and divine protection. In medieval Europe, ruby was regarded as the "jewel of kings," and it was common for monarchs to wear rubies in crowns and royal regalia. The gem was also believed to have healing properties, particularly in the treatment of heart ailments and as a protective stone against poison and disease.
Astrological Associations
Astrologically, the ruby is linked to the sun and is associated with those born under the zodiac signs of Leo and Cancer. For July 21, which falls within the zodiac sign of Cancer (June 21–July 22), the ruby is a powerful gemstone that enhances courage, confidence, and emotional depth. According to some sources, the ruby was also considered the zodiac stone for Leo, which overlaps with July 21 in certain astrological systems. In the ancient Russian calendar, sardonyx was considered a birthstone for July, but the ruby has since become the primary July birthstone.
In the Hindu calendar, the ruby is also a July birthstone and is considered a gemstone of inner peace and mental clarity. It is believed to counteract depression and foster a sense of well-being and stability.
Gemological Properties of the Ruby
The ruby is a variety of the mineral corundum, which is composed of aluminum oxide (Al₂O₃). What distinguishes ruby from other corundum varieties, such as sapphire, is the trace element chromium (Cr), which imparts the gemstone with its signature red color. The more chromium present, the deeper and richer the red hue becomes.
Key Gemological Characteristics
- Color: The most desirable ruby color is a deep, vivid red known as "pigeon’s blood." This term, though not universally accepted in gemology, is used to describe a ruby with a rich red color with a slight blue secondary hue, often found in Burmese rubies.
- Hardness: Rubies rank a 9 on the Mohs scale of mineral hardness, second only to the diamond. This makes them highly suitable for everyday wear in jewelry.
- Clarity: High-quality rubies typically exhibit good clarity, but inclusions (internal features) are common and can enhance the gem’s value by providing evidence of its natural origin. Inclusions are sometimes referred to as "silk" in rubies and can give the stone a velvety appearance.
- Cut: Rubies are often cut into brilliant or step cuts to enhance their color and brilliance. The tabular hexagonal shape of ruby crystals makes them suitable for a variety of cuts, including oval, cushion, and emerald cuts.
- Luster: Rubies have a vitreous (glass-like) luster, which enhances their visual appeal and brilliance.
- Refractive Index: The refractive index of ruby ranges from 1.76 to 1.78, which contributes to its fire and brilliance when properly cut.
Rubies are often heat-treated to improve color and clarity. This is considered an accepted industry standard and does not detract from the gem’s value. However, treatments such as fracture filling or dyeing are less common in rubies and are generally not recommended for long-term wear or investment.
Cultural and Symbolic Meanings of the Ruby
The ruby has long been associated with powerful and enduring symbolism. In many cultures, it is seen as a stone of love, passion, and vitality. It is often used in engagement rings and romantic gifts, symbolizing deep affection and enduring commitment.
Symbolism Across Cultures
- Ancient Egypt and Rome: The ruby was associated with the sun god and was believed to bring protection and vitality. It was also thought to enhance one’s courage and strength in battle.
- Medieval Europe: The ruby was considered a gemstone of kings and queens. It was believed to protect the wearer from harm and to bring good fortune and prosperity. Rubies were also thought to promote love and passion.
- Asia: In many Asian cultures, particularly in India and China, the ruby is considered a symbol of good fortune, power, and spiritual wisdom. It is often worn as a talisman for protection and success.
Modern Interpretations
Today, the ruby continues to be a symbol of love, passion, and vitality. It is often given as a gift for anniversaries, particularly the 40th anniversary, which is known as the "ruby anniversary." In modern astrology, the ruby is associated with the sun and is believed to enhance confidence, creativity, and self-esteem.
Ruby in Jewelry and Fashion
The ruby’s beauty and durability make it an ideal gemstone for fine jewelry. It is commonly set in rings, pendants, earrings, and bracelets, often paired with diamonds or other precious gemstones to enhance its brilliance and appeal.
Popular Jewelry Settings
- Baguette Setting: This classic setting is often used for ruby rings, particularly in engagement and anniversary rings. The baguette cut ruby is known for its elegant, elongated shape and clean lines.
- Prong Setting: Prong settings are popular for ruby rings, especially when the ruby is the center stone. This setting allows maximum light to enter the gem, enhancing its brilliance.
- Bezel Setting: Bezel settings are often used for ruby rings that are designed to be worn daily. The metal surrounds the gemstone, providing additional protection against damage.
Ruby is also a popular gemstone for colored gemstone rings, particularly in vintage and Art Deco styles. Its deep red color pairs beautifully with white gold and platinum settings.
Caring for and Cleaning Ruby Jewelry
Although the ruby is a durable gemstone, it is still important to take proper care of ruby jewelry to ensure its longevity and beauty.
Cleaning Ruby Jewelry
- At Home Cleaning: To clean ruby jewelry at home, immerse the gemstone in warm, soapy water and gently scrub it with a soft brush, such as a toothbrush. This method is safe for most ruby treatments, including heat-treated and lattice diffusion-treated stones.
- Professional Cleaning: For more thorough cleaning, ultrasonic and steam cleaners can be used. These methods are generally safe for untreated and heat-treated rubies.
- Avoiding Damage: It is important to avoid using harsh chemicals or abrasive cleaners on ruby jewelry. These can damage the gemstone’s surface or remove any coatings or treatments.
Storing Ruby Jewelry
- Proper Storage: Store ruby jewelry in a soft cloth or jewelry box to prevent scratches and damage. Avoid storing ruby jewelry with other gemstones, particularly those with lower hardness, such as emeralds or opals.
- Avoiding Exposure: Avoid exposing ruby jewelry to extreme temperatures or sudden changes in temperature. This can cause the gemstone to crack or become damaged.
Conclusion
The ruby is a gemstone of exceptional beauty, durability, and cultural significance. As the birthstone for July 21, it symbolizes passion, vitality, and strength. Its rich history, astrological associations, and gemological properties make it a truly remarkable stone. Whether worn as a piece of fine jewelry or cherished as a symbolic talisman, the ruby continues to captivate and inspire those who are drawn to its deep red glow.