August is a month marked by vibrant energy and warmth, and its birthstones reflect these qualities in their own unique ways. While Peridot is the most commonly recognized birthstone for August, it is not the only one. The month is also associated with Spinel and Sardonyx, both of which have rich histories, captivating properties, and deep symbolic meanings. These stones offer a range of colors, textures, and energies, making them versatile choices for jewelry and personal adornment. This article explores the characteristics, origins, symbolism, and practical care of these three remarkable gemstones, providing a comprehensive look at the August birthstones beyond the familiar green of Peridot.
Introduction
August is one of the few months with multiple birthstones, offering a choice that reflects the diverse personality traits of those born during this month. The primary August birthstone is Peridot, known for its vivid green hue and its association with strength and positivity. However, the modern birthstone list includes two additional gemstones: Spinel and Sardonyx. Spinel, with its wide range of colors and vibrant brilliance, was added to the official birthstone list in 2016, while Sardonyx, with its striking red and white bands, has been associated with August for centuries. These gemstones not only serve as beautiful adornments but also carry historical and cultural significance that has endured across time.
This article delves into the geological, historical, and symbolic aspects of each of these gemstones, offering insights into their formation, their roles in different cultures, and the meanings attributed to them. Whether you are an August-born individual seeking to understand the significance of your birthstones or a gemstone enthusiast exploring the world of precious stones, this guide will provide a detailed overview of the alternative August birthstones and their enduring appeal.
History and Lore
The alternative birthstones of August—Peridot, Spinel, and Sardonyx—each have distinct histories that reflect their roles in various cultures and time periods. While Peridot has long been cherished for its vibrant color and supposed healing properties, Spinel and Sardonyx have also played significant roles in the history of gemstones.
Peridot
Peridot has been revered since ancient times, with evidence of its use dating back to at least 1500 BCE. The ancient Egyptians referred to it as the “gem of the sun,” believing it to be a gift from the gods. They were particularly fond of the green gemstone, which was often found in the volcanic rocks of the Red Sea islands, especially on the island of Zabargad. The name “peridot” is derived from the French word pierre verte, meaning “green stone.” In medieval Europe, Peridot was associated with protection against nightmares and was often used in amulets. It was also believed to bring good luck and prosperity to those who wore it. Despite its historical popularity, Peridot has sometimes been overshadowed by more valuable gemstones, but its vibrant color and unique properties continue to attract gemstone lovers.
Sardonyx
Sardonyx, a type of chalcedony with alternating bands of red and white, has been used in jewelry and amulets since antiquity. It is one of the oldest known birthstones associated with August, and its use dates back to the Roman Empire. The stone was particularly favored by the ancient Greeks and Romans, who believed it could provide strength and courage. Sardonyx was often carved into cameos and used as a protective talisman. In some cultures, it was thought to help with digestion and was worn as a remedy for stomach ailments. The red color of Sardonyx is due to the presence of iron oxides, while the white bands are composed of quartz. The stone’s durability and distinctive appearance have made it a popular choice for rings and pendants.
Spinel
Spinel is a relatively newer addition to the August birthstone list, having been officially recognized in 2016. However, its history is extensive, and it has often been mistaken for other gemstones. For example, the famous “Black Prince’s Ruby,” set in the crown of the United Kingdom, is actually a large red Spinel. Similarly, several red gems in the Crown Jewels of England and other royal collections were once thought to be rubies but were later identified as Spinel. This misidentification was due to the similarity in appearance between red Spinel and ruby, especially in terms of color and brilliance. Spinel is a mineral composed of magnesium aluminum silicate, and it occurs in a wide range of colors, including red, pink, orange, yellow, green, blue, and even colorless. Its versatility and vibrant hues have made it a favorite among collectors and jewelers.
Geological Formation and Sources
Each of the alternative August birthstones has a unique geological origin and set of characteristics that define its appearance and properties. Understanding the formation and sources of these gemstones provides insight into their rarity, durability, and the conditions under which they are found.
Peridot
Peridot is a silicate mineral that forms in the mantle of the Earth and is brought to the surface through volcanic activity. It is found in a variety of geological settings, including lava flows, volcanic islands, and meteorites. The most significant sources of Peridot include the islands of Zabargad and St. John in the Red Sea, where it has been mined for thousands of years. Other notable sources include the United States, particularly in Arizona, and in countries such as China, South Korea, and Brazil. The color of Peridot ranges from a light yellow-green to a deep olive green, and its clarity can vary from transparent to slightly milky. Peridot is relatively hard, with a hardness of 6.5 to 7 on the Mohs scale, making it suitable for use in jewelry, though it is more delicate than some other gemstones.
Sardonyx
Sardonyx is a type of chalcedony, which is a microcrystalline variety of quartz. It forms in sedimentary and metamorphic rocks and is often found in veins and nodules. The red color in Sardonyx is due to the presence of iron oxides, while the white bands are composed of pure quartz. Sardonyx is known for its durability and is rated at a hardness of 6.5 to 7 on the Mohs scale. It is found in various parts of the world, including Brazil, India, Madagascar, and the United States. The stone’s banded appearance makes it ideal for carving and engraving, and it has been used in jewelry and decorative objects for centuries.
Spinel
Spinel is a mineral that forms in igneous rocks and is often found in metamorphic environments as well. It is typically found in association with other minerals such as corundum (which includes ruby and sapphire) and garnet. The most significant sources of Spinel include Myanmar, Vietnam, Sri Lanka, and Tanzania. Spinel can also be found in parts of Brazil, Madagascar, and the United States. The hardness of Spinel ranges from 8 to 8.5 on the Mohs scale, making it a durable gemstone that is suitable for use in a variety of jewelry settings. Spinel is known for its excellent clarity and vibrant colors, which are caused by trace elements such as chromium, iron, and magnesium.
Gemological Properties
Understanding the gemological properties of a stone is essential for jewelers, gemologists, and collectors. These properties include hardness, refractive index, specific gravity, and other characteristics that define the stone’s appearance and durability.
Peridot
Peridot is a relatively soft gemstone, with a hardness of 6.5 to 7 on the Mohs scale. This means that it can be scratched by harder materials such as quartz and topaz. The refractive index of Peridot ranges from 1.65 to 1.70, and it has a specific gravity of approximately 3.33 to 4.35. Peridot is a singly refractive gemstone, meaning it does not exhibit double refraction. Its color is due to the presence of iron, which gives it its characteristic green hue. Peridot is also known for its pleochroism, which means it can display different colors when viewed from different angles.
Sardonyx
Sardonyx has a hardness of 6.5 to 7 on the Mohs scale, making it a durable stone that is suitable for use in rings and pendants. It has a refractive index of approximately 1.48 to 1.53 and a specific gravity of around 2.60 to 2.65. Sardonyx is a translucent to opaque stone, and its coloration is due to the presence of iron oxides in the red bands and pure quartz in the white bands. The stone is often used in cameos and intaglios, as it can be carved into intricate designs without losing its structural integrity.
Spinel
Spinel is a hard and durable gemstone, with a hardness of 8 to 8.5 on the Mohs scale. It has a refractive index of approximately 1.718 to 1.834 and a specific gravity of around 3.6 to 4.0. Spinel is doubly refractive, meaning it can exhibit double refraction when viewed under a microscope. The stone is known for its excellent clarity and vibrant colors, which are caused by trace elements such as chromium, iron, and magnesium. Spinel is also known for its strong fluorescence, which can enhance its color and brilliance.
Symbolism and Metaphysical Beliefs
In addition to their physical properties, gemstones have long been associated with symbolic meanings and metaphysical properties. These beliefs vary across cultures and time periods but often reflect the perceived powers and energies of the stones.
Peridot
Peridot has been associated with a variety of symbolic meanings throughout history. In ancient Egypt, it was believed to bring protection and good fortune to the wearer. The stone was also thought to have healing properties, particularly for the eyes and digestive system. In medieval Europe, Peridot was used as a protective amulet, especially against nightmares and negative dreams. It was also believed to promote positivity and optimism, making it a popular stone for those seeking to overcome challenges.
Sardonyx
Sardonyx has long been associated with strength, courage, and protection. In ancient Rome, it was believed to provide protection to the wearer and was often used in amulets and talismans. The stone was also thought to help with digestion and was worn as a remedy for stomach ailments. Sardonyx is often associated with grounding and stability, making it a popular stone for those seeking to stay centered and focused. It is also believed to promote confidence and assertiveness, helping the wearer to take action and make decisions with certainty.
Spinel
Spinel is a stone of vitality and energy. It is believed to stimulate the body and mind, helping the wearer to complete difficult tasks and maintain motivation. The stone is also associated with love and passion, particularly in relationships. Spinel is thought to enhance emotional stability and encourage open communication, making it a valuable stone for those seeking to improve their interpersonal connections. In addition, Spinel is believed to have healing properties, particularly for the heart and circulatory system. It is also associated with the chakras, with different colors of Spinel being used to balance and align specific energy centers in the body.
Care and Cleaning
Proper care and cleaning are essential for maintaining the beauty and longevity of gemstones. Each stone has unique properties that require specific handling and maintenance techniques to prevent damage or dulling.
Peridot
Peridot is a relatively soft gemstone and can be easily scratched or chipped. To clean Peridot, it is best to use a soft cloth and warm, soapy water. Avoid using harsh chemicals or ultrasonic cleaners, as these can damage the stone. Peridot should also be stored separately from harder gemstones to prevent scratching. When wearing Peridot jewelry, it is advisable to avoid contact with abrasive materials and to remove it before engaging in activities that could cause impact or friction.
Sardonyx
Sardonyx is a durable gemstone that can be cleaned with a soft cloth and warm, soapy water. It is not sensitive to most chemicals and can be cleaned with mild detergents. However, it is best to avoid using ultrasonic cleaners or steam cleaning, as these can cause damage to the stone. Sardonyx should be stored in a dry place, away from direct sunlight, to prevent fading of the red bands. When wearing Sardonyx jewelry, it is advisable to avoid exposure to harsh chemicals, such as household cleaners or perfumes, which can dull the stone’s appearance.
Spinel
Spinel is a hard and durable gemstone that can be cleaned with a soft cloth and warm, soapy water. It is not sensitive to most chemicals and can be cleaned with mild detergents. Ultrasonic cleaners can also be used for Spinel, as they are generally safe for this type of stone. However, it is best to avoid steam cleaning, as this can cause damage to the stone. Spinel should be stored in a dry place, away from direct sunlight, to prevent fading of the color. When wearing Spinel jewelry, it is advisable to avoid exposure to harsh chemicals and to remove it before engaging in activities that could cause impact or friction.
Conclusion
The alternative birthstones of August—Peridot, Spinel, and Sardonyx—each have a rich history, unique gemological properties, and deep symbolic meanings. Peridot, with its vibrant green hue and association with protection and positivity, has been cherished for thousands of years. Sardonyx, with its striking red and white bands, has long been associated with strength, courage, and stability. Spinel, a relatively newer addition to the August birthstone list, is a versatile and colorful gemstone that has often been mistaken for other stones. These gemstones not only serve as beautiful adornments but also carry historical and cultural significance that has endured across time. Whether you are an August-born individual seeking to understand the significance of your birthstones or a gemstone enthusiast exploring the world of precious stones, these alternative August birthstones offer a fascinating glimpse into the enduring appeal of gemstones.