Spinel, the vibrant and historically significant gemstone, has recently gained recognition as an official birthstone for the month of August. Known for its dazzling colors and rich history, spinel is a mineral that has often been mistaken for other gemstones like ruby and sapphire. This article delves into the geological formation, historical significance, gemological properties, and cultural symbolism of the spinel birthstone. It also explores the care and cleaning methods necessary to maintain its beauty, as well as its place in the modern birthstone list.
History and Lore
The history of spinel is as rich and colorful as the gemstone itself. The name "spinel" is derived from the Latin word spina, meaning thorn, which refers to the sharp, crystalline shape of the gemstone. For centuries, spinel was mistaken for other precious stones, particularly ruby. Some of the most famous "rubies" in history, including the Black Prince’s "Ruby," were later identified as spinel. The Black Prince’s "Ruby" is a 170-carat gem that was believed to be a ruby until the 18th century, when advancements in gemology allowed for the distinction between the two minerals.
Spinel's historical significance is not limited to its misidentification. The gemstone was highly valued by ancient civilizations and was often referred to as "balas ruby" by gem merchants. Its association with royalty is evident in the fact that it was widely sought after by European and Middle Eastern monarchs. The addition of spinel to the official birthstone list in 2016 by the American Gem Trade Association (AGTA) and Jewelers of America (JA) marked a significant milestone in the gemstone's recognition. This addition was the result of a strong call from gem enthusiasts and a recognition of spinel's historical importance and aesthetic appeal.
Geological Formation and Sources
Spinel is a mineral that forms in a variety of geological environments, primarily in metamorphic and igneous rocks. The gemstone is found in several locations around the world, with major sources including Tajikistan, Myanmar, Sri Lanka, Vietnam, Tanzania, and Pakistan. Each of these locations is known for producing spinel in a range of colors, from intense red and vibrant pink to orange, purple, violet, blue, and bluish green.
The geological formation of spinel is influenced by the presence of specific elements such as magnesium, iron, and aluminum. The color variations in spinel are due to the presence of trace elements like chromium, iron, and cobalt. For example, red spinel is typically caused by the presence of chromium, while blue spinel is influenced by cobalt. The most prized colors of spinel are bright red, cobalt blue, and vivid pink and orange. These colors are highly sought after in the jewelry industry due to their rarity and beauty.
The discovery of new spinel deposits has contributed to the gemstone's increased availability and popularity. In 2007, a significant find in Tanzania produced pinkish and orangy red spinel, which captivated gem collectors and enthusiasts. This discovery highlighted the potential for new sources of high-quality spinel and reinforced the gemstone's status as a desirable option for jewelry and collectors alike.
Gemological Properties
Spinel is a durable gemstone with a hardness of 8.0 on the Mohs Hardness Scale, making it suitable for use in various types of jewelry, including rings, pendants, and earrings. Its durability is due to its crystalline structure, which provides resistance to scratches and wear. The gemstone's refractive index ranges from 1.712 to 1.717, with variations depending on the color of the spinel. Red spinel has a refractive index of 1.715 to 1.735, while blue spinel ranges from 1.715 to 1.747.
One of the distinguishing features of spinel is its brilliance and fire. The gemstone's high refractive index and low dispersion contribute to its exceptional sparkle and light performance. This makes spinel a popular choice for those seeking a gemstone that rivals the beauty of diamonds and other precious stones. The gemstone's optical properties also allow for the creation of unique color-change spinels, which can appear grayish blue or violet in daylight but show an amethyst-like purple in incandescent light. These color-change spinels are rare and highly valued by collectors.
Spinel is often cut and faceted in various shapes and sizes, with cushion and oval cuts being the most common. The gemstone's versatility in cutting allows for the creation of intricate designs that highlight its natural beauty. Additionally, spinel can be found in a wide range of sizes, from small accent stones to large centerpieces in jewelry pieces.
Symbolism and Metaphysical Beliefs
Throughout history, spinel has been associated with various symbolic and metaphysical beliefs. In ancient times, red spinel and other red gemstones were believed to have the power to cure blood-related ailments and inflammatory diseases. The gemstone was also thought to help ease anger and promote harmony, making it a popular choice for those seeking emotional balance and well-being.
Spinel is traditionally given as a gift for the 22nd wedding anniversary, symbolizing the enduring strength and beauty of a long-lasting relationship. The gemstone's vibrant colors and durability make it a fitting symbol for the resilience and passion that characterize a successful marriage. Additionally, spinel is associated with the month of August, representing the energy and vitality of the month.
In modern times, spinel has gained popularity as a gemstone that offers a unique alternative to more traditional stones like ruby and sapphire. Its wide range of colors and affordability make it an attractive option for those seeking a gemstone that is both beautiful and meaningful. The gemstone's historical significance and cultural symbolism further enhance its appeal, making it a valuable addition to the birthstone list.
Care and Cleaning
Due to its durability and hardness, spinel is a relatively easy gemstone to care for. The gemstone's 8.0 rating on the Mohs scale means that it can withstand daily wear and tear, making it suitable for use in rings and other jewelry that is worn frequently. However, it is important to note that some spinel stones may contain fractures or inclusions that could make them more susceptible to damage.
When it comes to cleaning spinel, ultrasonic and steam cleaners can be used, but caution should be exercised if the gemstone has fractures. A safer alternative is to use warm soapy water and a soft brush to clean the gemstone. This method is effective for removing dirt and grime without risking damage to the stone. It is also important to avoid exposing spinel to high heat, as this can cause some colors of the gemstone to fade.
Spinel is stable when exposed to light and chemicals, making it a versatile gemstone that can be worn in a variety of settings. However, it is advisable to store spinel jewelry separately from other gemstones to prevent scratching and to keep it away from harsh chemicals that could potentially damage the gemstone.
Conclusion
Spinel is a remarkable gemstone with a rich history, diverse geological origins, and a wide range of colors and properties. Its recognition as an official birthstone for August in 2016 by the American Gem Trade Association and Jewelers of America has brought renewed attention to this beautiful and historically significant gemstone. From its early misidentification as ruby to its current status as a sought-after alternative, spinel has captured the hearts of gemstone enthusiasts and jewelry lovers alike.
The gemstone's durability, brilliance, and unique color variations make it a valuable addition to any jewelry collection. Whether worn as a symbol of love and commitment on a 22nd wedding anniversary or chosen for its vibrant colors and historical significance, spinel offers a timeless appeal that continues to captivate and inspire. As research and exploration continue to uncover new sources of high-quality spinel, the gemstone's popularity is likely to grow, ensuring its place as a cherished and enduring gemstone for generations to come.