The December Birthstone: Tanzanite – A Rare Gemstone of Color and Mystery

December is marked by the enchanting Tanzanite, a gemstone that stands out in the world of birthstones due to its rarity and striking color. Discovered relatively recently in the 1960s in Tanzania, Tanzanite has since become a favorite for those born in December, symbolizing transformation and spiritual growth. This article explores the geological properties, historical significance, and cultural lore surrounding Tanzanite, offering a comprehensive overview for gemstone enthusiasts, jewelry buyers, and students of gemology.

Introduction

Tanzanite, the December birthstone, is a captivating gemstone known for its deep blue to violet hues. Unlike many other gemstones, Tanzanite is found exclusively in Tanzania, making it one of the rarest gems in the world. Its unique coloration and the fact that it was discovered only in the mid-20th century add to its allure and mystery. This article delves into the history of Tanzanite, its geological formation, and its cultural significance, while also providing practical advice on how to care for Tanzanite jewelry.

History and Lore

Tanzanite's discovery in the 1960s in Tanzania was a significant event in the gemstone world. The gemstone was first identified as a new species of the mineral zoisite. However, it was not until it was cut and polished that its stunning blue-violet color was revealed, leading to its popularization as a gemstone. Tanzanite quickly became a favorite among jewelers and collectors due to its vibrant color and the fact that it was being sourced from a single location.

The name "Tanzanite" is derived from the country where it was discovered, Tanzania. This gemstone is often associated with transformation and spiritual growth, making it a meaningful choice for those who value personal development and emotional healing. While the SOURCES do not provide specific historical anecdotes or lore about Tanzanite, its modern association with December birthdays and its symbolic meanings are well-established in the gemstone community.

Geological Formation and Sources

Tanzanite is a type of zoisite, a calcium aluminum silicate with the chemical formula Ca₂Al₃(SiO₄)(Si₂O₇)O(OH). The gemstone's unique blue-violet color is due to trace amounts of vanadium within the crystal structure. Tanzanite is found only in the Merelani Hills of Tanzania, which is a testament to its rarity. The Merelani Hills are located near the city of Arusha and are known for their rich deposits of Tanzanite.

The geological formation of Tanzanite involves high-pressure and high-temperature conditions, which are necessary for the development of its crystal structure. The presence of vanadium, which is responsible for the gemstone's color, is a result of the specific geological conditions found in the Merelani Hills. These conditions are not replicated elsewhere in the world, which is why Tanzanite is considered a rare and valuable gemstone.

The mining of Tanzanite in Tanzania is a significant industry, with the gemstone being a major export for the country. The government of Tanzania has taken steps to regulate the mining and export of Tanzanite to ensure that the resource is used sustainably and that the benefits of the gemstone industry are shared with the local communities.

Gemological Properties

Tanzanite is a gemstone that is highly valued for its beauty and unique properties. Some of the key gemological properties of Tanzanite include:

Color: Tanzanite is known for its deep blue to violet coloration, which is caused by the presence of vanadium. The most valuable Tanzanites exhibit a strong blue-violet color, often referred to as "paraiba blue."
Clarity: Tanzanite typically has inclusions, which are natural imperfections within the gemstone. These inclusions are not considered flaws but rather part of the gemstone's character and authenticity. Tanzanite is often cut in a way that minimizes the visibility of inclusions.
Cut: Tanzanite is often cut in a cushion or oval shape to enhance its color and brilliance. The cut is designed to maximize the gemstone's play of light and to showcase its vibrant color.
Carat Weight: Tanzanite is available in a range of carat weights, with larger stones being rarer and more valuable. The price of Tanzanite increases with carat weight, making larger Tanzanites highly sought after.
Hardness: Tanzanite has a hardness of 6 to 7 on the Mohs scale, which means it is relatively soft compared to other gemstones like diamonds (10) and rubies (9). This makes Tanzanite more susceptible to scratches and damage, so it requires careful handling and protection.
Refractive Index: The refractive index of Tanzanite ranges from 1.694 to 1.704, which contributes to its brilliance and sparkle when cut and polished.

The SOURCES do not provide detailed information on the chemical formula, refractive index, or specific hardness values of Tanzanite. However, based on general gemological knowledge and the information provided in the SOURCES, the above properties are typical of Tanzanite and are consistent with its classification as a zoisite.

Symbolism and Metaphysical Beliefs

Tanzanite is often associated with spiritual growth, emotional healing, and transformation. It is believed to have a calming effect on the mind and body, making it a popular choice for meditation and spiritual practices. Tanzanite is also associated with the throat and third eye chakras, which are believed to be centers of communication and intuition.

In the metaphysical community, Tanzanite is thought to help individuals overcome fears and anxieties, promoting a sense of peace and balance. It is also believed to enhance the ability to see the future and to make wise decisions. These beliefs are not explicitly stated in the SOURCES but are widely accepted in the gemstone and spiritual communities.

The association of Tanzanite with December birthdays adds to its significance. Those born in December are often drawn to the gemstone's symbolic meanings, using it as a talisman to support their personal growth and emotional well-being. The SOURCES do not provide specific historical or cultural references to these beliefs, but they are commonly found in gemstone lore and metaphysical traditions.

Care and Cleaning

Given its relative softness (6 to 7 on the Mohs scale), Tanzanite requires careful handling to prevent scratches and damage. The following tips are recommended for the care and cleaning of Tanzanite jewelry:

Avoid Exposure to Hard Surfaces: Tanzanite should be kept away from hard surfaces that could cause scratches. It is advisable to store Tanzanite jewelry in a soft pouch or a lined jewelry box to protect it from contact with other gemstones or metal surfaces.
Avoid Harsh Chemicals: Tanzanite should not be exposed to harsh chemicals, including household cleaners, perfumes, and cosmetics. These substances can dull the gemstone's color and damage its surface. It is best to remove Tanzanite jewelry before using any products that contain chemicals.
Clean Gently: Tanzanite can be cleaned with a soft cloth and lukewarm water. A mild soap can be used to create a gentle cleaning solution. It is important to avoid using ultrasonic cleaners, as the vibrations can cause damage to the gemstone. Tanzanite should also not be exposed to steam cleaners, as the heat can cause the gemstone to crack.
Avoid Extreme Temperatures: Tanzanite is sensitive to extreme temperatures, so it should be kept away from direct heat sources such as stoves, heaters, and direct sunlight for prolonged periods. Sudden temperature changes can cause the gemstone to crack or become brittle.
Professional Cleaning: For more thorough cleaning, it is recommended to take Tanzanite jewelry to a professional jeweler who has experience with the gemstone. The jeweler can use appropriate methods to clean the gemstone without causing damage.

By following these care and cleaning guidelines, Tanzanite jewelry can be enjoyed for many years, maintaining its beauty and value.

Conclusion

Tanzanite, the December birthstone, is a rare and captivating gemstone that is prized for its deep blue-violet color and its association with transformation and spiritual growth. Discovered in Tanzania in the 1960s, Tanzanite is a unique gemstone that is found only in this location, making it one of the rarest gems in the world. Its geological properties, including its chemical composition, color, and hardness, contribute to its allure and value. Tanzanite is also associated with metaphysical beliefs that emphasize emotional healing and spiritual growth, making it a meaningful choice for those born in December. With proper care and handling, Tanzanite jewelry can be enjoyed for a lifetime, preserving its beauty and significance.