August is a month distinguished in the world of gemology by its possession of not one, not two, but three birthstones: peridot, spinel, and sardonyx. This unique combination offers a rich tapestry of colors, histories, and symbolic meanings that set August apart from other months. Each of these gemstones carries its own individual charm and significance, making the month a treasure trove for gemstone enthusiasts and jewelry collectors alike. This article explores the origins, properties, symbolism, and significance of each of these three gemstones, tracing their historical roots and modern recognition as official birthstones for those born in August.
Introduction
The tradition of assigning gemstones to each month of the year dates back centuries, with roots in both religious and cultural practices. August is particularly special in this regard, as it is one of only three months—along with June and December—to have multiple birthstones. The selection of three gemstones for August reflects a blend of historical tradition, geological abundance, and contemporary recognition by modern gemological authorities.
Each of the three August birthstones—peridot, spinel, and sardonyx—has its own distinct characteristics and story. Peridot, the most commonly associated gemstone with August, has been cherished for its vibrant green color and symbolic ties to light and purity. Sardonyx, the oldest of the trio, is a banded chalcedony with a long history of use in ancient jewelry and amulets. Spinel, the newest addition to the August birthstone list, was officially recognized in 2016 for its versatility in color and resemblance to ruby and sapphire.
In this article, we will explore the history, geological properties, symbolism, and care of each of these gemstones, providing a comprehensive overview for those interested in the significance of August’s birthstone trio.
History and Lore
The tradition of assigning gemstones to birth months is a centuries-old practice, with its origins often traced back to the High Priest Aaron’s breastplate in the Old Testament. This breastplate was said to contain twelve stones representing the twelve tribes of Israel, and it is from this biblical reference that the concept of birthstones is thought to have emerged. Over time, this practice evolved into a cultural tradition that linked gemstones to the months of the year, with the belief that wearing a stone corresponding to one’s birth month could bring good fortune, health, and protection.
August, like many months, has seen changes in its official birthstones over time. Initially, sardonyx was the sole gemstone associated with August. This banded chalcedony was highly valued in ancient times, particularly in the Roman and Egyptian Empires, where it was often carved into cameos and amulets. Sardonyx was believed to offer protection against harm and was considered a symbol of strength and courage.
However, as the practice of assigning birthstones continued to evolve, peridot was added to the list of August birthstones. This decision was influenced by the similarity in color between peridot and sardonyx, as well as the increasing popularity of peridot in jewelry. Peridot was officially recognized as an August birthstone in 1912 by the American Gem Society. Its bright green color, often referred to as the "gem of the sun," made it a popular choice for those born in August.
The most recent addition to the August birthstone list is spinel. In 2016, the Gemological Institute of America and the American Gem Trade Association officially recognized spinel as a third birthstone for August. This decision was made to modernize the birthstone tradition and acknowledge the beauty and versatility of spinel, which had often been mistaken for ruby or sapphire due to its similar appearance.
The inclusion of three gemstones for August reflects the evolving nature of the birthstone tradition. It also highlights the diversity and richness of gemstones available in the natural world, allowing individuals born in August to choose a stone that best resonates with their personal style and preferences.
Geological Formation and Sources
Each of the three August birthstones has its own unique geological formation and source locations, which contribute to their rarity, beauty, and value.
Peridot
Peridot is a silicate mineral that belongs to the olivine family. It is formed deep within the Earth’s mantle and brought to the surface through volcanic activity. Peridot is one of the few gemstones that can be found in meteorites, making it one of the oldest known gemstones in the universe. The color of peridot is determined by the amount of iron in its crystal structure, ranging from a pale yellow-green to a deep olive green.
Major sources of gem-quality peridot include Arizona in the United States, Egypt, Brazil, and Myanmar. Arizona is particularly known for producing high-quality peridot due to the presence of lava flows that contain the gemstone. Peridot is relatively abundant compared to other gemstones, but gem-quality specimens are considered rare due to their chemical instability on the Earth’s surface.
Spinels
Spinel is a mineral composed of magnesium aluminum silicate. It forms in metamorphic and igneous rocks and is often found in association with other gemstones such as ruby and sapphire. Spinels can be found in a wide range of colors, including red, pink, orange, blue, and black, making them highly versatile in jewelry.
Significant sources of spinel include Myanmar, Sri Lanka, Vietnam, and Tanzania. Red spinels, often mistaken for rubies, have been historically referred to as "balas rubies." The discovery of the 316-carat "Black Prince’s Ruby" in the British Crown Jewels, which is actually a spinel, is a famous example of the gemstone's misidentification.
Sardonyx
Sardonyx is a type of chalcedony that consists of layers of sard (a reddish-brown quartz) and onyx (a black or white quartz). It is formed through the slow deposition of silica in sedimentary rocks and is often found in regions with volcanic activity. Sardonyx is known for its distinct banding and has been used in jewelry and amulets for centuries.
Major sources of sardonyx include India, Brazil, and the United States. It was particularly popular in ancient Rome, where it was used to create cameos and signet rings. Sardonyx is relatively abundant and affordable, making it a popular choice for engraving and decorative purposes.
Gemological Properties
Understanding the gemological properties of each of the August birthstones is essential for appreciating their beauty and value. These properties include color, hardness, clarity, and refractive index, which are important factors in determining the durability and appearance of a gemstone in jewelry.
Peridot
- Color: Peridot is known for its distinctive green color, which is caused by the presence of iron in its crystal structure. The intensity of the green can vary depending on the concentration of iron.
- Hardness: On the Mohs scale, peridot has a hardness of 6.5 to 7. This makes it relatively durable for everyday wear but still susceptible to scratches from harder gemstones.
- Clarity: Peridot is typically transparent to translucent and is known for its inclusions, which are often considered part of its charm.
- Refractive Index: Peridot has a refractive index of 1.65 to 1.70, giving it a moderate level of brilliance when cut and polished.
Spinel
- Color: Spinels come in a wide range of colors, including red, pink, orange, blue, and black. The most valuable spinels are those with intense red or blue colors.
- Hardness: Spinel has a hardness of 8 on the Mohs scale, making it one of the hardest gemstones after corundum (ruby and sapphire).
- Clarity: Spinels are typically clear and free of inclusions, which makes them highly desirable for jewelry.
- Refractive Index: Spinels have a refractive index of 1.718 to 1.736, which gives them a brilliant sparkle when cut properly.
Sardonyx
- Color: Sardonyx is characterized by its distinct banding of sard and onyx. The sard layers are typically reddish-brown, while the onyx layers are black or white.
- Hardness: Sardonyx has a hardness of 6.5 to 7 on the Mohs scale, making it suitable for use in jewelry.
- Clarity: Sardonyx is typically translucent and is known for its fine, even banding.
- Refractive Index: Sardonyx has a refractive index of 1.53 to 1.54, which gives it a moderate level of brilliance when polished.
Symbolism and Metaphysical Beliefs
Each of the August birthstones carries its own symbolic meaning and metaphysical properties, which have been attributed to them by various cultures throughout history.
Peridot
Peridot has long been associated with light, purity, and positive energy. In ancient times, it was believed to bring protection from nightmares and negative thoughts. It was also thought to promote strength and courage, making it a popular gemstone for warriors and leaders.
In modern times, peridot is considered a stone of happiness and renewal. It is believed to help individuals release negative emotions and attract positive change. Peridot is also associated with the sun and is thought to bring warmth and vitality to those who wear it.
Spinels
Spinels have been linked to love, passion, and vitality. In ancient times, they were believed to bring strength and endurance, making them a popular gemstone for those in need of energy and motivation. Red spinels, in particular, were associated with the heart and were thought to enhance love and compassion.
Spinels are also believed to promote emotional balance and mental clarity. They are thought to help individuals overcome fear and anxiety and encourage a sense of confidence and self-worth.
Sardonyx
Sardonyx has been associated with protection, strength, and success. In ancient times, it was believed to offer protection against harm and was often used in amulets and talismans. It was also thought to promote courage and determination, making it a popular gemstone for warriors and leaders.
Sardonyx is also linked to communication and confidence. It is believed to help individuals express themselves clearly and confidently, making it a popular gemstone for those in positions of leadership or public speaking.
Care and Cleaning
Proper care and cleaning are essential for maintaining the beauty and longevity of August birthstone jewelry. Each gemstone has its own specific requirements for cleaning and storage, based on its hardness, chemical composition, and sensitivity to heat and light.
Peridot
Peridot should be cleaned with mild soap and warm water. It is important to avoid using harsh chemicals or ultrasonic cleaners, as peridot is relatively soft and can be easily scratched or damaged. Peridot should also be stored separately from harder gemstones to prevent scratches.
Peridot is sensitive to heat and should not be exposed to high temperatures for extended periods. It should also be protected from direct sunlight, as prolonged exposure can cause the color to fade.
Spinels
Spinels are highly durable and can be cleaned with mild soap and warm water. They are also safe to use with ultrasonic cleaners and steam cleaners, making them easy to maintain. Spinels should be stored in a dry, cool place to prevent any potential damage.
Spinels are not sensitive to heat or light and can be worn in a variety of settings without concern for fading or discoloration.
Sardonyx
Sardonyx can be cleaned with mild soap and warm water. It is important to avoid using harsh chemicals or abrasive cleaners, as sardonyx can be scratched or dulled by these substances. Sardonyx should also be stored separately from harder gemstones to prevent scratches.
Sardonyx is not sensitive to heat or light and can be worn in a variety of settings without concern for fading or discoloration.
Conclusion
August is a unique month in the world of birthstones, as it is one of only three months to have three official birthstones: peridot, spinel, and sardonyx. Each of these gemstones has its own distinct history, geological properties, and symbolic meaning, making them valuable additions to the world of jewelry and gemology.
Peridot, with its vibrant green color and association with light and purity, is the most commonly recognized August birthstone. Sardonyx, the oldest of the trio, has a long history of use in ancient jewelry and amulets. Spinel, the newest addition to the August birthstone list, was officially recognized in 2016 for its versatility and resemblance to ruby and sapphire.
The inclusion of three gemstones for August reflects the evolving nature of the birthstone tradition and the diversity of gemstones available in the natural world. Whether you are drawn to the brilliance of peridot, the versatility of spinel, or the strength of sardonyx, each of these gemstones offers a unique and meaningful connection to the month of August.
Sources
- James Avery - August Birthstone
- My Irish Jeweler - Lucky August Babies Have Three Birthstones
- Molly Jewelry US - August Birthstones: Peridot, Spinel, and Sardonyx
- My Jewelry Repair - August Birthstones: Peridot, Spinel, Sardonyx
- MPA Panchang - Significance of August Month Birthstones
- The Fact Site - August Birthstone Facts