March, the transitional month between winter and spring, is symbolically represented by two captivating gemstones—aquamarine and bloodstone. These stones, each with distinct visual characteristics and historical significance, embody the resilience and renewal associated with this time of year. While aquamarine, with its serene light blue hues, is widely recognized as the primary birthstone for March, bloodstone—distinguished by its deep green base with striking red flecks—serves as an equally meaningful alternative. Together, they form a unique duality in the tradition of birthstones, offering both aesthetic beauty and symbolic depth.
This article explores the historical, geological, and cultural significance of these two March birthstones. We will examine their origins, gemological properties, traditional uses, and the meanings attributed to them across different cultures and time periods. Additionally, we will consider the practical aspects of caring for these stones, ensuring their beauty and value are preserved for generations.
History and Lore
The tradition of birthstones dates back to ancient times, with roots in both biblical and cultural traditions. In the 1st century AD, the High Priest’s Breastplate, described in the Book of Exodus, listed 12 stones corresponding to the 12 tribes of Israel. Over time, these were interpreted as the 12 gemstones of the zodiac and later aligned with the 12 months of the modern calendar. The practice of wearing a gemstone associated with one’s birth month gained popularity in Europe during the 1500s, particularly in Germany and Poland, where jewelers began crafting birthstone jewelry. By the 1800s, standardized lists emerged, with Tiffany & Co. playing a pivotal role by publishing birthstone poems in 1870.
For March, the tradition of dual birthstones reflects both historical continuity and the evolving understanding of gemology. Bloodstone appears in the earliest birthstone lists as the sole representative for March. However, as gemological science advanced and the identification of stones became more precise, aquamarine—a member of the beryl family—was added as an official March birthstone. This duality allows for a broader selection of stones that reflect both the symbolic and aesthetic qualities of the month.
Aquamarine, meaning “water of the sea” in Latin, has long been associated with maritime themes. Ancient sailors believed it brought calm seas and protection from storms. Bloodstone, on the other hand, was revered for its grounding and invigorating properties, symbolizing strength, courage, and vitality. These contrasting yet complementary characteristics make the two stones a fitting representation of March’s duality—bridging the end of winter with the promise of spring.
Geological Formation and Sources
Aquamarine
Aquamarine is a member of the beryl family, which also includes emerald and morganite. It is composed of beryl (Be₃Al₂(SiO₃)₆) and gets its blue to blue-green coloration from trace amounts of ferrous iron (Fe²⁺). The clarity and intensity of its color vary depending on the iron content and the size of the crystal. Larger stones tend to display deeper hues, while smaller ones are often lighter and more transparent.
Aquamarine is typically found in granitic pegmatites and metamorphic rocks. Major sources include:
- Brazil (especially the states of Minas Gerais and Bahia), which is the largest and most consistent producer of aquamarine.
- Nigeria, known for producing some of the finest deep blue aquamarines.
- Madagascar and Zambia, which also yield high-quality specimens.
- United States (notably in Colorado and California), though production is less significant.
Aquamarine is a relatively hard gemstone, with a Mohs hardness of 7.5 to 8, making it durable for everyday wear. Its transparency and refractive index (1.56 to 1.58) allow it to display a soft, luminous glow when faceted.
Bloodstone
Bloodstone is a chalcedony—a form of microcrystalline quartz—with a dark green base and red spots. The red inclusions are typically composed of hematite or iron oxide, which gives the stone its characteristic appearance. The name “bloodstone” is derived from the red flecks that resemble drops of blood on the green surface.
Geologically, bloodstone is formed in sedimentary and volcanic environments. It is commonly found in:
- India, which is the most significant source of bloodstone.
- Nepal, where it is often referred to as “Indian jasper.”
- Brazil, where it is found in a variety of chalcedony deposits.
- United States (especially in Arizona and Nevada), though production is limited.
Bloodstone has a Mohs hardness of 6.5 to 7, making it suitable for cabochons and carved pieces. Unlike aquamarine, it is usually opaque and is not faceted. Its durability and affordability have made it a popular choice for rings, pendants, and other jewelry.
Gemological Properties
| Property | Aquamarine | Bloodstone |
|---|---|---|
| Chemical Formula | Be₃Al₂(SiO₃)₆ | SiO₂ (with iron inclusions) |
| Crystal System | Hexagonal | Trigonal (as chalcedony) |
| Color | Blue, blue-green, greenish-blue | Dark green with red flecks |
| Hardness (Mohs) | 7.5–8 | 6.5–7 |
| Refractive Index | 1.56–1.58 | 1.53–1.54 |
| Transparency | Transparent to translucent | Opaque |
| Luster | Vitreous | Waxy to greasy |
| Cleavage | Weak in one direction | None |
| Specific Gravity | 2.66–2.83 | 2.58–2.64 |
| Common Cuts | Faceted (round, emerald, princess) | Cabochon |
These properties make aquamarine ideal for faceted jewelry, while bloodstone is better suited for cabochons or carvings. Both stones, however, are durable and suitable for a range of jewelry applications.
Symbolism and Metaphysical Beliefs
Aquamarine
Aquamarine has long been associated with calmness, serenity, and emotional balance. In ancient times, it was believed to be a sailor’s talisman, protecting travelers at sea and ensuring safe passage. Sailors wore aquamarine to prevent illness and calm turbulent waters. The Romans also attributed calming properties to the stone, believing it could soothe tempers and promote rational thinking.
In the Middle Ages, aquamarine was thought to prevent poisoning and was used by apothecaries to create protective elixirs. By the 19th century, it had become a symbol of youthful vitality and new beginnings, making it a popular choice for birthday gifts and anniversary jewelry.
Metaphysically, aquamarine is considered a stone of truth, trust, and communication. It is believed to enhance self-expression, encourage honesty, and support emotional healing. It is also associated with the Throat Chakra, aiding in the expression of thoughts and feelings.
Bloodstone
Bloodstone, in contrast, is a stone of strength, courage, and vitality. It has been used for centuries as a protective stone, particularly for warriors and hunters. Ancient warriors wore bloodstone to boost endurance, increase stamina, and maintain composure in battle.
The stone’s red inclusions were historically believed to be drops of Christ’s blood, hence its name and its association with Christian symbolism. It was used in early Christian jewelry and is still considered a stone of purification and spiritual cleansing in many traditions.
Metaphysically, bloodstone is known as the “stone of vitality”, stimulating energy, willpower, and courage. It is often used in spiritual practices to enhance grounding, focus, and intuition. It is also believed to help with decision-making and emotional stability, making it a popular choice for those undergoing major life transitions.
Care and Cleaning
Due to their differing physical properties, aquamarine and bloodstone require slightly different care routines to maintain their beauty and longevity.
Aquamarine Care
- Cleaning: Aquamarine can be cleaned with mild soap and warm water. A soft brush can be used to gently remove dirt from the facets.
- Ultrasonic Cleaners: These are generally safe for aquamarine, though it is advisable to consult a professional for larger or valuable stones.
- Steam Cleaning: This is also safe for aquamarine.
- Storage: Store aquamarine separately from harder gemstones to prevent scratches. A soft cloth or padded jewelry box is recommended.
- Avoid: Exposure to harsh chemicals, extreme heat, or prolonged sunlight, which can cause fading or damage.
Bloodstone Care
- Cleaning: Bloodstone should be cleaned with a soft cloth and mild soap and water. Avoid using harsh abrasives or harsh chemicals.
- Ultrasonic Cleaners: These are generally not recommended for bloodstone, as the stone’s porous nature can trap water and cause damage.
- Steam Cleaning: This is not recommended for bloodstone.
- Storage: Store bloodstone in a dry, cool place, preferably in a soft pouch or padded box to avoid scratches and chipping.
- Avoid: Prolonged exposure to heat or direct sunlight, which can cause fading or deterioration of the surface.
Both stones benefit from regular inspection for loose settings or signs of wear, especially if worn frequently. Professional cleaning and evaluation by a gemologist can help maintain their beauty and value over time.
Conclusion
March’s dual birthstones—aquamarine and bloodstone—offer a rich tapestry of history, symbolism, and beauty. Aquamarine, with its serene blue tones, represents calm, clarity, and protection, while bloodstone, with its bold red and green hues, embodies strength, vitality, and courage. Together, they reflect the duality of March—a month of transition and renewal.
For gemstone enthusiasts and jewelry buyers, these stones provide both aesthetic appeal and meaningful symbolism. Whether worn as a personal talisman, a birthday gift, or an anniversary token, aquamarine and bloodstone continue to captivate with their unique charm and enduring legacy.
Understanding their geological origins, gemological properties, and cultural significance allows us to appreciate these stones not just for their beauty, but for the stories they carry through time.