For those born on March 18, the birthstone is aquamarine, a gemstone steeped in ancient lore and celebrated for its serene beauty. As one of the two traditional birthstones for the month of March—alongside bloodstone—aquamarine carries a rich history of symbolism, cultural significance, and geological fascination. This article delves into the properties, history, and spiritual meanings of aquamarine, offering a comprehensive exploration of why this gemstone remains a cherished symbol for those born on March 18.
Introduction
Aquamarine is a captivating gemstone, known for its delicate blue and blue-green hues that evoke the colors of the sea. As the birthstone for March 18, it represents both the month’s transition into spring and its symbolic association with clarity, calm, and courage. Beyond its aesthetic appeal, aquamarine has a storied history in various cultures, from ancient civilizations to modern royalty, and is often regarded as a stone of protection and emotional healing.
This article explores the multifaceted nature of aquamarine through several lenses: its historical significance, its geological formation and sources, its gemological properties, its symbolic and metaphysical meanings, and practical advice for its care and use in jewelry. Whether you're a gemstone enthusiast, a prospective jewelry buyer, or a student of gemology, this article provides an in-depth look at the March 18 birthstone.
History and Lore
Aquamarine has been revered since ancient times, with early civilizations attributing protective and calming properties to the stone. The name "aquamarine" itself is derived from the Latin words aqua (water) and marina (of the sea), a testament to its deep connection with the ocean. This association is not merely aesthetic—it is deeply rooted in the myths and beliefs of the Greeks and Romans, who saw aquamarine as a talisman for seafarers and a symbol of hope for travelers.
In ancient times, it was believed that aquamarine was the treasure of the lost city of Atlantis, a civilization that supposedly held great power over the sea. The Greeks and Romans, in particular, held aquamarine in high regard, believing it could protect sailors from the perils of the sea. Sailors would often carry aquamarine amulets on their journeys, and it was common practice to give a carved aquamarine amulet to a loved one before they embarked on a long voyage. The stone was also believed to calm the seas and ensure safe passage, making it a vital companion for maritime expeditions.
The Renaissance period marked a turning point in aquamarine’s popularity. As faceting techniques improved, the stone’s natural clarity and color became more pronounced, making it a sought-after gem in jewelry. By the 19th century, aquamarine had become a staple in various jewelry styles, including Victorian, Belle Epoque, Art Nouveau, and Art Deco designs. It has remained a popular choice in contemporary jewelry, with notable figures such as Queen Elizabeth II incorporating aquamarine into her royal collection.
Queen Elizabeth II’s connection with aquamarine is particularly noteworthy. During a visit to Brazil, she received a beautiful aquamarine necklace and matching earrings. Upon her return to England, she commissioned her jeweler to create a complete set of jewelry, including a tiara, bracelet, and brooch, to form a parure—a coordinated set of jewelry. This royal endorsement further solidified aquamarine’s status as a gemstone of elegance and prestige.
The tradition of associating gemstones with birth months dates back to the 1st century AD, when early historians linked biblical lists of 12 stones to the 12 zodiac signs and the 12 months of the year. While the ancient texts do not always specify the exact stones, they laid the foundation for the birthstone tradition. The modern standardized list of birthstones, however, was not established until the 19th century. One of the earliest recorded references to birthstone jewelry in this format is attributed to an anonymous Gregorian author, with Tiffany & Co. publishing birthstone poems in 1870 that helped popularize the concept.
For March, the tradition initially recognized only bloodstone as the birthstone. However, as gemological knowledge advanced and faceting techniques improved, aquamarine was added to the list, reflecting a broader appreciation for its beauty and symbolic meaning. Today, March is uniquely represented by two traditional birthstones—aquamarine and bloodstone—each with its own distinct properties and lore.
Geological Formation and Sources
Aquamarine is a variety of beryl, a mineral species that also includes emerald. Its formation is closely tied to geological processes that occur deep within the Earth’s crust. Beryl typically forms in pegmatite rock, which is an igneous rock that crystallizes from magma. The presence of iron in the beryl structure is what gives aquamarine its distinctive blue or blue-green color. The intensity of the color depends on the amount of iron present and the way the crystal is cut and polished.
The most notable sources of aquamarine are found in Brazil, particularly in the states of Minas Gerais and Bahia. Brazil is known for producing some of the largest and most vibrant aquamarine specimens in the world. Other significant sources include Nigeria, Madagascar, Zambia, and the United States, where aquamarine is found in states like California and Colorado. The largest aquamarine crystal ever discovered was a 19-foot-long piece found in Brazil, weighing over 200 pounds.
Aquamarine is typically mined from open-pit or underground mines, where it is extracted from pegmatite deposits. Once extracted, the rough crystals are cut and polished to enhance their color and clarity. Because of its relatively high hardness—ranking at 7.5 to 8 on the Mohs scale—aquamarine is durable enough to be used in a variety of jewelry settings. However, it is still susceptible to damage from hard knocks or exposure to harsh chemicals, so proper care is essential.
Gemological Properties
Aquamarine’s gemological properties are as impressive as its historical and cultural significance. Here are the key characteristics that define this gemstone:
Color: Aquamarine is best known for its clear blue and blue-green hues. The coloration is due to the presence of iron in the crystal structure. The most valuable aquamarines are those with a medium to deep blue color, as these are relatively rare. The color should be evenly distributed without any visible zoning or color banding.
Hardness: On the Mohs scale of mineral hardness, aquamarine ranks between 7.5 and 8. This makes it a durable gemstone suitable for everyday wear in jewelry. However, it is not as hard as sapphire or ruby, so it can be scratched by harder materials like diamonds.
Clarity: Aquamarine is generally known for its high clarity. Most stones are free of inclusions visible to the naked eye. However, some specimens may contain minor inclusions that add character and authenticity to the gemstone. The clarity of aquamarine can affect its value, with clearer stones being more desirable.
Cut: Aquamarine is most commonly cut into brilliant cuts or step cuts, which enhance its clarity and color. The most popular cut is the round brilliant cut, which maximizes the gemstone’s sparkle. Other popular cuts include oval, emerald, and pear shapes, which can showcase the stone’s color in different ways.
Carat Weight: Aquamarine is known for its ability to be found in large sizes, with specimens weighing several carats being relatively common. This makes it a popular choice for center stones in rings, pendants, and earrings. The size and color of the stone are the primary factors that determine its value.
Refractive Index: The refractive index of aquamarine ranges between 1.56 and 1.60. This relatively low refractive index means that aquamarine does not have the same level of brilliance as diamonds or sapphires, but it does have a soft, luminous quality that many find appealing.
Luster: Aquamarine has a vitreous (glassy) luster when polished, which enhances its overall appearance and makes it suitable for a variety of jewelry styles.
These properties make aquamarine a versatile and attractive gemstone that can be used in both classic and contemporary jewelry designs.
Symbolism and Metaphysical Beliefs
Aquamarine has long been associated with a range of symbolic and metaphysical meanings. In addition to its protective qualities for sailors, the stone is believed to promote calmness, clarity, and emotional balance. It is often used in meditation practices and is considered a stone of serenity and peace. Many believe that aquamarine helps to soothe anxiety and promote a sense of inner tranquility, making it a popular choice for those seeking emotional healing.
In ancient times, aquamarine was also believed to have healing properties. It was used to treat ailments related to the throat and lungs, and was thought to help with communication and self-expression. Some cultures believed that the stone could help people find their true voice and speak their truth with confidence and clarity.
Modern crystal healing practitioners continue to use aquamarine for its calming and protective properties. They believe that the stone can help to align the throat chakra, which is associated with communication and self-expression. Aquamarine is also believed to enhance intuition and promote a sense of trust in one’s own decisions.
In addition to its individual properties, aquamarine is also associated with the zodiac sign Pisces. Those born under the sign of Pisces are said to be sensitive, intuitive, and compassionate, and aquamarine is believed to support these traits by enhancing emotional sensitivity and promoting a deeper connection to the world around them.
Care and Cleaning
Because of its relatively high hardness, aquamarine is a durable gemstone that can be worn in a variety of jewelry settings. However, it still requires proper care to maintain its beauty and longevity. Here are some tips for cleaning and maintaining aquamarine jewelry:
Avoid Harsh Chemicals: Aquamarine should not be exposed to harsh chemicals or acidic solutions, as these can damage the stone’s surface and affect its color. Avoid using household cleaners, perfumes, and lotions while wearing aquamarine jewelry.
Gentle Cleaning: The best way to clean aquamarine is with a soft cloth and a mild soap solution. Gently wipe the stone with a damp cloth to remove any dirt or debris. Avoid using ultrasonic or steam cleaners, as these can cause damage to the gemstone.
Store Properly: When not in use, aquamarine jewelry should be stored in a soft, padded container to prevent scratches and damage. It is best to store it separately from other gemstones, especially those that are harder, such as diamonds or sapphires.
Avoid Extreme Temperatures: Aquamarine is sensitive to extreme temperatures and should not be exposed to sudden temperature changes. Avoid wearing aquamarine jewelry in hot environments or when using saunas or steam rooms.
Regular Inspection: It is a good idea to have aquamarine jewelry inspected by a professional jeweler on a regular basis to ensure that the setting is secure and that the stone is in good condition.
By following these simple care tips, you can help ensure that your aquamarine jewelry remains beautiful and valuable for years to come.
Conclusion
Aquamarine is a gemstone of remarkable beauty, rich history, and profound symbolism. For those born on March 18, it is a powerful and meaningful birthstone that represents the calmness of the sea, the courage of the traveler, and the clarity of the mind. Whether worn as a piece of jewelry or used in meditation and healing practices, aquamarine offers a unique connection to the natural world and the human spirit.
From its ancient origins as a protective talisman for sailors to its modern-day status as a royal gemstone, aquamarine continues to captivate and inspire. Its geological properties make it a versatile and durable gemstone, while its symbolic meanings offer a deeper connection to the emotions and energies of the wearer.
As you explore the world of birthstones, aquamarine stands as a testament to the enduring power of gemstones to touch our lives in meaningful ways. Whether you are drawn to its serene beauty, its historical significance, or its metaphysical properties, aquamarine is a gemstone that deserves a place in every gemstone enthusiast’s collection.