The December 28th birthstone, Tanzanite, is a gemstone of exceptional rarity, deep symbolism, and striking coloration. Discovered in the 1960s near Mount Kilimanjaro in Tanzania, this gemstone has rapidly gained recognition as a modern treasure in the world of colored gemstones. As a birthstone, it is believed to enhance spiritual awareness and emotional transformation, making it particularly meaningful for those born on this date.
Tanzanite is a relatively recent discovery in gemological history, yet it has already carved out a unique niche in the hearts of gemstone enthusiasts and collectors. Its trichromatic coloration—ranging from deep blue to violet and even purple—makes it a visually arresting gemstone that is both versatile and elegant in jewelry design. With a hardness of 6 to 6.5 on the Mohs scale, Tanzanite requires careful handling and appropriate care to preserve its brilliance and luster over time.
This article explores the multifaceted nature of Tanzanite, covering its geological formation, historical significance, cultural and metaphysical attributes, and practical care tips. Drawing on a range of sources, it aims to provide a comprehensive overview of this rare and beautiful December birthstone.
History and Lore
Tanzanite’s journey into the world of gemstones began in the 1960s when it was first discovered in the foothills of Mount Kilimanjaro in Tanzania. Prior to its discovery, Tanzanite did not exist in any gemological record. The gem was initially identified as a variety of zoisite, a mineral known for its yellow or green hues. However, the deep blue and violet tones observed in the newly discovered stones were unlike any other known gem. The transformation of these stones into their now-familiar colors was achieved through heat treatment, a process that stabilized the gem’s color and made it commercially viable.
The gemstone was named "Tanzanite" in honor of its country of origin, Tanzania, and quickly became a symbol of the nation’s natural wealth and geological uniqueness. Unlike most gemstones, which can be found in multiple regions across the globe, Tanzanite is exclusive to a single location—near the base of Mount Kilimanjaro. This exclusivity has contributed to its mystique and elevated its status in the gem trade.
Tanzanite is also a relatively modern birthstone, having been officially designated as a December birthstone in the 1980s. While traditional December birthstones include Zircon, Turquoise, and Lapis Lazuli, Tanzanite has become increasingly popular, especially for those born on December 28th. Its relatively recent introduction into the birthstone tradition reflects the dynamic and evolving nature of gemstone symbolism in the modern era.
Geological Formation and Sources
Tanzanite is a calcium aluminum silicate belonging to the zoisite group of minerals. Its chemical formula is Ca₂Al₃O₅(SiO₄)(OH) and it crystallizes in the monoclinic crystal system. What makes Tanzanite unique is its trichroism—the ability to reflect three different colors depending on the angle of light and the direction of viewing. In Tanzanite, these colors typically include blue, violet, and deep purple. This optical property gives the gemstone a dynamic and captivating appearance.
The formation of Tanzanite is the result of specific geological conditions. It is believed to have been created when tectonic plates collided in the region near Mount Kilimanjaro, generating high-pressure, low-temperature environments ideal for the formation of this rare mineral. These conditions allowed for the unique combination of elements and crystal structures that define Tanzanite.
Tanzanite is found exclusively in Tanzania, with the primary mining areas located in the Merelani Hills near Arusha. The Merelani Hills are also known for another rare gemstone, Paraiba tourmaline, making the region a hotspot for gemological significance. Tanzanite is mined in open-pit and underground operations, and the mining process is often labor-intensive and artisanal. Given the gemstone’s exclusivity, mining operations are tightly regulated to preserve the resource and ensure its continued availability for future generations.
The rarity of Tanzanite, combined with its striking appearance, has made it one of the most sought-after gemstones in the world. Because it can only be found in one location, it is considered a finite resource, adding to its value and allure.
Gemological Properties
Tanzanite possesses a range of gemological properties that make it both beautiful and functional in jewelry design. Here is a detailed overview of its key characteristics:
| Property | Details |
|---|---|
| Chemical Formula | Ca₂Al₃O₅(SiO₄)(OH) |
| Crystal System | Monoclinic |
| Hardness (Mohs) | 6 to 6.5 |
| Refractive Index | 1.698 to 1.701 |
| Specific Gravity | 3.1 to 3.5 |
| Color | Trichromatic: Blue, violet, and purple |
| Cleavage | Perfect in one direction |
| Luster | Vitreous (glassy) |
| Transparency | Transparent to translucent |
| Treatment | Heat treatment to enhance color |
Tanzanite's color is one of its most distinctive features. While the raw material is typically brown or greenish, it undergoes heat treatment to develop its signature blue-violet hue. This treatment is essential to stabilize the color and make the gemstone suitable for jewelry. The heat treatment does not alter the gem’s chemical composition but enhances its natural beauty.
In terms of clarity, Tanzanite is often included, as is typical for many colored gemstones. These inclusions are generally not detrimental to the gem’s beauty and can even serve as a hallmark of its authenticity. The gemstone is typically cut into oval, cushion, and emerald shapes to maximize its color and brilliance. Its moderate hardness means it is not as durable as diamonds or sapphires, so it is best suited for jewelry that is worn less frequently or with care.
Symbolism and Metaphysical Beliefs
Tanzanite is associated with a range of symbolic and metaphysical properties, many of which are linked to its spiritual and emotional qualities. As the birthstone for December 28th, it is believed to promote inner transformation, emotional healing, and spiritual awakening. The gemstone is often used in meditation and energy work due to its purported ability to activate the throat, third eye, and crown chakras.
One of the most commonly cited metaphysical properties of Tanzanite is its ability to enhance intuition and psychic abilities. It is believed to open the mind to higher dimensions of thought and to facilitate communication with spiritual guides or higher beings. This makes it a popular gemstone for those engaged in spiritual practices or seeking a deeper connection with the universe.
Tanzanite is also associated with emotional healing and self-expression. It is believed to help individuals process and release emotional trauma, making it a supportive stone during times of change or transition. In this way, it is seen as a powerful ally for personal growth and self-discovery.
In addition to its spiritual properties, Tanzanite is also valued for its protective qualities. Some believe that it shields the wearer from negative energies and promotes a sense of calm and stability. This makes it a popular choice for individuals seeking a sense of security and balance in their daily lives.
While the metaphysical properties of Tanzanite are not scientifically proven, they are deeply rooted in the cultural and spiritual traditions of many societies. These beliefs continue to influence the gemstone’s popularity and make it a cherished symbol of transformation and spiritual insight.
Care and Cleaning
Given its moderate hardness and perfect cleavage, Tanzanite requires careful handling and appropriate cleaning to maintain its beauty and longevity. Here are some practical tips for caring for Tanzanite jewelry:
Avoid Harsh Chemicals: Tanzanite is sensitive to harsh chemicals, including household cleaners, chlorine, and acidic solutions. These can damage the gemstone’s surface and dull its brilliance. It is best to remove Tanzanite jewelry before using any cleaning products or swimming in chlorinated water.
Avoid Heat and Sunlight: Prolonged exposure to high heat or direct sunlight can cause Tanzanite to fade or lose its color. This is especially important for untreated or lightly treated stones. To preserve the gemstone’s color, store it in a cool, dark place when not in use.
Use Gentle Cleaning Methods: Tanzanite can be cleaned with a soft cloth and a mild soap solution. Avoid using ultrasonic or steam cleaners, as these can cause damage due to the gemstone’s perfect cleavage. Gently wipe the gemstone with a damp cloth and dry it with a soft, lint-free cloth.
Store Properly: Tanzanite should be stored separately from other gemstones to avoid scratches. Because of its perfect cleavage, it is particularly vulnerable to chipping if struck against a hard surface. Use a soft pouch or a lined jewelry box to protect it from damage.
By following these care tips, individuals born on December 28th can ensure that their Tanzanite jewelry remains as radiant and beautiful as the day it was acquired.
Conclusion
Tanzanite, the December 28th birthstone, is a gemstone of rare beauty, deep symbolism, and unique geological significance. Discovered in the 1960s in Tanzania, it has quickly become a cherished gemstone in the world of colored stones. Its trichromatic coloration, spiritual properties, and exclusivity make it a standout choice for jewelry and personal adornment.
As a birthstone, Tanzanite is believed to enhance spiritual awareness, promote emotional healing, and support personal transformation. Its connection to the throat, third eye, and crown chakras makes it a powerful tool for meditation and energy work. In addition to its metaphysical properties, Tanzanite is also valued for its protective qualities and its ability to bring a sense of calm and stability to the wearer.
From a gemological perspective, Tanzanite is a fascinating stone with a range of properties that make it both beautiful and functional. Its moderate hardness and perfect cleavage require careful handling and appropriate care to preserve its beauty over time. With proper maintenance, Tanzanite jewelry can remain a cherished possession for generations.
In the world of gemstones, Tanzanite shines brightly as a symbol of elegance, meaning, and rarity. Whether worn as a ring, necklace, or earrings, it serves as a tangible representation of the beauty and significance associated with the December 28th birthstone. Its enduring appeal and timeless beauty make it a fitting choice for individuals born on this date, encapsulating the essence of their individuality and the journey they embark upon each year.