December 27th is associated with three officially recognized birthstones: tanzanite, turquoise, and zircon. These gemstones, each with its own unique history, geological properties, and cultural significance, offer a rich tapestry of meaning and beauty. While the December birthstone list has historically varied, modern consensus identifies tanzanite, turquoise, and zircon as the primary stones for December, with zircon being particularly significant for those born on the 27th. This article explores the origins, properties, symbolism, and care of these gemstones, drawing from authoritative and widely cited sources.
Introduction
For individuals born on December 27th, the birthstone selection includes tanzanite, turquoise, and zircon. These stones are not only prized for their aesthetic appeal but also for their historical and symbolic associations. Tanzanite, a relatively modern discovery, is known for its vivid blue-violet hues and is found exclusively in Tanzania. Turquoise, one of the oldest known gemstones, has been used for millennia across various cultures for its protective and spiritual properties. Zircon, particularly the blue variety, is valued for its brilliance and is considered one of the oldest minerals on Earth.
This article delves into the geological and historical background of these gemstones, their physical and optical properties, their cultural and symbolic significance, and practical advice on how to care for them. By examining the sources provided, we aim to present an accurate and comprehensive overview of the 27th of December birthstone.
History and Lore
Tanzanite
Tanzanite was discovered in 1967 in Tanzania, near the base of Mount Kilimanjaro. It is a variety of the mineral zoisite and was named after its country of origin. The first tanzanite crystal was found by a Masai tribesman, who brought it to a geologist for identification. Tanzanite quickly gained popularity due to its striking blue-violet color and its unique trichroic property, which allows it to display different colors when viewed from different angles.
Tanzanite was officially designated as a December birthstone in the 20th century. It is considered a relatively new addition to the birthstone list compared to older stones like turquoise. Its discovery and commercialization were rapid, with the first jewelry pieces featuring tanzanite appearing just a few years after its discovery.
Turquoise
Turquoise is one of the oldest known gemstones, with evidence of its use dating back over 5,000 years. It has been found in archaeological sites across the world, including ancient Egypt, China, the Americas, and the Middle East. In ancient Egypt, turquoise was used in jewelry and amulets, believed to provide protection and good fortune. The stone was also used in rituals and was associated with the goddess Hathor, the goddess of love and joy.
In the United States, turquoise has been used by Native American tribes for centuries. It was often used in ceremonial jewelry and was believed to offer protection and healing. The stone's use in jewelry became widespread in the 19th and 20th centuries, particularly in the Southwestern United States, where it became a symbol of regional identity and craftsmanship.
Turquoise was officially recognized as a December birthstone in the United States in 1912 and in England in 2013. Its blue-green color and historical significance have contributed to its enduring popularity.
Zircon
Zircon is one of the oldest minerals on Earth, with some zircon crystals dating back over 4 billion years. The blue zircon variety, also known as blue zirconium, has been used in jewelry and decorative objects for centuries. Zircon is found in various parts of the world, including Australia, Thailand, and the United States.
Zircon has been used in ancient cultures for its protective and healing properties. In medieval Europe, zircon was believed to bring wisdom and foresight. In the 19th century, zircon was often used as a substitute for diamonds due to its brilliance and affordability.
Zircon was officially designated as a December birthstone in the 20th century. It is particularly significant for those born on December 27th, according to some sources. Its deep blue color and historical use in jewelry have made it a popular choice for birthstone jewelry.
Geological Formation and Sources
Tanzanite
Tanzanite is a rare gemstone found only in Tanzania. It is a variety of zoisite and is formed under high-pressure conditions in metamorphic rocks. The gemstone is mined in a small area near Mount Kilimanjaro, covering just 4.3 miles long and 1.2 miles wide. The limited geographic source of tanzanite contributes to its rarity and high value.
Tanzanite is known for its trichroic property, which means it can display different colors when viewed from different angles. The gemstone is typically cut to enhance its blue-violet hues and is often treated with heat to improve its color and clarity.
Turquoise
Turquoise is a hydrated phosphate of aluminum and copper, and it forms in arid regions where the weathering of copper-bearing rocks is common. The gemstone is typically found in veins and pockets within limestone and other sedimentary rocks. Major sources of turquoise include the United States (particularly Nevada, Arizona, and New Mexico), China, Iran, and Mexico.
Turquoise is known for its variable color, which can range from deep blue to green, depending on the presence of copper and iron. The gemstone is often stabilized with resins to improve its durability and color retention.
Zircon
Zircon is a silicate mineral that forms in a variety of geological environments, including igneous, metamorphic, and sedimentary rocks. The blue zircon variety is typically created through heat treatment, which enhances its color. Zircon is found in various parts of the world, including Australia, Thailand, and the United States.
Zircon is known for its high refractive index and brilliance, which make it a popular gemstone for jewelry. It is also one of the oldest minerals on Earth, with some zircon crystals dating back over 4 billion years.
Gemological Properties
Tanzanite
| Property | Value |
|---|---|
| Chemical Formula | Ca₂Al₃(SiO₄)₃(OH) |
| Color | Blue, violet, purple (trichroic) |
| Hardness (Mohs) | 6-7 |
| Refractive Index | 1.694-1.700 |
| Luster | Vitreous |
| Crystal System | Monoclinic |
| Cleavage | Distinct |
| Transparency | Translucent to transparent |
| Origin | Tanzania |
Tanzanite is known for its trichroic property, which means it can display three different colors when viewed from different angles. The gemstone is typically heat-treated to enhance its color and is cut to maximize its brilliance and color play.
Turquoise
| Property | Value |
|---|---|
| Chemical Formula | Al₂(OH)₃PO₄·4H₂O |
| Color | Blue, green, yellow, white |
| Hardness (Mohs) | 5-6 |
| Refractive Index | 1.610-1.655 |
| Luster | Waxy to greasy |
| Crystal System | Trigonal |
| Cleavage | Indistinct |
| Transparency | Translucent to opaque |
| Origin | United States, China, Iran, Mexico |
Turquoise is known for its variable color, which can range from deep blue to green, depending on the presence of copper and iron. The gemstone is often stabilized with resins to improve its durability and color retention.
Zircon
| Property | Value |
|---|---|
| Chemical Formula | ZrSiO₄ |
| Color | Blue, yellow, brown, red |
| Hardness (Mohs) | 6-7.5 |
| Refractive Index | 1.924-2.002 |
| Luster | Vitreous |
| Crystal System | Tetragonal |
| Cleavage | Distinct |
| Transparency | Transparent to translucent |
| Origin | Australia, Thailand, USA |
Zircon is known for its high refractive index and brilliance, which make it a popular gemstone for jewelry. The blue zircon variety is typically created through heat treatment, which enhances its color.
Symbolism and Metaphysical Beliefs
Tanzanite
Tanzanite is associated with spiritual growth, transformation, and positivity. It is believed to enhance communication and encourage self-expression. The gemstone is also thought to promote emotional healing and provide protection. In some cultures, tanzanite is considered a stone of transformation and is used in meditation and spiritual practices.
Turquoise
Turquoise has been used for thousands of years for its protective and spiritual properties. It is believed to provide protection, bring good fortune, and promote friendship. In ancient cultures, turquoise was often used in amulets and talismans to ward off negative energy and ensure safe travels. The gemstone is also associated with wisdom, clarity, and emotional balance.
Zircon
Zircon is believed to bring wisdom, foresight, and protection. In medieval Europe, zircon was used in jewelry and amulets to provide protection and enhance mental clarity. The gemstone is also associated with love and friendship and is thought to promote harmony and understanding in relationships.
Care and Cleaning
Tanzanite
Tanzanite should be cleaned with warm, soapy water and a soft cloth. Avoid using harsh chemicals or ultrasonic cleaners, as they can damage the gemstone. Tanzanite should be stored separately from other gemstones to prevent scratches, as it has a hardness of 6-7 on the Mohs scale. The gemstone should also be protected from extreme heat, as it can cause discoloration.
Turquoise
Turquoise should be cleaned with a soft cloth and mild soap. Avoid using ultrasonic cleaners or harsh chemicals, as they can damage the gemstone. Turquoise should be stored in a cool, dry place to prevent discoloration and should be kept away from direct sunlight. The gemstone should also be protected from physical impacts, as it has a hardness of 5-6 on the Mohs scale.
Zircon
Zircon should be cleaned with warm, soapy water and a soft cloth. Avoid using harsh chemicals or ultrasonic cleaners, as they can damage the gemstone. Zircon should be stored separately from other gemstones to prevent scratches, as it has a hardness of 6-7.5 on the Mohs scale. The gemstone should also be protected from extreme heat, as it can cause discoloration.
Conclusion
The 27th of December birthstone includes tanzanite, turquoise, and zircon. These gemstones are not only beautiful but also rich in history, symbolism, and meaning. Tanzanite, discovered in 1967, is known for its vibrant blue-violet hues and is found only in Tanzania. Turquoise, one of the oldest known gemstones, has been used for millennia for its protective and spiritual properties. Zircon, particularly the blue variety, is valued for its brilliance and is considered one of the oldest minerals on Earth.
Each of these gemstones has its own unique geological properties and cultural significance. Whether used in jewelry or spiritual practices, these stones continue to be cherished for their beauty and meaning. Understanding their properties and care requirements ensures that they can be enjoyed for generations to come.