September, with its vibrant transition from summer’s warmth to autumn’s cool embrace, is celebrated through two captivating birthstones and two elegant birth flowers. The month’s symbolic treasures include the deep blue Sapphire, the rich Lapis Lazuli, and the blossoms of the Aster and Morning Glory. These symbols carry centuries of cultural, spiritual, and aesthetic significance, making September a month rich in symbolic expression.
This article explores the historical, gemological, and botanical significance of September’s birthstone and flower. Drawing from authoritative sources and historical accounts, we will examine the properties, symbolism, and cultural legacy of these symbols, offering a comprehensive overview for gemstone enthusiasts, jewelry connoisseurs, and history lovers alike.
History and Lore
The tradition of associating birthstones with specific months is ancient, with roots in both religious and cultural practices. The earliest known records date back to the Breastplate of Aaron, described in the Old Testament, where twelve gemstones represented the twelve tribes of Israel. However, the modern concept of birthstones as we know it today began to take shape in the 18th and 19th centuries, particularly during the Victorian era, when the symbolic language of flowers and gemstones became a means of personal expression and communication.
For September, the birthstone tradition reflects a dual nature. The blue Sapphire is the primary birthstone, while Lapis Lazuli serves as an alternative. Both stones have long histories of use in jewelry and spiritual practices. Sapphires, particularly in their blue form, have been treasured by royalty and religious figures for centuries. Lapis Lazuli, with its deep blue streaks of gold, was highly valued by ancient Egyptians and Renaissance artists for its symbolic and artistic value.
The Aster and Morning Glory, the floral symbols of September, have equally rich histories. Asters were revered in ancient Rome as symbols of love and valor, and they continue to be associated with faith and patience in modern times. The Morning Glory, with its fleeting beauty, is a poignant reminder of the transience of life and the importance of cherishing each moment.
Geological Formation and Sources
Sapphires
Sapphires, the primary birthstone for September, are a variety of the mineral corundum, which is composed of aluminum oxide (Al₂O₃). What distinguishes sapphires from rubies is the trace elements that give them their color. In the case of blue sapphires, the presence of titanium and iron is responsible for the deep blue hues that are so prized. Sapphires can occur in a wide range of colors—pink, yellow, green, and even colorless—though the blue variety is the most well-known.
Sapphires form deep within the Earth’s crust under high pressure and temperature conditions, often in metamorphic or igneous rocks. They are commonly found in regions with ancient geological formations. The most famous sources of sapphires include:
- Sri Lanka – Known for producing high-quality blue sapphires
- 缅甸 (Burma) – Famous for the intense blue "pigeon’s blood" sapphires
- Australia – A major source of both blue and pink sapphires
- Madagascar – Known for a wide range of sapphire colors
- India, Thailand, and the United States – Also contribute to the global supply
Sapphires are exceptionally durable, ranking 9 on the Mohs scale of hardness, making them suitable for everyday wear in jewelry. They are often cut into brilliant shapes such as round, oval, cushion, or princess, depending on the stone’s natural inclusions and clarity.
Lapis Lazuli
Lapis Lazuli is a metamorphic rock composed primarily of lazurite, a deep blue mineral, along with pyrite (which appears as golden flecks) and calcite (which can add white streaks). The name "Lapis Lazuli" is derived from Latin, meaning "stone of the sea," a reference to its vivid blue color that resembles the ocean.
The formation of lapis lazuli occurs through the transformation of sedimentary rocks under high pressure and temperature. It is typically found in marble formations that have been altered by the presence of sodium-rich fluids. The most renowned source of lapis lazuli is Afghanistan, where it has been mined for over 6,000 years. Other notable sources include Russia, Chile, and Canada.
Lapis lazuli ranks 5 to 6 on the Mohs scale, which means it is relatively soft and requires careful handling. It is often polished into cabochons or inlay pieces and used in decorative arts and jewelry. Its use in ancient Egypt, particularly in the famous death mask of Tutankhamun, highlights its historical and cultural significance.
Asters and Morning Glories
The September birth flowers, Asters and Morning Glories, are both native to various parts of the world and thrive in temperate climates.
Asters belong to the Asteraceae family, one of the largest plant families, which also includes daisies and sunflowers. They bloom in late summer and early fall, making them a symbol of the transition from summer to autumn. Asters can grow in a wide range of colors, including purple, blue, pink, and white, and they are often used in gardens for their vibrant displays.
Morning Glories, or Ipomoea species, are fast-growing vines that are native to the Americas. They are known for their trumpet-shaped flowers that open at dawn and close by midday, hence the name. These flowers are often blue or purple, with some species producing pink or white blooms. Morning Glories are popular in gardens for their rapid growth and striking appearance.
Both flowers are valued for their ecological role as pollinator-friendly plants, supporting bees, butterflies, and other insects. In particular, Asters are a vital nectar source for monarch butterflies, making them ecologically significant.
Gemological Properties
Sapphires
| Property | Description |
|---|---|
| Chemical Formula | Al₂O₃ |
| Hardness (Mohs Scale) | 9 |
| Color | Blue (primary), pink, yellow, green, and other colors |
| Refractive Index | 1.76–1.78 |
| Luster | Vitreous (glassy) |
| Cleavage | None |
| Specific Gravity | 3.95–4.03 |
| Common Cuts | Round, oval, cushion, princess |
| Treatments | Heat treatment, irradiation, and oiling are common to enhance color and clarity |
Sapphires are known for their exceptional durability and brilliance, making them ideal for rings, pendants, and other fine jewelry. They are often used as center stones in engagement rings and are prized for their timeless elegance.
Lapis Lazuli
| Property | Description |
|---|---|
| Composition | Lazurite, pyrite, calcite |
| Hardness (Mohs Scale) | 5–6 |
| Color | Deep blue with golden flecks (pyrite) and white streaks (calcite) |
| Luster | Waxy to dull |
| Specific Gravity | 2.4–2.9 |
| Common Uses | Cabochons, inlays, decorative objects |
Lapis lazuli is not typically used in fine jewelry due to its lower hardness, but it is popular in pendants, earrings, and beads. Its rich color and golden flecks make it a popular choice for ornamental purposes.
Asters and Morning Glories
While not gemstones, the September birth flowers carry symbolic and aesthetic value. Asters are known for their daisy-like appearance and late-season bloom, while Morning Glories are admired for their ephemeral beauty and vibrant colors.
| Flower | Color | Symbolism |
|---|---|---|
| Aster | Purple, blue, pink, white | Love, wisdom, faith, valor |
| Morning Glory | Blue, purple, pink, white | Affection, unrequited love, new beginnings |
Both flowers are often used in floral arrangements and gardening, and their meanings are deeply rooted in cultural traditions.
Symbolism and Metaphysical Beliefs
Sapphires
Sapphires have long been associated with wisdom, truth, and spiritual enlightenment. In medieval Europe, sapphires were believed to bring heavenly blessings and were often used in religious and royal settings. They were also thought to protect against envy and harm, and to enhance mental clarity and focus.
In modern gemology, sapphires are considered a "stone of connections," believed to enhance communication and understanding. They are also associated with loyalty, sincerity, and the purity of the soul. In astrology, sapphires are linked to the zodiac signs Virgo and Libra, supporting the traits of patience, diplomacy, and analytical thinking.
Lapis Lazuli
Lapis lazuli has been used for centuries in spiritual and artistic contexts. Ancient Egyptians believed it had healing and protective properties, and it was used in amulets and cosmetics. In the Renaissance, lapis lazuli was ground into ultramarine, one of the most expensive and revered pigments in art history.
In modern metaphysical practices, lapis lazuli is believed to stimulate the third eye and throat chakras, enhancing intuition, communication, and spiritual awareness. It is also associated with truth, self-awareness, and emotional healing.
Asters and Morning Glories
The Asters and Morning Glories of September are rich in symbolic meaning. Asters are often associated with purity, love, and faith, while Morning Glories represent affection and the fleeting nature of life. In Victorian times, the language of flowers was used to convey messages that could not be spoken, and the Aster was often given to express gratitude and enduring love.
Morning Glories, with their brief but vibrant blooms, are a reminder to cherish each moment and to embrace the beauty of transience. Their symbolism is particularly poignant in the context of September, a month of change and reflection.
Care and Cleaning
Sapphires
Sapphires are among the most durable gemstones, making them ideal for everyday wear. However, they can still be damaged by hard knocks or exposure to harsh chemicals. To clean a sapphire, use a mild soap solution and a soft-bristled brush. Avoid using steam cleaners or ultrasonic cleaners, as they can damage any internal fractures or inclusions.
Store sapphires separately from other gemstones to prevent scratching, and avoid exposing them to extreme temperatures or sudden temperature changes.
Lapis Lazuli
Lapis lazuli is more delicate than sapphire, with a lower hardness and a tendency to scratch or crack. It should be cleaned with a soft cloth and mild soap only. Avoid exposure to water or chemicals, as this can dull its color or damage the stone.
To preserve its luster, store lapis lazuli in a dry, cool place, away from direct sunlight. Avoid wearing lapis lazuli in hot or humid environments, as it can become soft or discolored.
Asters and Morning Glories
As living plants, Asters and Morning Glories require proper care to thrive. Asters prefer well-drained soil and full sun, and they should be watered regularly during dry periods. Morning Glories are fast-growing vines that require support structures like trellises or fences. They should be watered in the morning to prevent fungal growth and should be pruned regularly to control their spread.
Both flowers benefit from organic mulch and fertilization during the growing season. They are also pollinator-friendly, making them a valuable addition to any garden.
Conclusion
September’s birthstone and flower offer a rich tapestry of beauty, symbolism, and history. The Sapphire and Lapis Lazuli represent wisdom, clarity, and spiritual insight, while the Aster and Morning Glory embody love, faith, and the fleeting beauty of life. These symbols have been cherished for centuries, appearing in jewelry, art, and cultural traditions across the world.
Whether as a jewelry choice, a garden plant, or a meaningful gift, September’s symbols continue to inspire and connect people across generations. Their enduring appeal lies not only in their aesthetic qualities but also in the deep meanings and traditions they represent.