December is a month rich in celebration, and for those born during this time, it offers the unique opportunity to choose from four distinct birthstones—each with its own charm, history, and symbolism. These birthstones are turquoise, tanzanite, blue topaz, and blue zircon. A December birthstone jewelry set not only serves as a meaningful personal accessory but also as a beautiful and thoughtful gift for loved ones celebrating their birthdays or holiday milestones. This article delves into the allure of December birthstone jewelry sets, exploring the properties, history, and cultural significance of the stones they feature.
Introduction
December is one of the few months recognized for having multiple birthstones, a distinction that allows individuals and jewelers alike to choose from a variety of colors and styles. The four birthstones—turquoise, tanzanite, blue topaz, and blue zircon—each offer distinct aesthetic and symbolic qualities. These gemstones have been cherished for centuries, and their use in jewelry has evolved to include both traditional and modern designs. Today, December birthstone jewelry sets are popular for their versatility and ability to reflect the wearer’s personality or serve as a meaningful gift.
This article explores the historical and cultural significance of each of the December birthstones, their geological and gemological properties, and how they are commonly featured in jewelry sets. It also provides insights into how these stones can be cared for and appreciated in both traditional and contemporary settings.
History and Lore
The concept of birthstones is ancient, with roots in the biblical Breastplate of Aaron, which was adorned with twelve stones believed to represent the twelve tribes of Israel. While the specific stones listed in the Bible differ from modern birthstone lists, the idea of associating gemstones with months and their symbolic meanings has persisted through the centuries.
The modern birthstone list was standardized in the 20th century, with the American National Association of Jewelers (now the Jewelers of America) playing a key role in popularizing the concept in 1912. Some birthstones, such as turquoise and blue topaz, have been used in jewelry for centuries, while others, like tanzanite, were added more recently. Tanzanite was officially designated as a birthstone in 1968, and its deep blue color quickly made it a favorite among jewelers and collectors.
Turquoise
Turquoise has a long and storied history, particularly in regions such as the Middle East, North Africa, and the American Southwest. It was prized by ancient civilizations, including the Egyptians, who used it in amulets and jewelry, and the Persians, who believed it brought protection and good fortune. In the United States, turquoise was especially important to Native American tribes, who crafted intricate jewelry using stones mined from local sources. Turquoise is often associated with healing, protection, and spiritual connection.
Tanzanite
Tanzanite is a relatively modern addition to the birthstone tradition. Discovered in Tanzania in 1967, it was officially recognized as a birthstone for December in 1968. The stone's deep blue-violet color and pleochroism—its ability to display different colors when viewed from different angles—make it a striking choice for jewelry. Tanzanite is often linked with intuition, truth, and emotional healing.
Blue Topaz
Blue topaz has been a popular gemstone for centuries, with its blue color being a result of natural irradiation or heat treatment. Historically, it was believed to have calming and strengthening properties. In modern times, blue topaz is appreciated for its clarity and brilliance, making it an ideal choice for a wide range of jewelry styles, from delicate earrings to bold cocktail rings.
Blue Zircon
Blue zircon, while less commonly featured in jewelry than the other December birthstones, has a rich history and unique optical properties. Known for its fiery sparkle and brilliance, zircon can display a range of colors depending on its trace elements and treatment. Blue zircon is sometimes confused with blue topaz, but its refractive index and color dispersion are distinct. It has been used in jewelry since ancient times and is valued for its beauty and affordability.
Geological Formation and Sources
Each of the December birthstones is formed through unique geological processes and is found in specific locations around the world.
Turquoise
Turquoise is a phosphate of aluminum and copper, with the chemical formula CuAl₆(PO₄)₄(OH)₈·4H₂O. It forms in arid regions where copper-rich groundwater reacts with phosphate minerals. The most famous sources of turquoise include the United States (particularly Arizona and New Mexico), Iran, and Egypt. The color of turquoise can vary from greenish-blue to deep blue, depending on the mineral content and impurities.
Tanzanite
Tanzanite is a variety of the mineral zoisite, with the chemical formula Ca₂Al₃(SiO₄)(OH)₃·(OH). It is found only in Tanzania, specifically in the Merelani Hills near Mount Kilimanjaro. Tanzanite’s deep blue color is the result of trace amounts of vanadium, and its pleochroism is a natural characteristic of the stone. Because of its limited source, tanzanite is considered a rare and valuable gemstone.
Blue Topaz
Topaz is a silicate mineral with the chemical formula Al₂SiO₄(F,OH)₂. Natural blue topaz is extremely rare, and most blue topaz available in jewelry is created through irradiation or heat treatment. The process involves exposing the stone to radiation or heat, which alters the atomic structure and produces a range of blue hues, from pale sky blue to deep London blue. Topaz is found in various locations worldwide, including Brazil, Russia, and the United States.
Blue Zircon
Zircon is a zirconium silicate with the chemical formula ZrSiO₄. Natural blue zircon is rare, and the blue color is typically achieved through heat treatment. Zircon is found in many parts of the world, including Australia, Thailand, and Cambodia. It is known for its high refractive index and strong dispersion, which give it a brilliant, firey appearance.
Gemological Properties
Understanding the gemological properties of each December birthstone is essential for both jewelers and collectors. These properties include hardness, color, clarity, and refractive index.
Turquoise
Turquoise has a hardness of 5–6 on the Mohs scale, making it relatively soft and susceptible to scratches. It often contains inclusions and matrix patterns—natural veins that can affect its appearance and value. Turquoise is best suited for jewelry that is not subjected to frequent wear or impact, such as pendants and earrings. It is also important to note that turquoise can be sensitive to heat and chemicals, which can cause it to lose color or become brittle.
Tanzanite
Tanzanite has a hardness of 6–7 on the Mohs scale, making it more durable than turquoise but still relatively soft compared to other gemstones. It is pleochroic, meaning it can display different colors when viewed from different angles. Tanzanite is often heat-treated to enhance its blue color, and this treatment is stable under normal conditions. Tanzanite is best suited for jewelry that is worn regularly, such as rings and earrings, but it should be cleaned carefully to avoid damage.
Blue Topaz
Blue topaz has a hardness of 8 on the Mohs scale, making it one of the hardest December birthstones. It is known for its clarity and brilliance, and it is often used in a wide range of jewelry styles. Blue topaz is relatively affordable compared to other gemstones of similar hardness, making it a popular choice for both everyday wear and special occasions.
Blue Zircon
Blue zircon has a hardness of 7.5–8 on the Mohs scale, making it quite durable. It is known for its high refractive index and strong dispersion, which give it a brilliant, firey appearance. Blue zircon is often used in vintage and antique jewelry, and it can be a good alternative to more expensive gemstones like sapphires.
Symbolism and Metaphysical Beliefs
Each of the December birthstones carries its own set of symbolic meanings and metaphysical properties, which have been passed down through generations.
Turquoise
Turquoise is often associated with protection, healing, and spiritual connection. It is believed to bring good fortune and to help the wearer maintain balance and harmony. In Native American traditions, turquoise is considered a sacred stone that connects the earth and sky. It is also believed to promote communication and emotional stability.
Tanzanite
Tanzanite is associated with intuition, truth, and emotional healing. It is believed to help the wearer access their inner wisdom and to support emotional growth and transformation. Tanzanite is also thought to enhance spiritual awareness and to promote a sense of peace and tranquility.
Blue Topaz
Blue topaz is believed to have calming and strengthening properties. It is associated with wisdom, honesty, and emotional stability. Blue topaz is also thought to help the wearer overcome stress and to promote a sense of inner peace and confidence.
Blue Zircon
Blue zircon is associated with prosperity, good fortune, and spiritual awakening. It is believed to enhance intuition and to help the wearer connect with their higher self. Blue zircon is also thought to promote a sense of joy and optimism.
Care and Cleaning
Proper care and cleaning are essential for maintaining the beauty and longevity of December birthstone jewelry. Each gemstone has specific care requirements based on its hardness, sensitivity to heat and chemicals, and other properties.
Turquoise
Turquoise is sensitive to heat and chemicals, so it should be cleaned gently with a soft cloth and mild soap. It should be kept away from direct sunlight and high temperatures, as these can cause it to lose color or become brittle. Turquoise jewelry should also be stored separately from other jewelry to avoid scratches.
Tanzanite
Tanzanite can be cleaned with a soft cloth and mild soap. It should be kept away from harsh chemicals and abrasive materials, as these can scratch or damage the stone. Tanzanite should also be stored in a cool, dry place to prevent any changes in color or appearance.
Blue Topaz
Blue topaz is relatively easy to clean and can be cleaned with a soft cloth and mild soap. It can also be ultrasonically cleaned, as it is not sensitive to water or chemicals. Blue topaz should be stored in a cool, dry place to prevent any changes in color or appearance.
Blue Zircon
Blue zircon can be cleaned with a soft cloth and mild soap. It is relatively durable and can withstand normal wear and tear, but it should be kept away from harsh chemicals and abrasive materials. Blue zircon should also be stored in a cool, dry place to prevent any changes in color or appearance.
Conclusion
December birthstone jewelry sets offer a wonderful way to celebrate the beauty and significance of the four December birthstones—turquoise, tanzanite, blue topaz, and blue zircon. Each of these gemstones has a rich history, unique properties, and meaningful symbolism that make them valuable additions to any jewelry collection. Whether chosen for personal wear or as a meaningful gift, December birthstone jewelry sets are a testament to the enduring appeal of these precious stones.
Understanding the characteristics and care requirements of each gemstone allows jewelers and collectors to appreciate their beauty and value. Whether crafted in traditional or modern designs, December birthstone jewelry sets continue to be cherished for their elegance, versatility, and connection to the past.