For individuals born on July 20th, the selection of birthstones is not limited to a single gemstone. Instead, this day is celebrated with two distinct yet equally significant stones: Ruby and Onyx. These gemstones represent both the modern and traditional interpretations of July birthstones, each carrying its own rich history, unique properties, and symbolic significance. This article delves into the dual identity of the July 20th birthstone, exploring the geological, cultural, and spiritual attributes of Ruby and Onyx, and their enduring appeal in jewelry and personal adornment.
The Historical and Cultural Significance of July 20th Birthstones
The tradition of assigning gemstones to specific dates or months dates back thousands of years. The earliest recorded references to birthstones can be traced to the Biblical Breastplate of Aaron, a sacred artifact described in the Old Testament, which featured 12 gemstones believed to represent the 12 tribes of Israel. Over time, these stones were adapted to correspond with the 12 months of the year, forming the basis of the modern birthstone tradition.
For July 20th, two gemstones have been historically associated: Ruby and Onyx. While Ruby is the more widely recognized birthstone of July, Onyx has been revered across cultures for its protective and grounding properties. The coexistence of these two stones reflects the complexity of birthstone traditions, which evolved over time through the convergence of zodiac signs, astrological beliefs, and cultural symbolism.
The Role of Zodiac and Astrology
July 20th falls within the zodiac sign of Cancer, the fourth sign of the zodiac, known for its emotional depth, nurturing nature, and strong sense of intuition. The Ruby, with its vibrant red hue, is often associated with passion, courage, and vitality, making it a fitting symbol for a Cancerian’s emotional intensity. In contrast, Onyx is valued for its grounding and protective qualities, offering a stabilizing influence that complements the sensitive and sometimes overthinking nature of Cancer.
The duality of the July 20th birthstone is also influenced by the distinction between modern and traditional birthstones. The modern list, as officially recognized by the Jewelers of America in the 1950s, includes Ruby as the primary birthstone for July. However, traditional lists, which have roots in early 20th-century and even ancient practices, also recognize Onyx as a July birthstone. This dual recognition reflects the broader history of gemstone symbolism, where multiple stones could be associated with the same date or month based on regional, cultural, or astrological traditions.
Geological Formation and Sources of Ruby and Onyx
Understanding the geological properties and origins of Ruby and Onyx helps to appreciate their unique beauty and rarity.
Ruby: The King of Gems
Ruby is a variety of the mineral corundum, which is composed of aluminum oxide (Al₂O₃). What distinguishes ruby from other corundum varieties, such as sapphire, is the presence of chromium (Cr) as a trace element, which imparts its signature deep red color. The most prized rubies are those with a vivid red to slightly purplish red hue, often described as “pigeon’s blood.”
Rubies form in metamorphic rocks, typically in marble deposits created through the intense heat and pressure of continental collisions. The collision of tectonic plates more than 50 million years ago, particularly in regions such as Burma (now Myanmar), Thailand, and Sri Lanka, created the geological conditions necessary for ruby formation. These regions are still some of the most important sources of high-quality rubies today.
Ruby is known for its exceptional hardness, ranking 9 on the Mohs scale, second only to diamond. This makes it suitable for daily wear in jewelry, although care must be taken to avoid abrasion or impact, which can chip the stone. Rubies are also relatively dense, with a specific gravity of about 4.00, and they exhibit strong pleochroism, meaning they display different colors when viewed from different angles.
Onyx: A Stone of Protection and Strength
Onyx is a type of quartz, specifically a microcrystalline form of silicon dioxide (SiO₂). It is most commonly found in banded varieties, characterized by alternating layers of black and white or black and brown. These bands are formed through volcanic activity, where silica-rich solutions seep into cracks and cavities in rocks and cool over time. Onyx is often polished and carved into beads, cabochons, and ornamental objects.
Unlike ruby, onyx is softer, with a Mohs hardness of 6.5 to 7, making it more susceptible to scratches and abrasions. It is also porous, so it requires gentle cleaning and protection from acids and harsh chemicals. Despite these limitations, onyx is highly valued for its aesthetic appeal and symbolic significance.
Onyx is found in several parts of the world, including Brazil, India, Uruguay, and the United States. The banded onyx used in jewelry and decorative items is often treated or dyed to enhance its color contrast and visual appeal. However, natural onyx, particularly the black onyx variety, is considered especially powerful in metaphysical and spiritual practices.
Gemological Properties and Jewelry Design
The distinct gemological properties of Ruby and Onyx make them ideal for a wide range of jewelry designs, each offering a unique aesthetic and functional appeal.
Ruby in Jewelry
Ruby is a highly versatile gemstone that has been used in jewelry for centuries. Its vibrant red color and exceptional brilliance make it a favorite in rings, pendants, and earrings. Ruby is often cut in a round brilliant or oval shape to enhance its fire and sparkle, though step cuts and mixed cuts are also used to showcase its pleochroism.
One of the most famous ruby jewelry pieces is the Koh-i-Noor, a historical gemstone that has passed through the hands of various rulers and empires. Rubies have also been featured in royal crowns, scepters, and ceremonial regalia, symbolizing power, wealth, and divine favor.
In modern jewelry design, ruby is often paired with diamonds to create contrasting color combinations. It is also used in vintage and Art Deco styles, where its rich red hue complements gold and platinum settings. Due to its hardness and durability, ruby is a popular choice for engagement rings and everyday wear, although it is recommended to avoid high-impact activities when wearing ruby jewelry.
Onyx in Jewelry
Onyx, with its smooth texture and deep black color, is often used in cabochon cuts, which highlight its luminescent surface and banded patterns. It is a popular gemstone for rings, bracelets, and necklaces, particularly in bohemian and minimalist styles. Onyx is also used in bead form for beaded necklaces and friendship bracelets, where its grounding and protective qualities are believed to offer emotional support and stability.
Onyx is often paired with other gemstones, such as quartz, zircon, and amber, to create balanced and harmonious designs. In spiritual and alternative healing practices, onyx is used in crystal healing sessions, where it is believed to absorb negative energy and promote emotional resilience.
While onyx is not as durable as ruby, it can still be worn daily with proper care and maintenance. It is recommended to clean onyx with a soft cloth and mild soap, avoiding harsh chemicals and ultrasonic cleaners, which can damage its porous surface.
Symbolism and Metaphysical Beliefs
Both Ruby and Onyx have long been associated with spiritual, emotional, and metaphysical properties, making them not only beautiful but also symbolically meaningful gemstones.
Ruby: The Stone of Passion and Vitality
Ruby has been revered throughout history as a stone of life, love, and vitality. In ancient times, it was believed that rubies contained the essence of life itself, with some cultures thinking that they held drops of the Earth's blood. Others believed that rubies could predict misfortune, as they were said to turn dark red before a period of bad luck, giving the wearer a warning.
Ruby is associated with the heart chakra, and is believed to enhance emotional stability, passion, and courage. It is also thought to improve circulation, reduce fatigue, and boost confidence. In Western traditions, ruby is a symbol of love and commitment, often used in engagement rings and love tokens.
Onyx: The Stone of Grounding and Protection
Onyx, particularly black onyx, is known for its protective and grounding properties. It is believed to absorb negative energy, promote emotional balance, and enhance willpower. In ancient Rome, onyx was used by soldiers to protect against danger and promote courage in battle.
Onyx is also associated with the base chakra, which governs stability, security, and survival. It is thought to help individuals stay grounded and focused, especially during times of emotional turmoil or stress. In spiritual practices, onyx is used to remove blockages and encourage emotional healing.
Care and Maintenance of Ruby and Onyx
Proper care and maintenance are essential to preserving the beauty and longevity of Ruby and Onyx jewelry.
Caring for Ruby
- Cleaning: Ruby can be cleaned with warm water and mild soap, using a soft brush or cloth to remove dirt and debris. Avoid using harsh chemicals or abrasive cleaners, which can damage the stone or its setting.
- Storage: Store ruby jewelry in a soft pouch or jewelry box to prevent scratches from harder gemstones. Avoid stacking ruby pieces together to prevent abrasion or impact damage.
- Wear: Ruby is durable enough for daily wear, but it is advisable to remove ruby jewelry during high-impact activities such as sports or heavy labor to avoid chipping or fracturing the stone.
Caring for Onyx
- Cleaning: Onyx should be cleaned with mild soap and water, using a soft cloth or brush to avoid scratching the surface. Avoid ultrasonic cleaners and steam cleaners, as they can damage the porous surface of the stone.
- Storage: Store onyx in a separate compartment or soft pouch to prevent scratches from other gemstones. Avoid exposure to direct sunlight or heat, which can alter the color or structure of the stone.
- Wear: Onyx is softer and more porous than ruby, so it is more prone to scratches and abrasions. It is best to avoid wearing onyx jewelry during activities that involve physical contact or friction.
Conclusion
The July 20th birthstone is a unique and powerful symbol of passion, strength, and emotional depth, embodied by the dual gemstones of Ruby and Onyx. These stones carry a rich history, from ancient traditions to modern interpretations, and are celebrated for their aesthetic beauty, symbolic meaning, and spiritual significance.
Whether you choose Ruby for its vibrant red hue and fiery energy, or Onyx for its grounding presence and protective qualities, these gemstones offer a deep and meaningful connection to your personal identity and spiritual journey. As you explore the world of July 20th birthstones, may you discover the beauty, meaning, and inspiration that these exquisite gems have to offer.