For those born on July 15th, the birthstone tradition associates them with two distinct yet equally significant gemstones: the ruby and the onyx. These stones are not only symbols of personal identity but also carry centuries of history, symbolism, and gemological significance. While the ruby is the primary birthstone for the month of July, onyx plays a traditional and complementary role. Together, they represent a duality of energy—passion and power, vitality and protection—making them particularly meaningful for individuals born on this date.
This article delves into the rich history, gemological properties, cultural symbolism, and modern uses of both the ruby and onyx as birthstones for July 15th. Drawing from historical accounts, scientific data, and cultural lore, it offers a comprehensive understanding of these gemstones and their enduring appeal in the world of jewelry and gemology.
History and Lore
The Ruby: A Gemstone of Royalty and Passion
The ruby has long been associated with power, passion, and protection. In ancient times, it was believed to contain the essence of life, due to its deep red color, which resembles blood. This belief was particularly prevalent in Indian and Chinese traditions, where rubies were considered sacred and were often worn by royalty for their protective and energizing properties.
In medieval Europe, rubies were highly prized and often featured in the jewelry of kings and queens. They were thought to bring good fortune, vitality, and even to ward off disease and poison. Some historical accounts suggest that rubies were also used in talismans and amulets to enhance love and passion, making them a favored stone among lovers and warriors alike.
The ruby’s historical significance is further reinforced by its connection to important cultural and historical events. For example, it is the traditional gemstone for the 15th and 40th wedding anniversaries, symbolizing enduring love and deep commitment. This makes it particularly relevant for individuals born on July 15th, as the ruby becomes a gemstone of both personal and relational significance.
The Onyx: A Stone of Strength and Protection
While the ruby dominates the modern July birthstone tradition, the onyx has a long and storied history as a traditional July gemstone, especially in European and Roman traditions. The name "onyx" is derived from the Greek word "onux," meaning "claw" or "fingernail," likely due to its smooth, banded appearance that resembles the natural patterns of a fingernail.
In ancient Rome and Greece, onyx was used in signet rings and seals, and it was thought to bring calmness and clarity to the wearer. It was also believed to offer protection and grounding, making it a popular choice among warriors and leaders. The stone’s banded appearance was often interpreted as a symbol of order and balance, which were highly valued in both personal and public life.
Onyx was also used in jewelry and decorative objects throughout history. Its deep, rich color and smooth texture made it a favored material for carvings, cameos, and intaglios. In some traditions, onyx was believed to enhance self-control and discipline, making it an ideal stone for those seeking to overcome challenges and maintain composure under pressure.
Geological Formation and Sources
The Ruby: A Variety of Corundum
The ruby is a variety of the mineral corundum, which is composed of aluminum oxide (Al₂O₃). The red color of the ruby is due to the presence of trace amounts of chromium, which causes the characteristic red hue. The intensity of the color can vary depending on the concentration of chromium and other trace elements.
Rubies are formed deep within the Earth's crust under high pressure and temperature conditions. They are typically found in metamorphic rocks, such as marble and gneiss, and are often associated with deposits of other gemstones, such as sapphires. The most famous sources of rubies include Burma (Myanmar), Thailand, Sri Lanka, and Madagascar.
The hardness of a ruby is 9 on the Mohs scale, making it one of the hardest gemstones after diamonds and moissanite. This high hardness makes rubies durable and suitable for use in a wide range of jewelry, including rings, necklaces, and bracelets. However, despite their durability, rubies can be susceptible to fractures if struck with sufficient force, so care should be taken when handling and wearing ruby jewelry.
The Onyx: A Type of Chalcedony
Onyx is a type of chalcedony, which is a form of quartz. It is composed of silicon dioxide (SiO₂) and is often found in banded varieties, with alternating layers of white and black. The most common and commercially available onyx is black onyx, which is typically heat-treated or dyed to enhance its deep, rich color.
Onyx is formed through the slow deposition of silica-rich water in rock cavities and fissures. Over time, the water evaporates, leaving behind layers of chalcedony that form the distinctive banded patterns. The process can take thousands of years, resulting in the unique and intricate designs found in onyx.
The primary sources of onyx include Brazil, India, and the United States. The stone is relatively soft compared to rubies, with a hardness of 6.5 to 7 on the Mohs scale. While this makes it less durable than ruby, onyx is still suitable for use in jewelry, particularly in pieces that are not subject to frequent wear or impact. However, it is important to note that dyed onyx should be handled with care, as the color can fade if exposed to direct sunlight or artificial light for long periods.
Gemological Properties
The Ruby: A Stone of Vibrant Color and Durability
The ruby is known for its vibrant red color, which is caused by the presence of chromium. The intensity of the color can vary from a deep, rich red to a more pinkish hue, depending on the concentration of chromium and other trace elements. The most valuable rubies are those with a deep, saturated red color, often described as "pigeon's blood" red.
In addition to its color, the ruby is prized for its clarity and brilliance. High-quality rubies are typically free of visible inclusions, though some inclusions can actually enhance the stone’s value by providing evidence of its natural origin. Rubies are often cut in a variety of shapes, including round, oval, and cushion cuts, to maximize their brilliance and color.
The ruby’s high hardness (9 on the Mohs scale) makes it one of the most durable gemstones. This durability allows it to be used in a wide range to jewelry, including rings and bracelets, which are subject to daily wear. However, due to its high hardness, rubies can be difficult to cut and polish, requiring skilled gem cutters to bring out their full beauty.
The Onyx: A Stone of Banded Patterns and Grounding Energy
Onyx is known for its distinctive banded patterns, which are formed through the slow deposition of silica-rich water. These bands can vary in color and width, creating a unique and intricate design in each stone. The most common and commercially available onyx is black onyx, which is typically heat-treated or dyed to enhance its deep, rich color.
The onyx’s relative softness (6.5 to 7 on the Mohs scale) makes it less durable than ruby, but it is still suitable for use in jewelry, particularly in pieces that are not subject to frequent wear or impact. Onyx is often cut into cabochons or used in beads, as its smooth texture and banded patterns make it an attractive and versatile gemstone.
One of the key advantages of onyx is its ability to be shaped and polished easily, allowing for a wide range of designs and applications. It is often used in rings, pendants, and bracelets, where its grounding and protective properties are believed to provide a sense of calm and balance to the wearer.
Symbolism and Metaphysical Beliefs
The Ruby: A Symbol of Passion and Vitality
The ruby has long been associated with passion, vitality, and protection. In many cultures, it is believed to enhance the heart’s energy and promote a deep sense of love and compassion. This makes it a particularly meaningful gemstone for those born on July 15th, as it symbolizes the enduring love and commitment associated with the 15th and 40th wedding anniversaries.
In addition to its association with love, the ruby is also believed to bring courage and strength to the wearer. It is often used as a talisman for those seeking to overcome challenges and achieve their goals. The stone’s deep red color is thought to represent the life force and energy of the body, making it a powerful symbol of vitality and resilience.
In some traditions, the ruby is also believed to have protective properties, warding off negative energy and promoting a sense of security and confidence. This makes it an ideal gemstone for those who are seeking to enhance their self-esteem and assertiveness.
The Onyx: A Stone of Grounding and Protection
The onyx is believed to have grounding and protective properties, making it a popular choice for those who seek to maintain balance and stability in their lives. In many cultures, it is used as a talisman to ward off negative energy and promote a sense of calm and clarity.
The stone’s banded appearance is often interpreted as a symbol of order and balance, which are highly valued in both personal and public life. This makes onyx an ideal gemstone for those who are seeking to overcome challenges and maintain composure under pressure.
In addition to its grounding properties, the onyx is also believed to enhance self-control and discipline. This makes it a popular choice for those who are seeking to overcome addictions, manage stress, or maintain focus on their goals.
Care and Cleaning
The Ruby: Preserving Its Brilliance and Durability
Due to its high hardness (9 on the Mohs scale), the ruby is one of the most durable gemstones. However, despite its durability, rubies can be susceptible to fractures if struck with sufficient force. Therefore, it is important to handle ruby jewelry with care and avoid exposing it to impacts or harsh chemicals.
To clean a ruby, it is recommended to use a soft cloth and mild soap with warm water. A soft-bristled brush can be used to gently remove any dirt or debris. It is important to avoid using ultrasonic cleaners or steam cleaners, as these can potentially damage the stone, especially if it contains inclusions or fractures.
When storing ruby jewelry, it is best to keep it in a separate compartment to avoid scratches from other gemstones. Rubies should also be kept away from direct sunlight for extended periods, as this can cause the color to fade over time.
The Onyx: Maintaining Its Luster and Color
Onyx is relatively soft compared to ruby, with a hardness of 6.5 to 7 on the Mohs scale. This makes it more susceptible to scratches and wear, especially if it is dyed or heat-treated. Therefore, it is important to handle onyx jewelry with care and avoid exposing it to harsh chemicals or abrasive materials.
To clean onyx, it is recommended to use a soft cloth and mild soap with warm water. A soft-bristled brush can be used to gently remove any dirt or debris. It is important to avoid using ultrasonic cleaners or steam cleaners, as these can potentially damage the stone, especially if it is dyed or heat-treated.
When storing onyx jewelry, it is best to keep it in a separate compartment to avoid scratches from other gemstones. Onyx should also be kept away from direct sunlight for extended periods, as this can cause the color to fade, particularly in dyed onyx.
Conclusion
The ruby and onyx are two of the most significant gemstones associated with July 15th, each carrying a rich history, unique gemological properties, and deep symbolism. The ruby, with its vibrant red color and association with power, passion, and protection, has long been a symbol of vitality and endurance. Its high hardness and durability make it a valuable and enduring gemstone that has been cherished for centuries in both traditional and modern jewelry.
The onyx, with its banded patterns and grounding energy, offers a complementary and equally meaningful alternative. Its association with strength, protection, and balance makes it a popular choice for those who seek to maintain stability and composure in their lives. While less durable than ruby, onyx still holds a special place in the world of gemology and jewelry, particularly in traditional July birthstone traditions.
Together, the ruby and onyx represent the duality of strength and passion, making them perfect symbols for the month of July. Whether worn as jewelry or used as talismans, these gemstones offer a rich history, deep symbolism, and lasting beauty that can be appreciated for generations.