December is a month rich in symbolism and tradition, and it is reflected in its selection of birthstones. Unlike many months that are represented by a single gemstone, December is associated with multiple stones—Turquoise, Tanzanite, Zircon, and Blue Topaz. These gemstones, all in shades of blue, capture the spirit of winter and offer a diverse range of qualities, from historical significance to metaphysical properties and gemological characteristics. This article explores the significance, properties, and cultural symbolism of each of these December birthstones, offering a comprehensive guide to their meanings, uses in jewelry, and care instructions.
Introduction
December's birthstones are not only visually striking but also carry deep historical and symbolic meanings. The primary December birthstone is Turquoise, a gem with a long and storied history in human culture. Alongside it are Tanzanite, a modern discovery with a unique color change, and Zircon, a gem known for its brilliance and clarity. Blue Topaz was later added to the list, valued for its durability and bright color. These gemstones are associated with the zodiac signs of Sagittarius and Capricorn, and each carries distinct spiritual and emotional properties. The inclusion of multiple December birthstones allows for a broader representation of personal style and meaning, making December a month of rich diversity in gemstone symbolism.
In the following sections, we will explore the history and lore of each December birthstone, delve into their geological formation and sources, examine their gemological properties, and discuss their symbolic and metaphysical significance. We will also provide practical advice on how to care for these gemstones to preserve their beauty and value.
History and Lore
The tradition of birthstones dates back centuries, with roots in ancient religious texts and cultural beliefs. The December birthstones have each contributed to this legacy in their own way, with some having been used for millennia and others being relatively modern additions.
Turquoise: A Stone of Protection and Prosperity
Turquoise has been treasured for thousands of years, with some of the earliest known uses dating back to the ancient Egyptians, who believed it to be a protective stone. The name "turquoise" comes from the French phrase "pierre turquoise," meaning "Turkish stone," as the gem was introduced to Europe via Turkey. In many cultures, turquoise is seen as a stone of protection, success, and happiness. Native American tribes, for example, used turquoise in jewelry and amulets to ward off evil and bring good fortune.
Tanzanite: A Modern Discovery
Tanzanite is a relatively recent addition to the world of gemstones, having been discovered in the 1960s in Tanzania. It was named after the country in which it was found, and it quickly became popular for its beautiful violet-blue color and its ability to change color under different lighting conditions. Tanzanite is often associated with transformation and new beginnings, making it a fitting symbol for the end of the year and the start of a new one.
Zircon: A Gem of Clarity and Wisdom
Zircon has been known to humans for centuries, though it is often confused with other gemstones like cubic zirconia. Natural zircon, however, is a distinct gem with a high refractive index and brilliant sparkle. In ancient times, zircon was believed to bring wisdom and clarity of thought. It was also thought to be a protective stone, helping its wearer to remain balanced and focused.
Blue Topaz: A Durable and Radiant Gem
Blue Topaz is a newer addition to the December birthstone list, chosen in part for its durability and bright blue color. While topaz is generally associated with strength and clarity, Blue Topaz adds the element of calm and serenity. It is a popular choice for jewelry that is worn regularly, as it is more resistant to scratches and damage than some of the other December birthstones.
Together, these gemstones form a rich tapestry of history and symbolism, offering a wide range of options for those born in December or those who wish to incorporate the energy of these stones into their lives.
Geological Formation and Sources
Each of the December birthstones is formed under unique geological conditions and is found in specific locations around the world. Understanding the origins of these gemstones helps to appreciate their rarity and beauty.
Turquoise: Formed by Groundwater and Time
Turquoise is a phosphate mineral formed when copper-bearing groundwater reacts with the surrounding rock. This process takes place over thousands of years, resulting in the formation of a semi-transparent to opaque stone with a range of blue and green hues. The dark lines and patterns visible in turquoise are known as the "matrix," and they are derived from the minerals in the surrounding rock. Major sources of turquoise include Iran, the United States, Tibet, and India.
Tanzanite: A Unique Geological Environment
Tanzanite is a type of zoisite that forms under specific geological conditions. It was discovered in 1967 near Mount Kilimanjaro in Tanzania, where the unique combination of heat and pressure created the perfect environment for this gemstone to form. Tanzanite is notable for its color change, which is due to the presence of vanadium. This gem is only found in one location in the world—Tanzania—making it one of the rarest and most exclusive gemstones.
Zircon: Ancient and Durable
Zircon is a mineral that has been around for billions of years and is found in a variety of colors, including blue, yellow, red, and green. The blue zircon used as a December birthstone is created through heat treatment, which enhances its color and clarity. Zircon is found in many parts of the world, including Australia, Thailand, and Sri Lanka. Its high refractive index gives it a brilliant sparkle that is often compared to diamonds.
Blue Topaz: A Radiant and Durable Gem
Blue Topaz is a type of topaz that has been treated to enhance its blue color. Natural topaz is colorless, but when it is exposed to heat and radiation, it can develop a range of blue hues. Blue Topaz is found in several countries, including Brazil, the United States, and Nigeria. It is highly durable with a hardness of 8 on the Mohs scale, making it ideal for everyday wear.
Gemological Properties
Each of the December birthstones has unique gemological properties that contribute to its beauty and value. Understanding these properties helps in selecting the right stone for jewelry and in caring for it properly.
Turquoise
- Color: Shades of blue and green, often with matrix patterns.
- Hardness: 5–6 on the Mohs scale.
- Refractive Index: 1.61–1.65.
- Chemical Formula: CuAl6(PO4)4(OH)8·4H2O.
- Luster: Waxy to greasy.
- Transparency: Opaque to semi-transparent.
- Cleavage: No cleavage.
Turquoise is relatively soft and porous, which makes it susceptible to damage from harsh chemicals and physical impact. It is best suited for jewelry that is worn occasionally or with care.
Tanzanite
- Color: Violet-blue with color change in different lighting.
- Hardness: 6–7 on the Mohs scale.
- Refractive Index: 1.694–1.701.
- Chemical Formula: Ca₂Al₃(PO₄)₃(OH)₃·H₂O.
- Luster: Vitreous.
- Transparency: Transparent to translucent.
- Cleavage: Perfect in one direction.
Tanzanite's color change is due to the presence of vanadium, and its perfect cleavage makes it vulnerable to breakage. It is best suited for jewelry that is worn with care and stored properly.
Zircon
- Color: Blue, yellow, red, green.
- Hardness: 6–7.5 on the Mohs scale.
- Refractive Index: 1.92–2.01.
- Chemical Formula: ZrSiO₄.
- Luster: Vitreous.
- Transparency: Transparent to translucent.
- Cleavage: No cleavage.
Zircon has a high refractive index, giving it a brilliant sparkle. It is durable and suitable for everyday wear, though it can be affected by heat treatment if not handled properly.
Blue Topaz
- Color: Bright blue, achieved through irradiation and heat treatment.
- Hardness: 8 on the Mohs scale.
- Refractive Index: 1.619–1.627.
- Chemical Formula: Al₂SiO₄(F,OH)₂.
- Luster: Vitreous.
- Transparency: Transparent.
- Cleavage: No cleavage.
Blue Topaz is a durable gemstone that is well-suited for everyday wear. Its bright blue color and high hardness make it a popular choice for engagement rings and other jewelry.
Symbolism and Metaphysical Beliefs
The December birthstones are not only valued for their beauty and durability but also for their symbolic and metaphysical properties. Each stone is believed to carry unique energies and meanings that can be harnessed for personal growth and well-being.
Turquoise
- Symbolism: Protection, good fortune, and calmness.
- Metaphysical Properties: Turquoise is often used as a protective stone, helping to ground the wearer and promote a sense of stability. It is also associated with truth and communication, making it a valuable stone for those seeking clarity and honesty in their interactions.
Tanzanite
- Symbolism: Transformation, new beginnings, and emotional balance.
- Metaphysical Properties: Tanzanite is believed to support emotional healing and personal growth. It is often used during times of transition or change, helping the wearer to embrace new possibilities with confidence and clarity.
Zircon
- Symbolism: Clarity, wisdom, and balance.
- Metaphysical Properties: Zircon is associated with mental clarity and focus. It is believed to enhance one's ability to think clearly and make sound decisions. It is also a stone of balance, helping to harmonize the body and mind.
Blue Topaz
- Symbolism: Calmness, serenity, and emotional stability.
- Metaphysical Properties: Blue Topaz is believed to promote a sense of calm and tranquility. It is often used to reduce stress and anxiety and to encourage a positive outlook. It is also associated with love and compassion, making it a valuable stone for those seeking emotional healing.
These metaphysical properties, while not scientifically proven, are widely accepted in the world of gemology and are often used to enhance personal well-being and spiritual growth.
Care and Cleaning
Proper care and cleaning are essential to maintaining the beauty and value of the December birthstones. Each gemstone has specific care requirements based on its hardness, porosity, and susceptibility to damage.
Turquoise
- Cleaning: Gently wipe with a soft cloth and mild soap. Avoid using harsh chemicals or ultrasonic cleaners.
- Storage: Store separately to avoid scratches. Keep in a cool, dry place.
- Special Care: Avoid exposure to water and chemicals, as turquoise is porous and can absorb substances that may damage its color.
Tanzanite
- Cleaning: Use warm water and mild soap. Avoid ultrasonic cleaners and steamers.
- Storage: Store separately to prevent scratches. Avoid exposure to heat, as tanzanite can fade.
- Special Care: Avoid exposure to direct sunlight for extended periods, as this can cause the color to fade.
Zircon
- Cleaning: Use warm water and mild soap. Avoid ultrasonic cleaners and steamers.
- Storage: Store in a soft cloth or padded jewelry box to prevent scratches.
- Special Care: Avoid exposure to high heat, as zircon can be affected by heat treatment.
Blue Topaz
- Cleaning: Use warm water and mild soap. Can be cleaned with ultrasonic cleaners.
- Storage: Store in a cool, dry place. No special precautions are needed.
- Special Care: Blue Topaz is durable and can be worn daily with minimal care.
By following these care instructions, the December birthstones can be enjoyed for years to come, maintaining their beauty and value.
Conclusion
The December birthstones—Turquoise, Tanzanite, Zircon, and Blue Topaz—offer a rich and diverse selection of gemstones that reflect the spirit of winter and the end of the year. Each stone has its own unique history, gemological properties, and symbolic meaning, making them valuable not only for their beauty but also for their personal and spiritual significance. Whether chosen for its protective qualities, its ability to support emotional growth, or its brilliant sparkle, these gemstones provide a meaningful way to celebrate the month of December and the individuals born under the zodiac signs of Sagittarius and Capricorn. With proper care and appreciation, the December birthstones can continue to shine brightly for generations to come.