December 16th is a date marked by rich symbolism and tradition, and for those born on this day, the choice of birthstone is particularly unique. Unlike many other dates, December 16th is associated with a range of gemstones, including Turquoise, Tanzanite, and Zircon, with Blue Topaz also considered an alternative birthstone. These stones are not only beautiful but also steeped in historical and cultural significance. This article explores the properties, origins, symbolism, and care of these December birthstones, offering a comprehensive guide to their significance and appeal.
Introduction
December is a month rich in natural beauty and symbolism, and for those born on the 16th, the selection of birthstones reflects this richness. The official birthstones for December include Turquoise, Tanzanite, and Zircon, with Blue Topaz also recognized as an alternative. These gemstones are all blue in color, a hue that evokes the coolness of winter and the vastness of the sky and sea. Each stone carries its own history, cultural significance, and gemological properties, making them a fascinating study for gemstone enthusiasts, jewelry buyers, and students of gemology alike.
This article delves into the characteristics of these December birthstones, examining their origins, symbolic meanings, and practical considerations for care and use in jewelry. It also explores the reasons behind the multiple birthstone options for December and the historical context that led to their designation.
History and Lore
The use of gemstones as symbols of birth and identity has a long and storied history, dating back to ancient times. The tradition of assigning gemstones to specific months of the year can be traced to the early 20th century when the National Association of Jewelers standardized the list of birthstones in 1912. This list was later updated by the Jewelry Industry Council of America in 1952 and further refined in the 21st century with the addition of Tanzanite in 2002.
Turquoise: The Ancient Sky-Blue Treasure
Turquoise is one of the oldest known gemstones, with a history that spans millennia. The name "Turquoise" is derived from the French phrase pierre turquoise, meaning "Turkish stone," a reference to the trade routes that brought the gemstone from the East to Europe. In ancient times, Turquoise was highly valued by cultures such as the Egyptians, Persians, Native Americans, and Tibetans, who used it in jewelry, amulets, and ceremonial objects.
One of the most notable aspects of Turquoise is its symbolic role as a stone of protection and good fortune. It was believed to offer protection during travel and was often carried by warriors and travelers as a talisman. In Native American cultures, Turquoise was considered a sacred stone, associated with the sky and believed to bring health and happiness.
Tanzanite: The Modern Marvel
Tanzanite is a more recent addition to the list of December birthstones, first discovered in Tanzania in the 1960s. The gemstone is a type of zircon that was heat-treated to enhance its color, resulting in a deep violet-blue hue that changes depending on the light. This unique property, known as trichroism, makes Tanzanite a visually striking gemstone.
Tanzanite is the rarest of the December birthstones, found only in a small area near Arusha, Tanzania. Its discovery in the mid-20th century coincided with a growing interest in new gemstone discoveries and the expansion of the global jewelry market. The stone was officially recognized as a December birthstone in 2002, reflecting the evolving nature of gemstone traditions.
Zircon: The Timeless Sparkler
Zircon is a gemstone with a long and varied history, often confused with Tanzanite due to their similar appearance. However, Zircon is a distinct gemstone with its own unique properties. The name "Zircon" comes from the Arabic word zirkun, which was used to describe a type of gemstone found in ancient texts.
Zircon occurs in a range of colors, but the blue variety is particularly popular as a December birthstone. The blue color is achieved through heat treatment, a process that has been used for centuries to enhance the gemstone's appearance. Zircon is known for its brilliance and fire, making it a popular choice for jewelry that requires a sparkling effect.
In ancient times, Zircon was believed to offer wisdom and balance, and it was often used in rings and pendants. The gemstone was also associated with transformation and clarity, making it a fitting symbol for those born in December.
Blue Topaz: The Alternative Option
Blue Topaz is considered an alternative December birthstone, though it is not as commonly associated with December 16th as the others. The gemstone is a type of Topaz, a mineral that occurs in a variety of colors. The blue color in Topaz is achieved through irradiation or heat treatment, a process that has been used for decades to enhance the gemstone's appearance.
Blue Topaz is known for its durability and affordability, making it a popular choice for everyday jewelry. It is the hardest of the December birthstones, with a Mohs hardness of 8, making it ideal for rings and other pieces that are worn frequently.
Geological Formation and Sources
Each of the December birthstones has a unique geological formation and set of sources. Understanding these factors is essential for appreciating the rarity and beauty of these gemstones.
Turquoise
Turquoise is formed through a combination of groundwater and mineral reactions. The gemstone is typically found in phosphatic rock and is created when copper-rich water seeps into the ground and reacts with aluminum and phosphorus. This process results in the formation of Turquoise, which is often found in veins and nodules within the host rock.
The most famous sources of Turquoise include Iran, Egypt, China, and the Southwestern United States, particularly in Arizona, New Mexico, and Nevada. These regions are known for producing Turquoise with distinct color variations and matrix patterns, which add to the stone's visual appeal.
Tanzanite
Tanzanite is found only in Tanzania, specifically in a small area near Arusha. The gemstone is a type of Zircon that contains trichroism, a property that allows it to display three different colors depending on the angle of light. This unique characteristic is due to the presence of trivalent iron in the crystal structure.
The rarity of Tanzanite is a key factor in its value. It is estimated that Tanzanite deposits may be depleted within a few decades, making it one of the most valuable and sought-after gemstones in the world.
Zircon
Zircon is a mineral that occurs in a wide range of geological environments, including igneous, sedimentary, and metamorphic rocks. The blue variety of Zircon is particularly popular as a gemstone and is often found in alluvial deposits and placer mines.
Major sources of Zircon include Australia, Sri Lanka, Thailand, and Brazil. The gemstone is known for its high refractive index, which gives it a sparkling, fire-like appearance. Unlike Tanzanite, Zircon is not as rare, but it still holds a special place in the world of gemstones due to its brilliance and versatility.
Blue Topaz
Blue Topaz is a type of Topaz that has been treated to enhance its color. The gemstone is found in various parts of the world, including Brazil, Nigeria, Mexico, and the United States. The blue color in Topaz is created through irradiation or heat treatment, a process that has been used for decades to produce gemstones with a consistent and desirable color.
Blue Topaz is known for its durability and affordability, making it a popular choice for everyday jewelry. It is the hardest of the December birthstones, with a Mohs hardness of 8, making it ideal for rings and other pieces that are worn frequently.
Summary of Geological Sources and Formation
| Gemstone | Formation | Primary Sources |
|---|---|---|
| Turquoise | Formed by copper-rich groundwater reacting with phosphorus and aluminum | Iran, Egypt, China, Arizona, New Mexico, Nevada |
| Tanzanite | Type of Zircon with trichroism due to trivalent iron | Tanzania (near Arusha) |
| Zircon | Occurs in igneous, sedimentary, and metamorphic rocks; blue variety from heat treatment | Australia, Sri Lanka, Thailand, Brazil |
| Blue Topaz | Type of Topaz with blue color from irradiation or heat treatment | Brazil, Nigeria, Mexico, United States |
Gemological Properties
Each of the December birthstones has unique gemological properties that define their appearance, durability, and suitability for different types of jewelry. These properties include hardness, color, clarity, refractive index, and specific gravity, among others.
Turquoise
Turquoise is a soft gemstone with a Mohs hardness of 5 to 6, making it more delicate than many other gemstones. It is an opaque stone with a glassy to waxy luster and is often found with matrix patterns, which are natural veins or spots that add to its visual interest.
The color of Turquoise ranges from soft sky blue to greenish hues, and the presence of matrix can affect the overall appearance of the stone. Turquoise is also porous, which means it can absorb oils and chemicals, so it requires special care when worn or cleaned.
Tanzanite
Tanzanite is a relatively soft gemstone with a Mohs hardness of 6 to 7, making it sensitive to scratches and abrasions. It is a transparent to translucent stone with a vibrant violet-blue color that changes depending on the light source.
The refractive index of Tanzanite is 1.69 to 1.70, and it has a specific gravity of 3.10 to 3.35. The gemstone is also trichroic, meaning it displays three different colors depending on the angle of light.
Zircon
Zircon is a hard gemstone with a Mohs hardness of 7 to 7.5, making it more durable than Turquoise and Tanzanite. It is a transparent to translucent stone with a high refractive index, which gives it a sparkling, fire-like appearance.
The color of Zircon varies depending on the type and treatment. The blue variety is particularly popular as a December birthstone, and it is known for its brilliance and clarity. Zircon also has a specific gravity of 3.90 to 4.70, which contributes to its density and weight.
Blue Topaz
Blue Topaz is the hardest of the December birthstones, with a Mohs hardness of 8, making it very durable and suitable for everyday wear. It is a transparent gemstone with a brilliant, glassy luster and a vibrant blue color that is enhanced through irradiation or heat treatment.
The refractive index of Blue Topaz is 1.62 to 1.64, and it has a specific gravity of 3.40 to 3.50. The gemstone is also colorless in its natural state, and the blue color is the result of radiation exposure.
Summary of Gemological Properties
| Gemstone | Hardness (Mohs) | Color | Clarity | Refractive Index | Specific Gravity |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Turquoise | 5 to 6 | Blue to greenish with matrix | Opaque | 1.61 to 1.64 | 2.70 to 2.85 |
| Tanzanite | 6 to 7 | Violet-blue (trichroic) | Transparent to translucent | 1.69 to 1.70 | 3.10 to 3.35 |
| Zircon | 7 to 7.5 | Blue (treated) | Transparent to translucent | 1.92 to 2.01 | 3.90 to 4.70 |
| Blue Topaz | 8 | Blue (treated) | Transparent | 1.62 to 1.64 | 3.40 to 3.50 |
Symbolism and Metaphysical Beliefs
Each of the December birthstones carries its own set of symbolic meanings and metaphysical beliefs, which have been passed down through generations and cultures.
Turquoise
Turquoise is one of the most spiritually significant gemstones, often associated with protection, healing, and good fortune. In ancient Egypt, Turquoise was used in burial amulets to protect the deceased in the afterlife. In Native American cultures, Turquoise was considered a sacred stone, believed to bring health, happiness, and prosperity.
The gemstone is also associated with communication and self-expression, and it is often used in jewelry and accessories to help the wearer speak their truth and express their emotions. Turquoise is also believed to calm the mind and reduce stress, making it a popular choice for meditation and healing practices.
Tanzanite
Tanzanite is a modern gemstone with strong symbolic associations. It is often linked to transformation, new beginnings, and spiritual growth. The gemstone's trichroic nature—its ability to display three different colors—is seen as a symbol of diversity, change, and the ability to see things from different perspectives.
Tanzanite is also believed to enhance intuition and emotional balance, helping the wearer to navigate life's challenges with clarity and confidence. It is a popular choice for those undergoing major life transitions, such as starting a new job, moving to a new city, or beginning a new relationship.
Zircon
Zircon is a gemstone that is often associated with wisdom, clarity, and balance. In ancient times, Zircon was believed to protect the wearer from negative energies and to enhance their ability to make sound decisions. It was also used in ceremonial jewelry and amulets, particularly in Buddhist and Hindu traditions.
The blue variety of Zircon is particularly popular as a December birthstone, and it is believed to bring a sense of calm and serenity to the wearer. It is also associated with mental clarity and the ability to see through deception, making it a valuable stone for those who seek truth and understanding.
Blue Topaz
Blue Topaz is a gemstone that is often linked to calmness, clarity, and emotional stability. It is believed to soothe the mind and reduce anxiety, making it a popular choice for those who struggle with stress and worry. Blue Topaz is also associated with truth and honesty, and it is often used in jewelry and accessories to encourage open and honest communication.
The gemstone is also believed to enhance creativity and inspiration, making it a popular choice for artists, writers, and musicians. It is also associated with good fortune and success, and it is often used in jewelry and accessories to bring positive energy and motivation to the wearer.
Care and Cleaning
Proper care and cleaning are essential for maintaining the beauty and longevity of December birthstone jewelry. Each gemstone has specific care requirements based on its hardness, porosity, and sensitivity to heat and chemicals.
Turquoise
Turquoise is a soft and porous gemstone that requires special care to avoid damage and discoloration. It should be cleaned with a soft cloth and mild soap, and avoided contact with harsh chemicals, oils, and perfumes, which can stain or degrade the stone.
Turquoise should also be stored separately from other gemstones to prevent scratches and abrasions. It is best to keep it in a cool, dry place to prevent moisture from entering the pores and altering the color.
Tanzanite
Tanzanite is a relatively soft gemstone that is sensitive to heat and chemicals. It should be cleaned with a soft cloth and mild soap, and avoided exposure to high temperatures, which can alter the color and structure of the stone.
Tanzanite should also be stored separately from other gemstones to prevent scratches and abrasions. It is best to keep it in a cool, dark place to prevent fading and discoloration.
Zircon
Zircon is a hard gemstone that is more durable than Turquoise and Tanzanite, but it is still sensitive to heat and chemicals. It should be cleaned with a soft cloth and mild soap, and avoided exposure to high temperatures, which can alter the color and structure of the stone.
Zircon should also be stored separately from other gemstones to prevent scratches and abrasions. It is best to keep it in a cool, dark place to prevent fading and discoloration.
Blue Topaz
Blue Topaz is the hardest of the December birthstones, making it very durable and suitable for everyday wear. It can be cleaned with a soft cloth and mild soap, and it is less sensitive to heat and chemicals than the other December birthstones.
Blue Topaz can also be cleaned with ultrasonic cleaners, but it is best to avoid steam cleaning, as this can damage the setting or the gemstone. It is best to store Blue Topaz separately from other gemstones to prevent scratches and abrasions.
Summary of Care and Cleaning Tips
| Gemstone | Cleaning | Storage |
|---|---|---|
| Turquoise | Use a soft cloth and mild soap; avoid harsh chemicals, oils, and perfumes | Store separately from other gemstones; keep in a cool, dry place |
| Tanzanite | Use a soft cloth and mild soap; avoid exposure to high temperatures | Store separately from other gemstones; keep in a cool, dark place |
| Zircon | Use a soft cloth and mild soap; avoid exposure to high temperatures | Store separately from other gemstones; keep in a cool, dark place |
| Blue Topaz | Use a soft cloth and mild soap; avoid steam cleaning | Store separately from other gemstones; keep in a cool, dry place |
Conclusion
December 16th is a date rich in symbolism and tradition, and for those born on this day, the choice of birthstone is particularly unique. The official birthstones for December include Turquoise, Tanzanite, and Zircon, with Blue Topaz also recognized as an alternative. These gemstones are not only beautiful but also steeped in historical and cultural significance, making them a fascinating study for gemstone enthusiasts, jewelry buyers, and students of gemology.
Each of these December birthstones carries its own set of symbolic meanings and metaphysical beliefs, from protection and healing to transformation and clarity. They also have distinct gemological properties, including hardness, color, and durability, which affect their suitability for different types of jewelry and care requirements.
Understanding the origins, properties, and symbolism of these gemstones can help in choosing the perfect birthstone jewelry and in appreciating the rich history and meaning behind each stone. Whether you are a jewelry buyer, gemstone enthusiast, or student of gemology, the December birthstones offer a wealth of knowledge and beauty to explore.
Sources
- Gemstones By Birthdate - December 16th
- The traditional birthstone for December
- December Birthstones: Meaning, History, and How to Choose the Perfect Gemstone
- What Is December’s Birthstone?
- December Birthstones: Blue Topaz, Blue Zircon, Tanzanite and Turquoise
- December Birthstone: Blue Topaz, Blue Zircon, Tanzanite, and Turquoise