The August Birthstone: Peridot – History, Properties, and Symbolism of the Sun’s Gem

Peridot, the primary birthstone for August, is a gemstone steeped in history and natural beauty. Known for its vibrant green hue, this mineral from the olivine family has captivated gem lovers for centuries. With origins in volcanic rock and even meteorites, peridot is a unique gem that carries both geological and cultural significance. This article delves into the rich history, gemological properties, symbolism, and care of peridot, as well as its place among the other August birthstones—spinel and sardonyx.

Introduction

Peridot is the UK's designated birthstone for August and is recognized for its distinct green coloration. This gemstone, derived from the mineral olivine, is one of the few that occurs naturally in only one color—green. Its name comes from the Arabic word faridat, meaning "gem," and it has been valued by various cultures for its beauty and symbolic meanings. Historically, peridot was mistaken for emerald and topaz due to its similar appearance, a confusion that persisted into the medieval era.

In addition to peridot, August is also associated with two other gemstones: spinel and sardonyx. While peridot is the most widely recognized and used of the three, spinel and sardonyx each have their own unique qualities and historical significance. These gemstones are not only appreciated for their aesthetic appeal but also for their symbolic associations with growth, courage, and stability.

This article explores the origins, properties, and cultural significance of peridot and its August counterparts, providing a comprehensive overview for gemstone enthusiasts, jewelry buyers, and students of gemology.

History and Lore

Peridot's history dates back to ancient times, with some of the earliest records of its use found in Egypt. The Red Sea island of Zabargad, also known as St. John’s Island, was a primary source of peridot for the ancient Egyptians, who referred to it as the "gem of the sun." They believed that peridot had protective powers, particularly against nighttime fears and nightmares. Some historians speculate that Cleopatra's famous emerald collection may have actually been peridot, as the two were often confused in ancient times.

During the medieval era, peridot was frequently mistaken for emerald, and it was commonly used in European jewelry. One notable example is the Shrine of the Three Holy Kings in the Cologne Cathedral, which is adorned with peridot gemstones that were once thought to be emeralds. This misidentification highlights the gem's historical significance and the challenges of early gemology.

In more recent centuries, peridot has gained recognition as a popular and affordable alternative to emerald. Its bright green color and relative abundance have made it a favorite among jewelry designers and consumers alike. In the UK, it is officially recognized as the birthstone for August and is often used in engagement rings, pendants, and other fine jewelry pieces.

Geological Formation and Sources

Peridot is a naturally occurring gemstone that forms under extreme geological conditions. It is a variety of the mineral olivine, a magnesium iron silicate with the chemical formula (Mg,Fe)₂SiO₄. The green color of peridot is due to the presence of iron within its crystal structure. The intensity of the green hue varies depending on the iron content, ranging from yellow-green to olive green.

Peridot is typically found in volcanic rocks and meteorites, making it one of the few gemstones that originate from both the Earth and outer space. On Earth, it is most commonly found in igneous rocks such as basalt and peridotite, which are formed under high-pressure conditions deep within the Earth's mantle. The heat and pressure cause the iron-rich minerals to crystallize, forming peridot.

Major sources of peridot include the Red Sea island of Zabargad, where it has been mined for centuries. Other significant sources include the United States (particularly in Arizona), Pakistan, Myanmar, and Brazil. Meteorites, especially those from the Allende meteorite in Mexico, have also been found to contain peridot, further emphasizing its extraterrestrial origins.

The gemstone is often found in its natural crystal form, and jewelers cut it into a variety of shapes and sizes. Its affordability compared to other green gemstones like emerald makes it a popular choice for jewelry design.

Gemological Properties

Peridot is a unique gemstone with distinct physical and optical properties. Below is a detailed overview of its key gemological characteristics:

Property	Description
Color	Yellow-green to olive green; the most desirable shade is a vivid green with a slight yellow undertone.
Hardness (Mohs Scale)	6.5 to 7.0
Refractive Index	1.65 to 1.69
Specific Gravity	3.32 to 4.54
Transparency	Transparent to translucent
Luster	Vitreous (glassy)
Cleavage	Fair, but not easily visible
Inclusions	Common, often visible as small, dark specks or needles; these are typically not considered flaws and are part of the stone's natural character.
Origin	Volcanic rocks and meteorites; notable sources include Zabargad, Arizona, and meteorite deposits in Mexico.
Cut	Round, oval, marquise, and other shapes; the most popular is the brilliant cut to maximize its fire and brilliance.
Carat Weight	Available in a wide range, from small accent stones to larger center stones.

Peridot's relatively high hardness makes it suitable for everyday wear in jewelry, but it is not as durable as diamonds or sapphires. It should be protected from hard knocks and abrasions. Its refractive index contributes to its lively appearance, and when well-cut, peridot can display a beautiful sparkle.

Unlike many other gemstones, peridot does not come in a wide range of colors. It is one of the few gemstones that occurs naturally in only one color—green. This makes it distinct and easily identifiable.

Symbolism and Metaphysical Beliefs

Peridot has long been associated with positive energy, healing, and protection. In ancient times, it was believed to ward off nightmares and negative thoughts. The gemstone was often worn during the night to promote peaceful sleep and to harness the power of the sun. In medieval Europe, peridot was thought to have the power to dispel negativity and bring good fortune to its wearer.

In modern times, peridot is often associated with the Heart Chakra and is believed to support emotional healing and the release of emotional baggage. It is said to promote compassion, self-worth, and inner peace. Some also believe that peridot can help in overcoming jealousy and anger, making it a powerful stone for those seeking emotional balance.

Spinel and sardonyx, the other August birthstones, also carry their own symbolic meanings. Spinel is believed to enhance mental clarity, inspire creativity, and uplift the spirit. Sardonyx is associated with grounding energy, providing emotional stability and protection from negative influences.

While these beliefs are not scientifically proven, they continue to be an important part of the cultural and spiritual significance of these gemstones. Many people choose to wear August birthstones not only for their beauty but also for the positive energies they are believed to bring.

Care and Cleaning

Due to its relatively high hardness and lack of cleavage, peridot is a fairly durable gemstone. However, it is still susceptible to scratches and damage if not handled properly. Here are some tips for caring for and cleaning peridot jewelry:

Avoid Harsh Chemicals: Peridot should not be exposed to harsh cleaning agents or solvents, as these can damage its surface or dull its luster.
Warm, Soapy Water: A gentle cleaning method is to use lukewarm water with a mild dish soap. Soak the jewelry for a few minutes, then gently brush it with a soft cloth or a soft-bristled toothbrush.
Ultrasonic Cleaners: These can be used with caution, but they should not be used on jewelry that contains other delicate stones or materials.
Steam Cleaners: These should be avoided as they can cause internal stress in the gemstone.
Storage: Store peridot jewelry separately from harder gemstones to prevent scratches. A soft pouch or a lined jewelry box is ideal.
Avoid Heat and Sunlight: Prolonged exposure to direct sunlight or high heat can cause peridot to fade or lose its luster.

By following these care guidelines, peridot jewelry can retain its beauty and brilliance for many years.

August Birthstone Trio: Peridot, Spinel, and Sardonyx

While peridot is the most recognized and widely used August birthstone, it is joined by two other gemstones—spinel and sardonyx. Each of these stones has its own unique properties and historical significance.

Spinel

Spinel is a versatile gemstone that occurs in a wide range of colors, including red, pink, violet, and blue. It is often mistaken for ruby, as red spinel was historically classified as ruby. Spinel is known for its brilliance and clarity, making it a popular choice for fine jewelry. In terms of symbolism, spinel is associated with inspiration, strength, and hope. It is believed to support mental clarity and emotional confidence, making it a powerful stone for those seeking to overcome challenges.

Sardonyx

Sardonyx is a banded chalcedony that features alternating layers of sard (reddish-brown) and white onyx. It has been used in jewelry for thousands of years and is one of the oldest August birthstones, with a history dating back over 4,000 years. Sardonyx is associated with emotional grounding, stability, and protection from negative influences. It is believed to support focus and consistency, making it an ideal stone for those who seek emotional balance and strength.

Together, these three gemstones—peridot, spinel, and sardonyx—offer a diverse range of colors, symbolism, and properties. They provide August borns with a variety of options for personal adornment, each with its own unique appeal and significance.

Conclusion

Peridot, the August birthstone, is a gemstone with a rich history and unique properties. Formed from volcanic rock and meteorites, it is one of the few gemstones that occurs naturally in only one color—green. Its vibrant hue and affordability have made it a popular choice in jewelry design, while its historical significance and symbolic meanings continue to captivate gemstone enthusiasts. In addition to peridot, August is also represented by spinel and sardonyx, each of which brings its own color and symbolism to the month's birthstone tradition.

Whether worn for its beauty, its history, or its symbolic meaning, peridot remains a cherished gemstone for those born in August. Its connection to the sun, its protective qualities, and its association with growth and renewal make it a meaningful and powerful stone. As both a geological marvel and a cultural treasure, peridot stands as a shining example of the enduring appeal of birthstones.