Alexandrite, the June birthstone, stands out among gemstones for its rarity, beauty, and unique optical properties. Known as the “emerald by day and ruby by night,” this captivating chrysoberyl gemstone exhibits a remarkable color change depending on the light source. This transformation, from green or bluish-green in daylight to red or purple under incandescent or candlelight, makes alexandrite one of the most desirable and sought-after gemstones in the world. In this article, we will explore the history, geological properties, symbolism, and care of alexandrite, with a focus on its role as an engagement ring. We will also examine the differences between natural and lab-grown alexandrite and discuss how to compare price and quality when selecting an alexandrite engagement ring.
History and Lore
Alexandrite was discovered in the Ural Mountains of Russia in the 1830s. Its discovery was serendipitous and occurred during a period of intense interest in gemstones and mineralogy in Europe. The gemstone is named after Tsar Alexander II of Russia, who was celebrating his 16th birthday when the stone was first identified. It was believed that the green color of alexandrite in daylight symbolized the youth and vitality of the young monarch, while the red hue under candlelight represented the blood he would shed in service to the throne.
The gemstone quickly gained notoriety for its magical color-changing properties. In the 19th century, alexandrite was considered a symbol of good fortune and was often given as a gift to mark significant occasions. It was also believed to bring balance, creativity, and harmony to the lives of those who wore it. These beliefs persisted into the 20th century, and alexandrite became an important part of June’s birthstone tradition.
Geological Formation and Sources
Alexandrite belongs to the chrysoberyl family, a group of minerals that also includes cat’s eye. It is a rare gemstone, and its formation requires specific geological conditions. Alexandrite forms in metamorphic rocks, particularly in areas where beryl and other gem-bearing minerals are present. The green color of alexandrite is due to the presence of chromium or vanadium, while the red or purple hues under incandescent light are caused by the same elements but under different lighting conditions.
Natural alexandrite is primarily found in the Ural Mountains of Russia, where it was first discovered. However, due to the depletion of these deposits, alexandrite is now more commonly found in Brazil, Sri Lanka, and Madagascar. These countries have become the primary sources for alexandrite today. The gemstone is also sometimes found in India and Myanmar.
The rarity of alexandrite, especially the high-quality specimens with a strong and vivid color change, makes it one of the most valuable gemstones in the world. Prices for natural alexandrite can range between $5,000 and $20,000 per carat, depending on the quality and origin of the stone.
Gemological Properties
Alexandrite is a remarkable gemstone with a unique set of properties. Its color change is one of its most distinctive features and is caused by the way light is absorbed and reflected by the chromium and vanadium present in the stone. In daylight, the green color is dominant, while under incandescent light or candlelight, the red or purple hues become more prominent. This effect is known as the alexandrite effect and is a hallmark of the gemstone.
The hardness of alexandrite on the Mohs scale is 8.5, making it a durable gemstone suitable for everyday wear. It has a refractive index of 1.74 to 1.78, which contributes to its brilliance and fire. The density of alexandrite is approximately 3.71 to 3.73 g/cm³, which is relatively high for a gemstone. It is also isotropic, meaning that it does not exhibit pleochroism, or the ability to show different colors when viewed from different angles.
Alexandrite is typically cut in a variety of shapes, including oval, round, and cushion cuts, to enhance its color change and brilliance. The most popular cut is the oval cut, which allows for maximum light entry and display of the color change. The gemstone is also often set in yellow gold, which complements its warm red and purple hues.
Symbolism and Metaphysical Beliefs
Alexandrite is associated with a range of symbolic meanings and metaphysical beliefs. It is believed to bring good fortune, creativity, and harmony to the lives of those born in June. The green color of alexandrite in daylight represents growth, balance, and vitality, while the red hues under incandescent light symbolize love, passion, and energy. These meanings make alexandrite a popular choice for engagement rings and other romantic jewelry.
In addition to its symbolic meanings, alexandrite is also believed to have metaphysical properties that can benefit the wearer. It is said to promote adaptability, resilience, and the ability to navigate change. These properties make it an ideal gemstone for couples who are embarking on a new journey together. Alexandrite is also believed to enhance intuition and provide a sense of balance and harmony in the wearer’s life.
Care and Cleaning
Due to its durability and hardness, alexandrite is a relatively easy gemstone to care for. However, it is important to take certain precautions to ensure that the gemstone retains its brilliance and beauty. Alexandrite should be cleaned with mild soap and warm water, using a soft brush to remove any dirt or debris. Ultrasonic cleaners should be avoided, as they can damage the stone.
Alexandrite rings should be stored separately in a soft pouch or lined box to prevent scratches from harder gemstones like diamonds. It is also recommended to take the jewelry for professional cleaning and prong inspections at least once a year. This ensures that the setting is secure and that the gemstone remains in good condition.
When wearing an alexandrite engagement ring, it is important to be mindful of activities that could potentially damage the gemstone. While alexandrite is durable, it can still be scratched or chipped if exposed to hard surfaces or extreme forces. It is advisable to remove the ring during activities such as gardening, sports, or heavy lifting to prevent any damage.
Artificial and Lab-Grown Alexandrite
For those on a budget, lab-grown alexandrite is an excellent alternative to natural alexandrite. Lab-grown alexandrite has the same chemical composition, hardness, and optical properties as natural alexandrite, but it is created in a controlled laboratory environment. This process allows for the production of high-quality alexandrite at a lower cost than natural specimens.
Lab-grown alexandrite is often priced under $1,000, making it a more affordable option for those who want to enjoy the beauty and symbolism of alexandrite without the high price tag. It is also an ethical and sustainable choice, as it does not require mining and has a smaller environmental impact than natural gemstones.
When choosing between natural and lab-grown alexandrite, it is important to consider the quality, price, and personal preferences. Both types of alexandrite can make beautiful and meaningful engagement rings, and the decision ultimately depends on what the couple values most.
Conclusion
Alexandrite is a rare and enchanting gemstone that has captivated gemstone enthusiasts and jewelry buyers for centuries. Its unique color change, durability, and symbolic meanings make it an ideal choice for engagement rings and other romantic jewelry. Whether natural or lab-grown, alexandrite offers a timeless and meaningful option for those seeking a unique and valuable gemstone.
As the June birthstone, alexandrite represents growth, balance, and vitality, as well as love, passion, and energy. Its history, geological properties, and metaphysical beliefs all contribute to its enduring appeal. By understanding the characteristics and significance of alexandrite, couples can make an informed and meaningful choice when selecting an engagement ring.