August, the vibrant eighth month of the year, is uniquely adorned with three official birthstones: Peridot, Spinel, and Sardonyx. These gemstones, each distinguished by their vivid colors, rich histories, and symbolic meanings, offer a wide array of choices for those born under this month. This article delves into the origins, gemological properties, cultural significance, and practical care of each of these August birthstones, drawing exclusively from well-documented sources in gemology and historical records.
August, named after Augustus, the first Roman Emperor, is a month steeped in natural transformation and human tradition. As the summer wanes and autumn approaches, the gemstones of August—Peridot, Spinel, and Sardonyx—carry with them the warmth of the season and the enduring allure of ancient lore. These stones have been cherished for millennia, not only for their beauty but also for their symbolic and spiritual associations.
For those born in August, choosing a birthstone is not merely a matter of aesthetics but a deeply personal and meaningful choice. Each stone offers a unique expression of vitality, protection, and elegance, making them ideal companions in both jewelry and daily life.
This article explores the following aspects of August’s gemstone trio:
- Their historical and cultural significance
- Their geological formation and source locations
- Their gemological properties and identification
- Their symbolic and metaphysical beliefs
- Practical advice on care and preservation
History and Lore of August Birthstones
The tradition of birthstones is believed to have originated in ancient times, with early references found in the biblical Book of Exodus, which describes the Breastplate of Aaron, a ceremonial garment adorned with twelve gemstones representing the twelve tribes of Israel. While the exact identities of these stones remain debated, they laid the foundation for the modern concept of birthstones.
By the 16th and 17th centuries, the idea of assigning specific gemstones to months had become widespread in Europe. These associations were often based on medieval and Renaissance beliefs, which linked each stone to particular virtues, elements, or planetary influences.
For August, the gemstones that have emerged as official birthstones are Peridot, Spinel, and Sardonyx. Each of these stones has a unique historical lineage, rooted in both ancient civilizations and more modern gemological practices.
Peridot: The “Sun Gem” of Antiquity
Peridot is one of the oldest known gemstones and has been revered for thousands of years. The ancient Egyptians referred to it as the “Evening Emerald” and believed it to be a protective stone that could ward off nightmares and bring happiness. The island of Zabargad in the Red Sea, long known as St. John’s Island, was a primary source of peridot during the Pharaonic era.
Peridot was also found in the Shrine of the Three Holy Kings in Cologne Cathedral, where it was mistakenly identified as emerald for centuries. Some historians speculate that Cleopatra’s famous emerald collection might have actually been composed of peridot, highlighting its historical value and misidentification.
The name “peridot” derives from the Arabic word "faridat", meaning gem, and it has been valued across many ancient and medieval cultures. In some traditions, it was believed to bring light and abundance, making it a symbol of renewal and positivity.
Spinel: The Misunderstood Gem
Spinel is a gemstone that has often been mistaken for ruby, especially in historical contexts. The red and pink varieties of spinel were frequently labeled as rubies due to their similar color and brilliance. However, spinel is a distinct mineral with its own chemical composition and properties.
Spinel has been discovered in various parts of the world, including Afghanistan, Sri Lanka, and Myanmar, and its beauty has been recognized by royal courts and collectors. In 2016, spinel was officially added to the list of August birthstones, expanding the choices available for those born in this month.
Spinel’s vibrant colors and durability make it a popular choice in modern jewelry. Its rich red and pink hues symbolize passion, courage, and vitality, aligning well with the energetic spirit of summer.
Sardonyx: The Ancient Stone of Strength
Sardonyx is a banded chalcedony with alternating bands of red and white, and it has been used in jewelry and amulets for over 4,000 years. It is one of the oldest recorded August birthstones, with a history that dates back to ancient Egypt and Rome.
Sardonyx was believed to protect the wearer from harm and to enhance strength and willpower. In ancient times, it was often carved into cameos and intaglios, and it was used to craft amulets and signet rings. The stone’s striking contrast and durability made it a favorite among jewelers and artisans.
Sardonyx is also associated with honor and truth, and it was thought to help the wearer maintain composure and clarity in difficult situations. These properties made it a symbol of protection and courage, especially in military and leadership contexts.
Geological Formation and Sources of August Birthstones
Each of the August birthstones forms under distinct geological conditions and is found in various parts of the world. Understanding their formation and sources helps to appreciate the natural processes that create these stunning gemstones.
Peridot: A Gem from Earth and Space
Peridot is a naturally occurring mineral known as olivine, and it is unique among gemstones because it is found both on Earth and in meteorites. On Earth, peridot is formed in magma, where it crystallizes under high pressure and temperature. It is often found in basaltic rocks, particularly in igneous and metamorphic formations.
The most important sources of peridot include:
- Zabargad Island (St. John’s Island), Red Sea – A historical and still-relevant source of fine peridot.
- Arizona, USA – One of the largest and most accessible sources of peridot in the world.
- Sri Lanka, Myanmar, and Brazil – Additional countries where peridot is mined.
Peridot is also found in meteorites, which adds to its extra-terrestrial allure. Some peridot crystals are believed to have originated from asteroids, making them among the oldest gemstones in existence.
Spinel: A Durable and Colorful Silicate
Spinel is a silicate mineral that forms in mafic igneous rocks, particularly in basalt and gabbro. It is composed of magnesium aluminum silicate and is known for its wide range of colors, from deep red and pink to blue, purple, and even black.
The most significant sources of spinel include:
- Afghanistan – Known for its red and pink spinel, some of which have been mistaken for ruby.
- Sri Lanka – A major source of blue and pink spinel, known for its vivid color and clarity.
- Myanmar (Burma) – A historical source of fine red spinel, often found in alluvial deposits.
- Brazil and Tanzania – Additional countries where spinel is found in igneous and metamorphic rocks.
Spinel is relatively hard and durable, with a Mohs hardness of 8, making it suitable for daily wear in jewelry. Its brilliant luster and refractive properties make it a beautiful and versatile gemstone.
Sardonyx: A Banded Chalcedony
Sardonyx is a type of chalcedony, which is a microcrystalline quartz that forms in sedimentary and metamorphic rocks. It is characterized by distinct red and white banded layers, which are the result of alternating layers of iron-rich chalcedony (sard) and white chalcedony (onyx).
The most important sources of sardonyx include:
- India – A major historical source of sardonyx, particularly in the state of Rajasthan.
- Brazil – Known for producing high-quality sardonyx with clear bands.
- Nigeria and Madagascar – Additional countries where sardonyx is found in quarries and alluvial deposits.
Sardonyx is relatively soft compared to other gemstones, with a Mohs hardness of 6.5 to 7, but it is resistant to cracking and breaking, making it suitable for carving and engraving.
Gemological Properties of August Birthstones
Each of the August birthstones has distinct physical and optical properties that define its beauty and durability. These properties are essential for identification, grading, and care.
Peridot: The Luminous Green Gem
Chemical Composition: (Mg,Fe)₂SiO₄
Hardness: 6.5 to 7 on the Mohs scale
Color: Yellow-green to green-yellow
Refractive Index: 1.650 to 1.690
Specific Gravity: 3.32 to 3.42
Crystal System: Isometric (cubic)
Transparency: Transparent to translucent
Luster: Vitreous (glassy)
Peridot is known for its brilliant green color, which is caused by the presence of iron in its chemical composition. The intensity of the green can vary, with the most valuable stones having a deep, saturated color. Peridot is also relatively soft, which means it can be susceptible to scratches and damage if not handled properly.
Spinel: A Durable and Versatile Gem
Chemical Composition: MgAl₂O₄
Hardness: 8 on the Mohs scale
Color: Red, pink, blue, purple, black
Refractive Index: 1.718
Specific Gravity: 3.6 to 4.0
Crystal System: Isometric (cubic)
Transparency: Transparent to translucent
Luster: Vitreous (glassy)
Spinel is harder and more durable than peridot, making it an excellent choice for everyday jewelry. Its high refractive index gives it a sparkling, glassy luster, and its wide range of colors makes it a versatile gemstone. The most valuable spinel stones are deep red and vivid pink, which are highly sought after in the fine jewelry market.
Sardonyx: The Banded Stone
Chemical Composition: SiO₂ (quartz)
Hardness: 6.5 to 7 on the Mohs scale
Color: Red and white bands
Refractive Index: 1.53 to 1.54
Specific Gravity: 2.60 to 2.61
Crystal System: Trigonal
Transparency: Translucent to opaque
Luster: Waxy to greasy
Sardonyx is a banded chalcedony that is relatively soft, but it is resistant to cracking and breaking. Its distinct red and white bands make it easily identifiable, and it is often used for carving, engraving, and cameo work. While it is not as hard as spinel or peridot, it is still durable enough for regular use in jewelry and decorative objects.
Symbolism and Metaphysical Beliefs
Each of the August birthstones carries deep symbolic and metaphysical significance, which has been passed down through ancient traditions and modern interpretations. These beliefs vary across cultures and time periods, but they all share a common theme of protection, strength, and vitality.
Peridot: The Stone of Light and Abundance
Peridot is often referred to as the “Sun Gem” due to its bright green color and luminous appearance. It is believed to bring light into one’s life, helping to dispel negativity and promote positivity. In ancient Egypt, it was thought to ward off nightmares and bring happiness and strength.
Peridot is also associated with abundance and prosperity, making it a popular stone for business and financial success. In modern metaphysical traditions, it is used to promote healing, calm the mind, and enhance creativity.
Spinel: The Stone of Passion and Courage
Spinel is a stone of passion and vitality, symbolizing love, courage, and energy. In ancient times, it was believed to protect the wearer from harm and enhance their strength and willpower. Red spinel, in particular, is associated with passion, desire, and emotional intensity.
Spinel is also thought to stimulate the heart chakra, promoting emotional healing and compassion. It is often used in jewelry to boost confidence and self-expression, making it a favored stone for those who want to feel more empowered and vibrant.
Sardonyx: The Stone of Strength and Protection
Sardonyx is one of the oldest and most protective gemstones, and it has long been associated with courage, honor, and truth. In ancient Rome, it was used to protect soldiers and leaders, and it was believed to help them maintain composure and clarity in times of stress and conflict.
Sardonyx is also thought to help with self-discipline and goal-setting, making it a valuable stone for those who want to stay focused and motivated. In modern metaphysical traditions, it is used to enhance communication, promote honesty, and protect against negative influences.
Care and Cleaning of August Birthstones
Proper care and maintenance are essential to preserve the beauty and durability of August birthstones. Each stone has specific needs based on its hardness, porosity, and sensitivity to light and heat.
Peridot
Peridot is relatively soft, with a hardness of 6.5 to 7, so it can be susceptible to scratches and chips. To clean peridot, use a mild soap and warm water, and gently brush it with a soft cloth or a soft-bristled toothbrush. Avoid exposing peridot to harsh chemicals or ultrasonic cleaners, as this can damage the stone.
Store peridot separately from harder gemstones, such as diamonds or rubies, to prevent scratches. It is also best to remove peridot jewelry when engaging in activities that may cause impact or friction, such as sports or manual labor.
Spinel
Spinel is much harder and more durable, with a hardness of 8, making it suitable for daily wear. It can be cleaned with warm soapy water and a soft cloth or brush. Spinel is resistant to most chemicals and heat, so it can be cleaned with mild ultrasonic cleaners as well.
Store spinel away from abrasive materials, and clean it regularly to maintain its brilliance and clarity. Because of its high refractive index, spinel should be handled with care to avoid chipping, especially in prong settings or other delicate designs.
Sardonyx
Sardonyx is a banded chalcedony, which is relatively soft, with a hardness of 6.5 to 7. It is not porous, but it can be damaged by harsh chemicals or excessive heat. To clean sardonyx, use warm soapy water and a soft cloth or brush. Avoid using ultrasonic cleaners, as they can damage the stone or its setting.
Because of its banded appearance, sardonyx is often carved or engraved, so it is important to clean and store it carefully to preserve its intricate details. Store sardonyx in a soft cloth or padded jewelry box to prevent scratches and abrasions.
Conclusion
August’s birthstone trio—Peridot, Spinel, and Sardonyx—offers a rich and diverse selection of gemstones, each with its own unique beauty, history, and symbolism. These stones have been cherished for thousands of years, and they continue to be valued for their aesthetic appeal and spiritual significance.
Whether you are drawn to the brilliant green glow of peridot, the passionate reds and pinks of spinel, or the timeless charm of sardonyx, these gemstones offer a perfect way to celebrate August birthdays. Their historical roots, gemological properties, and metaphysical meanings make them not only beautiful adornments but also meaningful companions in daily life.
By understanding the origins, properties, and care requirements of each of these gemstones, you can make an informed and personal choice that reflects your style, personality, and values. Whether you choose to wear peridot for its protective energy, spinel for its vibrant passion, or sardonyx for its strength and honor, each stone offers a unique connection to the month of August and its rich legacy.