August is one of the few months in the calendar year associated with multiple birthstones, offering a unique blend of options for those born under its sun-drenched skies. These gemstones—peridot, sardonyx, and spinel—are each celebrated for their distinct beauty, rich histories, and symbolic meanings. While peridot has long been the most widely recognized of the three, sardonyx and spinel have also earned their place in the August birthstone pantheon, enriching the month’s gemstone legacy.
This article explores each of these stones in depth, covering their geological origins, historical uses, gemological properties, and the metaphysical beliefs that have surrounded them over centuries. For gemstone enthusiasts, jewelry buyers, and those simply curious about the lore of birthstones, this guide offers a comprehensive look at the August birthstones.
History and Lore
Sardonyx: The Ancient August Birthstone
Sardonyx is the oldest known gemstone associated with August, with a history stretching back over 4,000 years. Mentioned in the Bible, it was one of the foundation stones of Jerusalem and appeared on the high priest’s breastplate. The stone is composed of alternating layers of sard (a reddish-brown chalcedony) and onyx (a white banded chalcedony), giving it its distinctive striped appearance.
Ancient civilizations, including the Egyptians and Romans, prized sardonyx for its protective qualities. Roman soldiers often wore sardonyx engraved with images of deities or heroes to boost courage and morale. It was also believed to bring stability, happiness, and success in love and marriage. Sardonyx was used in amulets and talismans, symbolizing strength and perseverance.
Peridot: The Sun’s Gem
Peridot, known in ancient Egypt as the "gem of the sun," was believed to be born from the light of the sun and moon. It was often used in jewelry and religious artifacts, and some historians speculate that Cleopatra’s famous emerald collection may have actually consisted of peridot.
The gem’s vibrant green hues—ranging from yellow-green to deep olive—have made it a popular choice for millennia. It was once thought to ward off nightmares and evil spirits, and was commonly worn by travelers and sailors for protection. The name "peridot" is derived from the Arabic word faridat, meaning "gem."
Peridot’s association with the sun and its warm, glowing appearance have contributed to its enduring appeal. It was also revered by medieval Europeans, who believed it could bring prosperity, good fortune, and peace to its wearer.
Spinel: The Rediscovered Gem
Spinel, a gemstone long mistaken for ruby and other red gems, has only recently been recognized as a distinct species and officially added to the August birthstone list in 2016 by the American Gem Trade Association. The name spinel comes from the Latin word spina, meaning "thorn," referring to the pointed shape of its natural crystals.
Spinel occurs in a wide range of colors, including red, pink, purple, blue, orange, and black. Its high refractive index and brilliance have made it a favorite among collectors and jewelers. In ancient times, spinel was often used as a substitute for ruby in royal regalia and jewelry. Some of the most famous "rubies" in history are, in fact, spinel.
Spinel’s inclusion as an August birthstone highlights the growing appreciation for this versatile gem, which combines beauty with durability and rarity.
Geological Formation and Sources
Peridot: Born from the Earth and the Stars
Peridot is a variety of the mineral olivine, formed under intense heat and pressure deep within the Earth’s mantle. It is carried to the surface through volcanic activity, embedded in lava flows. Interestingly, peridot can also be found in meteorites, making it one of the few gemstones that may have originated from outer space.
Major sources of peridot include Arizona, Pakistan, and China, with some of the finest examples coming from volcanic regions. Peridot does not require any enhancement—its natural color and clarity are preserved in their raw beauty.
Sardonyx: A Banded Chalcedony
Sardonyx is a type of chalcedony, a microcrystalline quartz that forms in sedimentary rock over long periods. Its banded appearance results from alternating layers of sard and onyx, each formed from different mineral deposits.
Common sources of sardonyx include India, Brazil, Germany, Uruguay, and the United States. It is relatively abundant and accessible, which contributes to its affordability and popularity in jewelry.
Spinel: A Diverse and Durable Gem
Spinel is a cubic mineral, forming in igneous and metamorphic rocks under high heat and pressure. Its hardness (7.5–8 on the Mohs scale) and brilliant refractive index (1.718–1.83) make it a durable and eye-catching gemstone.
Notable sources of spinel include Myanmar (Burma), Sri Lanka, Vietnam, and Tanzania. The gem’s range of colors and clarity makes it a favorite among collectors and designers.
Gemological Properties
Understanding the gemological properties of these stones is essential for gemologists, jewelers, and collectors. Below is a comparison of the key characteristics of peridot, sardonyx, and spinel:
| Property | Peridot | Sardonyx | Spinel |
|---|---|---|---|
| Chemical Formula | (Mg, Fe)₂SiO₄ | SiO₂ | MgAl₂O₄ |
| Color | Yellow-green to deep olive | Banded red, brown, white, and orange | Red, pink, purple, blue, orange, black |
| Hardness (Mohs) | 6.5–7 | 6.5–7 | 7.5–8 |
| Refractive Index | 1.65–1.70 | 1.53–1.54 | 1.718–1.83 |
| Crystal System | Orthorhombic | Trigonal | Cubic |
| Common Sources | Arizona, Pakistan, China | India, Brazil, Germany | Myanmar, Sri Lanka, Vietnam |
| Transparency | Transparent to translucent | Translucent to opaque | Transparent to translucent |
| Luster | Vitreous | Waxy to vitreous | Vitreous |
| Cleavage | None | None | None |
This table provides a clear snapshot of the differences and similarities between the three August birthstones. Peridot’s lower hardness and refractive index distinguish it from the more durable and brilliant spinel. Sardonyx, while softer and less transparent, offers a unique banded appearance and historical significance.
Symbolism and Metaphysical Beliefs
The August birthstones have long been associated with a range of symbolic meanings and metaphysical properties, many of which have roots in ancient traditions.
Peridot: The Stone of Positive Energy
Peridot is often linked to renewal, growth, and positive energy. It is believed to promote emotional healing, self-confidence, and inner strength. In ancient times, it was used to ward off nightmares and evil spirits, and it was thought to bring good fortune to its wearer.
Modern crystal healing practitioners regard peridot as a heart chakra stone, supporting emotional balance, love, and compassion. It is also associated with detoxification, mental clarity, and spiritual awakening.
Sardonyx: A Stone of Courage and Stability
Sardonyx is traditionally seen as a protective and grounding stone. It was worn by Roman soldiers to boost courage and moral strength. It is also believed to bring lasting happiness, success in love, and stability in life.
In metaphysical traditions, sardonyx is associated with the root chakra, helping to anchor the spirit and build confidence. It is also used as a talisman for success, perseverance, and overcoming obstacles.
Spinel: A Stone of Passion and Clarity
Spinel is known for its passionate energy, making it a popular choice for those seeking clarity, courage, and emotional strength. It is associated with the heart and solar plexus chakras, helping to balance emotions, enhance self-worth, and promote inner peace.
Red and pink spinel are often used in love and relationship magic, symbolizing passion, affection, and commitment. Spinel is also believed to protect the wearer from negative influences and encourage a sense of purpose.
Care and Cleaning
Each of these gemstones requires careful handling to preserve their beauty and integrity.
Peridot
Peridot has a hardness of 6.5–7, making it relatively soft compared to other gemstones. It is susceptible to scratches and should be stored separately from harder gems. It should also be avoided when exposed to harsh chemicals or extreme heat.
To clean peridot, use warm soapy water and a soft cloth or soft-bristled brush. Ultrasonic and steam cleaners are not recommended, as they may cause damage.
Sardonyx
Sardonyx is less sensitive than peridot, but it is still best to avoid harsh chemicals and abrasive materials. It can be cleaned with a soft cloth and mild soap, and it is safe to use a soft-bristled brush to remove dirt.
Due to its waxy luster, sardonyx may benefit from occasional polishing with a soft, dry cloth to restore its shine.
Spinel
Spinel is harder and more durable, with a Mohs hardness of 7.5–8, making it suitable for everyday wear. It is resistant to scratches and abrasion, and it can be cleaned with warm soapy water and a soft cloth.
Spinel is safe for ultrasonic cleaning, though steam cleaning should be avoided as it may cause internal stress in the stone.
Modern Jewelry and Wearable Art
August birthstone jewelry offers a unique blend of beauty, meaning, and versatility. Whether worn as rings, necklaces, bracelets, or earrings, these gemstones make powerful and stylish accessories.
Peridot Jewelry
Peridot’s vibrant green color makes it a standout in rings, pendants, and earrings. It pairs well with gold, silver, and rose gold, enhancing its warm, sunlit hue. Peridot jewelry is often handcrafted, with an emphasis on natural beauty and organic shapes.
Sardonyx Jewelry
Sardonyx’s bold striped appearance lends itself well to rings, pendants, and bracelets, particularly those with minimalist or bohemian designs. It is a versatile and affordable choice, ideal for everyday wear and layered jewelry.
Spinel Jewelry
Spinel’s brilliance and color range make it a favorite for fine jewelry, especially in rings, necklaces, and dazzling earrings. It is often set in precious metals such as platinum, white gold, and yellow gold, and it is popular in custom designs and vintage-inspired pieces.
Conclusion
The August birthstones—peridot, sardonyx, and spinel—each offer a unique combination of beauty, history, and metaphysical significance. Whether you are drawn to the sunlit glow of peridot, the striking banded patterns of sardonyx, or the brilliant colors of spinel, these gemstones are a testament to the enduring appeal of natural stones.
As both jewelry and symbols, these stones continue to inspire and empower those who wear them, connecting us to ancient traditions, natural processes, and personal meaning. For August-born individuals, or those seeking a meaningful gemstone, the August birthstones are a rich and rewarding choice.