August is one of the few months in the birthstone calendar that boasts not one, but three distinct and meaningful gemstones: peridot, sardonyx, and spinel. Each of these stones offers a unique combination of color, history, and symbolism, making August a particularly rich and diverse month for those who celebrate their birthstone. Whether you're drawn to the vibrant green of peridot, the bold striped patterns of sardonyx, or the dazzling versatility of spinel, each of these August birthstones carries its own story and significance.
This article explores the origins, gemological properties, cultural symbolism, and practical considerations for caring for these three birthstones, drawing on a wealth of information from historical and gemological sources.
History and Lore
The tradition of birthstones has deep roots in ancient cultures, and the August birthstones are no exception. Sardonyx, in particular, is considered the original August birthstone, with a history stretching back over 4,000 years. This banded chalcedony has been prized for its durability and symbolic power in various civilizations, including ancient Egypt, Greece, and Rome. Sardonyx was often used in seals and amulets, and it was believed to offer protection, strength, and courage to its wearer.
Peridot, on the other hand, has a more recent designation as an official birthstone, having been formally recognized by the American Gem Trade Association (AGTA) and the Jewelers of America (JA) in 1912. However, its history in human culture extends back thousands of years. Peridot has often been mistaken for emerald due to its rich green color, and it has been found in ancient artifacts such as the Shrine of the Three Holy Kings in Germany’s Cologne Cathedral. Some historians even speculate that Cleopatra’s famous emerald collection may have been made of peridot.
Spinel was added more recently to the list of August birthstones in 2016. This decision was made to expand the options available to consumers, particularly as red spinel has long been mistaken for ruby. Spinel is a versatile gemstone with a long history in royal and noble jewelry collections, and its inclusion in the August birthstone list reflects its growing recognition in the gem trade.
Each of these gemstones has its own lore and symbolism, and together they form a rich tapestry of meaning for those born in August.
Geological Formation and Sources
Understanding the geological origins of a gemstone adds to its appreciation and significance. The August birthstones each have unique formation processes and notable sources.
Peridot is a variety of the mineral olivine and is formed under extreme conditions. It is found in the Earth’s mantle and is brought to the surface by volcanic activity. Peridot can also be found in meteorites, making it one of the few gemstones that have come from outer space. The primary sources of peridot include Egypt, the United States, and Brazil. The bright green color of peridot is due to the presence of iron in its chemical composition.
Sardonyx is a type of chalcedony that forms in sedimentary rock and is composed of alternating layers of sard and onyx. These layers give sardonyx its distinctive striped appearance, which is both aesthetically pleasing and symbolically meaningful. Sardonyx is typically found in countries such as India, Brazil, and the United States. Its durability and hardness make it ideal for carving and engraving, which is why it has been used for seals and amulets throughout history.
Spinel is a mineral that forms in both igneous and metamorphic rocks. It is found in a wide range of colors, including red, pink, orange, blue, and black. The most valuable and sought-after spinels are the deep red and vivid pink varieties. Spinel is found in countries such as Myanmar, Tanzania, and Vietnam. Its similarity to ruby has led to many historical misidentifications, but modern gemology has helped to distinguish spinel from ruby and other similar stones.
Each of these gemstones has a unique geological story, and their formation processes contribute to their individual characteristics and appeal.
Gemological Properties
The gemological properties of a stone are essential in determining its value, durability, and suitability for jewelry. Below is a detailed breakdown of the gemological properties of the August birthstones:
| Gemstone | Color | Hardness (Mohs Scale) | Chemical Composition | Clarity | Refractive Index |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Peridot | Green (yellow-green to deep olive) | 6.5–7 | (Mg, Fe)₂SiO₄ | Often with inclusions | 1.65–1.70 |
| Sardonyx | Red, brown, and white bands | 6.5–7 | SiO₂ (silicon dioxide) | Typically opaque | 1.48–1.53 |
| Spinel | Red, pink, orange, blue, black | 8 | MgAl₂O₄ | Usually clear or slightly included | 1.718–1.722 |
Peridot
Peridot has a hardness of 6.5–7 on the Mohs scale, which means it is relatively durable but not as hard as some other gemstones like diamond or sapphire. Its chemical composition is (Mg, Fe)₂SiO₄, and its color is due to the presence of iron. Peridot is often found with inclusions, which are small internal characteristics that can affect its clarity. The refractive index of peridot ranges from 1.65 to 1.70, giving it a moderate brilliance.
Sardonyx
Sardonyx is a type of chalcedony, which is a form of quartz. It has a hardness of 6.5–7 on the Mohs scale, making it suitable for everyday wear. Its chemical composition is SiO₂ (silicon dioxide), and it is typically opaque. Sardonyx is known for its banded appearance, which is a result of alternating layers of sard and onyx. Its refractive index ranges from 1.48 to 1.53, which is relatively low compared to other gemstones.
Spinel
Spinel is a relatively hard gemstone with a hardness of 8 on the Mohs scale. Its chemical composition is MgAl₂O₄, and it is available in a wide range of colors. Spinel is usually clear or slightly included, and its refractive index ranges from 1.718 to 1.722, giving it a high brilliance. The deep red and vivid pink varieties of spinel are particularly valuable and are often used as alternatives to ruby.
These gemological properties play a crucial role in the selection and care of August birthstones, and they also influence their value and desirability in the market.
Symbolism and Metaphysical Beliefs
The symbolism and metaphysical properties of gemstones have been an important part of their cultural significance for centuries. The August birthstones are no exception, and each carries its own set of meanings and energies.
Peridot
Peridot is often referred to as the "sun gem" due to its bright green color and its association with warmth and light. It has been believed to offer protection, particularly against nightmares and negative thoughts. In ancient times, peridot was thought to bring happiness and strength to its wearer. It is also associated with the heart chakra and is believed to support healing, joy, and the opening of the heart to love and compassion.
Sardonyx
Sardonyx is a stone of protection, strength, and courage. It has been used for centuries in amulets and seals to provide its wearer with a sense of stability and confidence. It is believed to support the wearer in facing challenges and overcoming obstacles. Sardonyx is also associated with stable relationships and is often used as a symbol of loyalty and fidelity.
Spinel
Spinel is a gemstone of renewal, inspiration, and vitality. It is believed to help restore energy and encourage hope and encouragement during difficult times. Spinel is also associated with royalty and nobility, and it has been used in royal jewelry collections for centuries. It is considered a stone of grounding and is believed to provide a sense of balance and harmony.
The metaphysical properties of these gemstones add to their appeal and make them meaningful choices for those born in August.
Care and Cleaning
Proper care and cleaning are essential for maintaining the beauty and longevity of gemstone jewelry. Each of the August birthstones has its own specific care requirements based on its hardness, durability, and sensitivity to certain conditions.
Peridot
Peridot has a hardness of 6.5–7 on the Mohs scale, which means it is relatively durable but can still be scratched by harder materials. It is also sensitive to heat and sudden temperature changes, so it should not be exposed to high heat or direct sunlight for extended periods. To clean peridot, use a soft cloth and mild soap with warm water. Avoid using ultrasonic cleaners, as they can damage the stone.
Sardonyx
Sardonyx has a hardness of 6.5–7 on the Mohs scale, making it suitable for everyday wear. It is a durable stone that is not easily scratched. However, it is opaque and does not require special cleaning methods. To clean sardonyx, use a soft cloth and mild soap with warm water. Avoid using harsh chemicals or abrasive materials, as they can damage the surface of the stone.
Spinel
Spinel has a hardness of 8 on the Mohs scale, making it one of the hardest gemstones among the August birthstones. It is durable and can withstand normal wear and tear. Spinel is also resistant to heat and is not easily damaged by everyday conditions. To clean spinel, use a soft cloth and mild soap with warm water. Ultrasonic and steam cleaners can also be used, as spinel is generally safe with these methods.
By following these care and cleaning guidelines, you can ensure that your August birthstone jewelry remains beautiful and in excellent condition for years to come.
Conclusion
The August birthstones—peridot, sardonyx, and spinel—offer a unique and diverse selection of gemstones that reflect the warmth, vitality, and strength of the summer month. Each of these stones has its own rich history, gemological properties, and symbolic meanings, making them meaningful choices for those born in August.
Peridot, with its bright green color and association with the sun, is a symbol of joy and protection. Sardonyx, with its bold striped patterns, is a stone of strength and stability. Spinel, with its wide range of colors and royal history, is a versatile gemstone that offers renewal and inspiration.
Whether you choose peridot, sardonyx, or spinel, each of these August birthstones carries its own story and significance. By understanding their history, properties, and symbolism, you can appreciate the beauty and meaning of your August gemstone and enjoy its presence in your life.