June is a month rich in gemstone tradition, featuring two notable birthstones: Alexandrite and Moonstone. While both stones are celebrated for their beauty and symbolism, their market values and cultural significance differ significantly. This article explores the geological, historical, and gemological aspects of these two June birthstones, with a particular focus on their worth in the modern gemstone market.
Introduction
The June birthstones—Alexandrite and Moonstone—offer a unique duality in gemstone appreciation. Alexandrite, with its rare color-changing properties, commands a high price and is considered one of the most valuable gemstones in the world. In contrast, Moonstone, known for its ethereal glow, is more affordable and accessible but still holds cultural and aesthetic significance.
This article will delve into the history, geological properties, market value, and symbolic meanings of both Alexandrite and Moonstone. By the end, readers will have a comprehensive understanding of what makes these gemstones special and how they are valued in the jewelry and gemstone industries today.
History and Lore
Alexandrite
Alexandrite is the rarer and more valuable of the two June birthstones. Discovered in the Ural Mountains of Russia in the 1830s, it was named in honor of Tsar Alexander II. The gemstone gained immediate popularity due to its unusual color change under different light sources. In daylight, it appears green, while under incandescent light, it shifts to a deep red or pink hue—this phenomenon is known as the “Alexandrite effect.”
For several decades, alexandrite remained a Russian secret. It wasn’t until about thirty years after its initial discovery that new deposits were found in India, Burma, and Brazil. Despite the new sources, the gemstone remained extremely rare and highly sought after. The rarity of alexandrite is one of the main reasons it is among the most expensive gemstones in the world.
Historically, alexandrite has not been as deeply embedded in ancient lore as other gemstones. However, since its discovery, it has been associated with inspiration, creativity, and imagination. These symbolic attributes, along with its rarity and visual appeal, have contributed to its status as a prized gemstone.
Moonstone
Moonstone, the alternative June birthstone, has a longer and more varied history. Known for its mystical, glowing appearance—called adularescence—moonstone has been cherished in many cultures for centuries. The stone is particularly associated with the moon and is believed to bring calmness, intuition, and emotional balance.
One of the most famous historical references to moonstone is the Moonstone Engagement Ring of Queen Victoria. In the 19th century, moonstone was considered a symbol of love and was often used in Victorian-era jewelry. The stone's soft, pearly light was thought to mimic the glow of the moon, adding to its allure.
Moonstone is also referenced in ancient Indian and Roman cultures, where it was believed to have protective and spiritual properties. In modern times, moonstone is often used in fashion jewelry due to its affordability and ethereal beauty.
Geological Formation and Sources
Alexandrite
Alexandrite is a variety of the mineral chrysoberyl, which is a beryllium-aluminum oxide (BeAl₂O₄). What distinguishes alexandrite from other chrysoberyl varieties is the presence of chromium or vanadium impurities, which are responsible for the color change effect. These elements absorb certain wavelengths of light and reflect others, depending on the light source.
The most valuable alexandrite is found in Russia, where it was first discovered. However, due to the rarity of Russian alexandrite, the majority of today’s supply comes from India, Brazil, and Sri Lanka. The Brazilian deposits are particularly notable for producing large, high-quality stones.
Alexandrite is generally translucent to transparent, with a Mohs hardness of 8.5, making it relatively durable for a gemstone. However, it is not as hard as diamonds, rubies, or sapphires. The gemstone is also sensitive to heat and light, which can affect its color over time.
Moonstone
Moonstone is a type of feldspar, specifically a potassium aluminum silicate. The most prized moonstone is the Sri Lankan moonstone, which displays a strong blue sheen and is known for its clarity and brilliance. Other notable sources include India, Norway, and the United States.
The adularescence effect in moonstone is caused by the layered structure of the feldspar mineral. Light is scattered as it passes through these layers, creating a soft, glowing effect. This is what gives moonstone its characteristic ethereal appearance.
Moonstone has a Mohs hardness of 6 to 6.5, making it relatively soft compared to other gemstones. This means that moonstone requires careful handling and is not ideal for everyday wear in rings or bracelets, as it can be easily scratched or damaged.
Gemological Properties
Alexandrite
| Property | Value |
|---|---|
| Chemical Formula | BeAl₂O₄ |
| Crystal System | Orthorhombic |
| Color | Green in daylight, red/pink under incandescent light |
| Hardness (Mohs) | 8.5 |
| Refractive Index | 1.74–1.76 |
| Specific Gravity | 3.71–3.76 |
| Luster | Vitreous |
| Transparency | Translucent to Transparent |
| Inclusions | Often contains inclusions, which can affect clarity and price |
| Treatment | Heat treatment is sometimes used to enhance color |
Alexandrite’s color change is one of its most valuable and unique properties. This effect is due to the absorption and reflection of different wavelengths of light by chromium or vanadium impurities. The most valuable alexandrite is typically untreated, as treatments can reduce its rarity and market value.
High-quality alexandrite is rare and expensive, with prices ranging from $12,000 to over $35,000 per carat, depending on the color change intensity, clarity, and origin.
Moonstone
| Property | Value |
|---|---|
| Chemical Formula | KAlSi₃O₈ |
| Crystal System | Triclinic |
| Color | White, gray, blue, yellow |
| Hardness (Mohs) | 6–6.5 |
| Refractive Index | 1.52–1.54 |
| Specific Gravity | 2.56–2.62 |
| Luster | Pearly to Vitreous |
| Transparency | Translucent |
| Inclusions | Often contains inclusions, which can affect clarity and price |
| Treatment | Rarely treated; some may be irradiated to enhance color |
Moonstone is prized for its adularescence, a soft, glowing effect that appears to float just beneath the surface. The blue sheen is most valued, and Sri Lankan moonstone is considered the finest in the world. The transparency of the stone and the strength of the adularescence are key factors in determining its value.
High-quality moonstone can be priced up to $500 per carat, but the majority of moonstone in the market is more affordable, often under $100 per carat.
Symbolism and Metaphysical Beliefs
Alexandrite
Alexandrite is often associated with balance, creativity, and self-esteem. It is believed to enhance one’s ability to adapt and remain grounded during times of change. In some cultures, the gemstone is considered a stone of good fortune, particularly for those who are seeking new opportunities or transitions in their lives.
Due to its rarity and visual appeal, alexandrite is also seen as a stone of luxury and exclusivity. It is often given as a gift to mark significant life events such as anniversaries, birthdays, and new beginnings.
Moonstone
Moonstone is deeply connected to the moon and is often associated with emotional balance, intuition, and calmness. It is believed to help soothe emotional turbulence and promote inner peace. In some traditions, moonstone is used to enhance feminine energy and is considered a stone of fertility and protection for women.
In modern metaphysical practices, moonstone is also used to enhance dreams and psychic abilities. It is often worn during meditation or placed under the bed to improve sleep and promote restful dreaming.
Care and Cleaning
Alexandrite
Due to its 8.5 on the Mohs scale, alexandrite is relatively durable but still requires care. It should be cleaned with mild soap and warm water, using a soft brush to avoid scratching the surface. Ultrasonic cleaners are generally safe for alexandrite, but steam cleaners should be avoided.
Alexandrite is sensitive to heat and prolonged exposure to sunlight, which can cause fading or color change. It is best to store the gemstone in a cool, dark place when not in use. Avoid exposing alexandrite to harsh chemicals or abrasive materials, as these can damage the surface or affect its color.
Moonstone
Moonstone has a lower hardness (6–6.5), making it more fragile than alexandrite. It should be cleaned with mild soap and warm water, using a soft cloth or brush. Ultrasonic and steam cleaners should be used with caution, as they can cause damage to the stone’s surface or affect its luster.
Moonstone should be stored separately from harder gemstones to prevent scratches. It is also advisable to avoid exposing moonstone to harsh chemicals or abrasive materials, as these can dull its appearance or cause damage.
Conclusion
The June birthstones—Alexandrite and Moonstone—offer a fascinating contrast in gemstone appreciation. Alexandrite, with its rare color-changing properties and high market value, is a gemstone of exclusivity and luxury. In contrast, Moonstone, with its ethereal glow and affordable price point, is a gemstone of emotional depth and spiritual connection.
Both stones have rich histories, unique gemological properties, and deep symbolic meanings. Whether you are drawn to the rarity and brilliance of alexandrite or the soft, glowing beauty of moonstone, June’s birthstones offer something truly special for gemstone enthusiasts, jewelry lovers, and students of gemology alike.