December, the final month of the calendar year, is marked not only by festive cheer and cold weather but also by the unique charm of its birthstones. Celebrating its dual birthstones—indigo tanzanite and turquoise—December is a month of duality, where the deep, mystical tones of tanzanite complement the vibrant, protective hues of turquoise. These gemstones, with their distinct colors and rich symbolic meanings, have captivated jewelry designers and gemstone enthusiasts for decades. This article explores the origins, properties, symbolism, and modern relevance of December's birthstones, drawing from the latest jewelry trends and cultural narratives.
History and Lore
The tradition of assigning gemstones to specific months dates back centuries, though the modern list of birthstones was formalized in the early 20th century by the American National Association of Jewelers (now Jewelers of America). December's inclusion of two birthstones—tanzanite and turquoise—adds a layer of complexity and richness to its symbolic identity.
Tanzanite
Tanzanite is a relatively modern gemstone by historical standards. Discovered in 1967 in the Merelani Hills of Tanzania by a local Maasai tribesman, it was officially recognized as a new mineral in 1968. The stone was named after Tanzania, its place of origin, and quickly gained popularity due to its striking violet-blue color and pleochroism—the ability to display different colors from different angles. While its historical use is more recent compared to other gemstones, tanzanite has rapidly become a symbol of intuition and spiritual awakening. It is often associated with the crown and third eye chakras in metaphysical traditions, believed to enhance clarity of thought and emotional balance.
Turquoise
In contrast, turquoise has a much longer and more storied history. Used by ancient civilizations such as the Egyptians, Chinese, and Native Americans, turquoise has been a symbol of protection, wisdom, and healing. The ancient Egyptians referred to it as the "stone of the gods," often using it in amulets and jewelry to ward off evil and bring good fortune. Native American tribes, particularly the Navajo and Zuni, have long held turquoise in high regard, incorporating it into jewelry and ceremonial objects. The stone’s vibrant blue-green color is often linked to the sky and water, representing life, vitality, and the connection between earth and heaven.
Geological Formation and Sources
Understanding the geological processes that create gemstones adds a layer of appreciation for their beauty and rarity.
Tanzanite
Tanzanite is a metamorphic gemstone, formed under high heat and pressure. It is a variety of the mineral zoisite, chemically known as calcium aluminum silicate with the formula Ca₂Al₃(SiO₄)(Si₂O₇)O(OH)₂·H₂O. The blue and violet hues of tanzanite are the result of trace amounts of vanadium. The Merelani Hills in Tanzania remain the only known source of tanzanite in the world, which contributes to its rarity and value. The unique geological conditions of this region, where tectonic activity and mineral-rich fluids interact, create the perfect environment for tanzanite to form.
Turquoise
Turquoise is an hydrous phosphate of aluminum and copper, with the chemical formula CuAl₆(PO₄)₄(OH)₈·4H₂O. It forms in the oxidation zones of copper deposits, typically in arid regions where water percolates through the ground and reacts with copper minerals. The most historically significant sources of turquoise are in the American Southwest, particularly in Arizona and New Mexico. Other notable sources include Iran (historically known as Nishapur), China, and Egypt. The color of turquoise can vary from a deep blue to a greenish hue, depending on the amount of iron and copper in the stone. High-quality turquoise is often stabilized with resin or oil to enhance its durability and color.
Gemological Properties
A closer look at the gemological properties of tanzanite and turquoise reveals the reasons behind their appeal and value.
Tanzanite
- Color: Tanzanite is known for its vivid violet-blue color. It exhibits pleochroism, appearing blue, violet, and red from different angles.
- Hardness: On the Mohs scale of hardness, tanzanite ranks 6 to 6.5, which makes it relatively soft for a gemstone. This means it requires careful handling to avoid scratches and chips.
- Clarity: Tanzanite is often included, with visible inclusions being common. These inclusions are not considered flaws but rather part of the stone's character.
- Luster: Tanzanite has a vitreous (glassy) luster, which enhances its brilliance when cut and polished.
- Cut: Tanzanite is typically cut in step cuts (emerald or rectangular) to showcase its pleochroism and maximize its color.
- Carat Weight: Tanzanite is available in a wide range of sizes, from small accent stones to large centerpieces. Its rarity, especially in larger sizes, contributes to its value.
Turquoise
- Color: Turquoise ranges in color from sky blue to green, with the most prized specimens being a deep, even blue with no green tinge.
- Hardness: Turquoise ranks 5 to 6 on the Mohs scale, making it relatively soft and prone to scratches and damage.
- Clarity: Turquoise is typically opaque and often contains visible inclusions, which are considered part of its natural beauty.
- Luster: Turquoise has a waxy to sub-vitreous luster, which can be enhanced with polishing and stabilization treatments.
- Cut: Turquoise is often cut into cabochons, rosettes, or beads to highlight its color and texture.
- Carat Weight: Turquoise is usually found in small to medium sizes, though larger pieces can be found, especially in stabilized or composite materials.
Symbolism and Metaphysical Beliefs
The symbolic and metaphysical significance of December's birthstones has been passed down through generations, offering both emotional and spiritual benefits.
Tanzanite
Tanzanite is often associated with intuition, truth, and spiritual insight. It is believed to help individuals connect with their higher selves and access deeper levels of consciousness. In chakra work, tanzanite is linked to the crown and third eye chakras, which govern spiritual awareness and inner vision. It is also considered a healing stone, particularly for emotional and psychological issues, promoting calmness, clarity, and emotional balance.
Modern interpretations of tanzanite include its use in stress relief and meditation practices. Its calming effect is thought to help reduce anxiety and promote a sense of peace. In jewelry, tanzanite is often chosen for its aesthetic appeal and its symbolic meaning, making it a popular choice for those seeking both beauty and spiritual connection.
Turquoise
Turquoise has long been revered for its protective and healing properties. In ancient times, it was used as an amulet to ward off negative energy and bring good fortune. It is often associated with healing, especially for the throat and respiratory system, and is believed to promote communication and self-expression. In Native American traditions, turquoise is considered a stone of power and protection, often used in ceremonies and as a symbol of the sky and water.
In modern metaphysical practices, turquoise is linked to the throat chakra, enhancing communication and truth. It is also believed to support emotional healing and personal growth, helping individuals to express their thoughts and feelings with clarity and confidence. As a gemstone, turquoise is often chosen for its vibrant color and its symbolic meaning, making it a meaningful and powerful addition to any jewelry collection.
Care and Cleaning
Proper care is essential for maintaining the beauty and longevity of tanzanite and turquoise jewelry, given their relatively low hardness and sensitivity to certain conditions.
Tanzanite
- Cleaning: Tanzanite should be cleaned gently with a soft cloth or mild soap and water. Avoid using harsh chemicals or ultrasonic cleaners, which can damage the stone.
- Storage: Store tanzanite separately from harder gemstones to prevent scratches. A soft pouch or jewelry box is ideal.
- Wear: Due to its lower hardness, tanzanite should be protected from impacts and abrasive surfaces. It is best worn for special occasions rather than daily use.
Turquoise
- Cleaning: Turquoise should be cleaned with a soft cloth and mild soap. Avoid soaking it in water for long periods, as it can absorb water and become brittle. Also, avoid using ultrasonic cleaners or harsh chemicals.
- Storage: Store turquoise in a cool, dry place to prevent it from drying out or cracking. A soft pouch or jewelry box is recommended.
- Wear: Turquoise is best worn with care, avoiding exposure to chemicals, heat, and abrasive surfaces. It is a delicate stone that requires gentle handling.
Modern Jewelry Trends and Design
In contemporary jewelry design, December's birthstones have found a special place due to their unique colors and symbolic meanings. Designers and brands have embraced these gemstones, incorporating them into a wide range of styles—from dainty and minimalist to bold and statement-making pieces.
Tanzanite in Jewelry
Tanzanite is often set in gold or silver, with 14k gold being a popular choice due to its durability and warm tone. It is frequently used in necklaces, earrings, and rings, where its vibrant color can be showcased. The Aura Collection, mentioned in some sources, highlights a modern, muted take on the traditional blue of tanzanite, appealing to those who prefer a more understated look.
The use of recycled gold, as seen in the description of a gold tanzanite pendant, reflects a growing trend in sustainable and ethical jewelry. This approach not only reduces environmental impact but also resonates with consumers who value responsible sourcing.
Turquoise in Jewelry
Turquoise is often featured in Native American-inspired designs, where it is combined with silver, beads, and other natural materials. These pieces often tell a story, reflecting the cultural heritage and craftsmanship of the artisans. In modern settings, turquoise is also used in dainty silver pendants, layered necklaces, and minimalist earrings, appealing to a wide range of styles and preferences.
The Timeless in Turquoise collection highlights the enduring appeal of this gemstone, with customers praising its quality, comfort, and timeless design. The emphasis on personalization—such as customizing birthstone jewelry for friends and family—reflects the emotional and sentimental value associated with these stones.
Conclusion
The December birthstones—tanzanite and turquoise—are more than just beautiful gemstones; they are symbols of intuition, protection, and connection. From their geological origins to their cultural significance, these stones offer a rich tapestry of meaning and beauty. Whether worn for their aesthetic appeal, spiritual properties, or personal significance, tanzanite and turquoise continue to captivate and inspire. As jewelry designers and consumers alike embrace sustainable practices and meaningful craftsmanship, these December birthstones remain a timeless choice for those seeking both elegance and depth.