The July 20th birthstone is a gem of extraordinary significance, both in its physical properties and in its cultural and historical legacy. Primarily associated with the ruby, the birthstone for this date carries the symbolic weight of passion, power, and protection. Known as the "king of gemstones," ruby is a vivid red variety of corundum, and its color is among the most coveted in the world of gemology. July 20th falls within the zodiac sign of Cancer, and as such, ruby aligns with the traditional July birthstone, symbolizing devotion and courage. While the official birthstone is ruby, some traditions also recognize onyx, turquoise, sardonyx, and sapphire as alternative July 20th stones, depending on cultural or astrological frameworks.
This article explores the ruby and its significance as the July 20th birthstone, covering its historical roots, gemological properties, cultural symbolism, and care instructions. We will also briefly touch upon the alternative gemstones associated with this date and their meanings. Through this exploration, we aim to provide a comprehensive understanding of the ruby’s role in both the world of gemstones and the broader cultural traditions surrounding birthstones.
History and Lore of the Ruby
Ruby has long been revered as a symbol of vitality and strength. In ancient India, ruby was known as the “king of precious stones” due to its rarity, hardness, and perceived mystical properties. The stone was believed to possess the power to protect its wearer from harm and to bring youthfulness and energy. Indian warriors and royalty alike adorned themselves with rubies, considering them to be talismans of invincibility and divine favor. In Burmese tradition, warriors believed that wearing a ruby in battle would grant them invincibility, a belief that underscores the stone’s association with courage and protection.
The ruby’s red hue has also been historically linked to the life force of blood, making it a powerful symbol of vitality and passion. In medieval Europe, ruby was thought to have the ability to predict misfortune and danger, as well as to cure inflammatory diseases. Some believed that the ruby could calm anger and promote inner peace, making it a valuable gemstone not only for its beauty but also for its perceived healing properties.
The name “ruby” comes from the Latin word ruber, meaning “red,” and this color has been central to the stone’s identity throughout history. The most prized ruby color is known in the trade as “pigeon blood” red — a deep, vivid red with a hint of blue undertones. This term is particularly associated with Burmese rubies, which are considered the finest examples of the gemstone.
Geological Formation and Sources of Ruby
Ruby is a variety of the mineral corundum, which is composed of aluminum oxide (Al₂O₃). The red color in ruby is due to the presence of trace amounts of chromium, which replaces some aluminum atoms in the crystal structure. The more chromium present, the stronger the red color. In some cases, iron can also contribute to the hue, producing slightly different shades of red. This variation in color is one of the reasons why rubies from different geographic locations can differ in appearance.
Rubies are typically found in metamorphic rocks such as marble and in alluvial deposits. The most famous ruby-producing region is Myanmar (formerly Burma), where the gemstone has been mined for centuries. Burmese rubies are renowned for their exceptional color and are considered the benchmark for quality in the ruby trade. Other notable ruby sources include Thailand, Sri Lanka, Madagascar, Afghanistan, and Tanzania. Each of these locations produces rubies with unique characteristics, influenced by the geological conditions in which they formed.
The formation of ruby is a slow and complex process. Corundum forms under high-pressure and high-temperature conditions, typically in the presence of limestone or bauxite. Over time, the introduction of trace elements like chromium or iron into the crystal lattice gives the gemstone its distinctive red color. The presence of other minerals can also affect the appearance of ruby, with some stones exhibiting inclusions or fractures that can impact their clarity and value.
Gemological Properties of Ruby
Ruby is one of the most durable colored gemstones, ranking second only to diamond on the Mohs Hardness Scale with a rating of 9. This high hardness makes ruby suitable for everyday wear and ensures that it can withstand the rigors of use in jewelry. Its toughness, however, can vary depending on the presence of inclusions or fractures. While ruby is generally hard and resistant to scratching, it can be vulnerable to chipping if struck at a weak point, particularly if the stone has internal fractures.
In terms of refractive properties, ruby has a refractive index ranging from 1.76 to 1.78, which contributes to its brilliance and fire when cut and polished. The gemstone is typically cut into shapes that maximize its color and sparkle, such as emerald cuts, oval cuts, and round brilliants. The most valuable rubies are those that exhibit a deep, even red color without excessive zoning or color banding. The presence of inclusions can affect the clarity of a ruby, but in some cases, these natural features are considered desirable as they indicate the stone is unheated or has a certain origin.
One of the most important factors in determining the value of a ruby is its color. As mentioned earlier, the ideal color is known as “pigeon blood” red, which is a deep, vivid red with a slight blue undertone. This color is most commonly found in Burmese rubies and is highly sought after by collectors and connoisseurs. Rubies from other regions, such as Thailand or Madagascar, may exhibit different shades of red, including darker, more garnet-like tones.
Symbolism and Metaphysical Beliefs
Ruby has long been associated with powerful metaphysical properties and cultural symbolism. In many traditions, ruby is considered a stone of passion, love, and vitality. It is often linked to the heart chakra and is believed to enhance emotional strength, motivation, and courage. Wearing ruby is thought to bring a sense of confidence and inner fire, making it a popular choice for those seeking to boost their personal power and resilience.
In ancient times, ruby was believed to have protective qualities, shielding the wearer from harm and bringing good fortune. It was also thought to promote longevity and vitality, making it a favored gemstone among royalty and warriors. Some cultures believed that ruby could predict danger or misfortune, acting as a kind of early warning system for its owner.
Modern metaphysical traditions continue to attribute powerful properties to ruby. It is often used in meditation and energy work to stimulate the heart chakra and encourage emotional healing. Ruby is also associated with the sun, symbolizing warmth, energy, and life force. Some believe that ruby can enhance one’s ability to communicate and express emotions, making it a useful stone for those in need of greater emotional clarity and strength.
Care and Maintenance of Ruby
Given its high hardness and durability, ruby is a relatively easy gemstone to care for. However, like all gemstones, it does require some attention to maintain its beauty and longevity. One of the key considerations in caring for ruby is to avoid exposure to harsh chemicals, which can damage the surface of the stone or affect its color. It is also important to be cautious when exposing ruby to extreme temperatures, as sudden temperature changes can cause thermal shock and potentially lead to cracking or fracturing.
To clean ruby jewelry, a simple solution of warm soapy water and a soft brush is generally sufficient. This method helps to remove dirt and oils without risking damage to the stone. For more thorough cleaning, ultrasonic cleaners can be used, but they should be avoided if the ruby has been treated with fracture-filling or diffusion treatments, as these can be affected by the vibrations and water.
When storing ruby jewelry, it is advisable to keep the pieces separate from other gemstones to prevent scratching. Ruby can scratch softer gemstones such as pearls, opals, and emeralds, so it is best to store it in a separate compartment or pouch. Regular inspection of ruby jewelry is also recommended, particularly if the stone has inclusions or fractures, as these can weaken over time and may require professional attention.
Alternative July 20th Birthstones
While ruby is the primary birthstone for July 20th, some traditions also recognize other gemstones as appropriate for this date. These alternative birthstones include onyx, turquoise, sardonyx, and sapphire. Each of these gemstones carries its own unique properties and symbolism, making them meaningful choices for individuals born on July 20th.
Onyx is a black or banded variety of chalcedony and is associated with protection, strength, and grounding. It is often used in jewelry to provide a sense of balance and stability. Turquoise, a blue-green gemstone, is known for its calming properties and is believed to promote healing and emotional balance. Sardonyx, a type of onyx with reddish-brown bands, is associated with courage and determination, while sapphire is linked to wisdom, clarity, and spiritual insight.
These alternative gemstones offer a diverse range of options for those who may be drawn to different energies or aesthetics. While ruby remains the most widely recognized July birthstone, the inclusion of these other stones reflects the rich and varied traditions surrounding birthstones.
The Cultural and Historical Significance of Ruby
Ruby has played a significant role in various cultures throughout history, from ancient civilizations to modern times. In Indian and Burmese traditions, ruby has been revered as a symbol of power, protection, and vitality. It was often worn by royalty and warriors, who believed it could grant them invincibility and divine favor. In medieval Europe, ruby was associated with the heart and was believed to have the power to heal ailments and promote emotional well-being.
The stone has also been a popular choice in royal jewelry, with many famous rubies being part of historical collections. For example, the Black Prince’s Ruby, which is part of the British Crown Jewels, was long believed to be a true ruby but was later identified as a red spinel. Despite this misidentification, the stone’s historical significance remains undiminished.
In modern times, ruby continues to be a highly valued gemstone, both for its beauty and its symbolism. It is often used in engagement rings, anniversary gifts, and other meaningful jewelry pieces. Its association with love, passion, and vitality makes it a powerful and enduring choice for those seeking a gemstone that reflects their inner strength and emotional depth.
The Role of Ruby in Jewelry and Design
Ruby’s vibrant red color and high durability make it a popular choice in jewelry design. It is often set in gold, which complements its warm hue and provides a luxurious setting. Ruby can be found in a variety of jewelry styles, including rings, pendants, earrings, and bracelets. The gemstone’s versatility allows it to be used in both classic and contemporary designs, making it a favorite among jewelers and collectors alike.
In terms of cut, ruby is commonly shaped into emerald cuts, oval cuts, and round brilliants, which enhance its color and brilliance. The choice of cut can affect the overall appearance of the stone, with some cuts emphasizing the ruby’s color more than others. The presence of inclusions can also influence the design, as some jewelers prefer to highlight natural characteristics that indicate the stone’s origin and authenticity.
Ruby is often paired with other gemstones in jewelry, such as diamonds or sapphires, to create striking combinations. These pairings can enhance the visual impact of the piece and add a sense of balance and harmony. Ruby’s rich color also makes it a popular choice for statement pieces, where it can serve as a focal point and draw the eye.
The Economic and Market Value of Ruby
Ruby is one of the most valuable colored gemstones in the world, with prices varying depending on factors such as color, clarity, size, and origin. The most expensive rubies are those that exhibit the ideal “pigeon blood” red color and are free of inclusions. These stones are primarily found in Myanmar and are highly sought after by collectors and investors.
The value of ruby is also influenced by its rarity. While ruby is more common than diamond, it is still considered a rare gemstone due to the specific geological conditions required for its formation. This scarcity, combined with its beauty and symbolism, contributes to its high market value. In addition to its use in jewelry, ruby is also collected as a gemstone for investment purposes, with fine-quality stones often appreciating in value over time.
The market for ruby is also affected by the treatments and enhancements that are commonly applied to the stone. Heat treatment is the most widely used enhancement and is generally accepted in the industry. However, other treatments such as fracture filling and diffusion treatment can significantly affect the value of a ruby, and it is important for buyers to be aware of these treatments when purchasing a ruby.
Conclusion
The July 20th birthstone, ruby, is a gemstone of exceptional beauty, historical significance, and cultural symbolism. Its deep red color, often described as “pigeon blood” red, is one of the most coveted in the world of gemology. Ruby has been revered for centuries for its association with power, protection, and vitality, and it continues to be a popular choice in jewelry and spiritual practices. While ruby is the primary birthstone for this date, some traditions also recognize onyx, turquoise, sardonyx, and sapphire as alternative July 20th stones, each with its own unique properties and meanings.
Understanding the history, gemological properties, and symbolism of ruby provides a deeper appreciation for this remarkable gemstone. Whether worn as a piece of jewelry or used in meditation and energy work, ruby offers a powerful connection to the energies of passion, strength, and vitality. Its enduring appeal and significance make it a timeless choice for those born on July 20th and for anyone drawn to the beauty and meaning of this extraordinary gemstone.