August is a month marked by summer’s peak warmth and a rich selection of gemstones that have been cherished for centuries. The official birthstones for August include peridot, spinel, and sardonyx, each with its own unique properties, symbolism, and historical significance. These gemstones not only offer a range of colors and styles but also carry deep cultural and spiritual meanings that have endured through time.
This article delves into the history and lore of each of these August birthstones, explores their geological formation and sources, examines their gemological properties, and discusses the metaphysical beliefs and cultural significance associated with them. Whether you are an August-born individual or simply drawn to the beauty and meaning of these stones, this guide offers a comprehensive look at the gemstones that define the month of August.
The Historical Journey of August Birthstones
The concept of birthstones has a long and fascinating history, with different cultures attributing various gemstones to each month of the year. The official August birthstones—peridot, spinel, and sardonyx—have each played significant roles in this tradition, with their meanings and uses evolving over time.
Sardonyx is the oldest of the August birthstones, having been regarded as a protective talisman in ancient Greece and Rome. This banded gemstone, composed of sard and onyx, was believed to bring strength and courage to its wearer. It was the first gemstone to be officially designated as the birthstone for August when the American Gem Association first established its list in 1912. Sardonyx was seen as a symbol of power and was often used in amulets and protective charms.
Agate was also once an official August birthstone, but it has since been replaced by peridot. Peridot, known for its vibrant green color, gradually became the most popular and widely recognized August birthstone in the mid-20th century. Ancient Egyptians referred to peridot as the “gem of the sun,” believing it to bring light and prosperity. During the Middle Ages, peridot was often used in protective amulets, thought to ward off nightmares and evil spirits.
In 2016, the American Gem Trade Association added spinel to the list of official August birthstones. Spinels, known for their brilliance and variety of colors, brought a new dimension to the August birthstone collection. This addition reflects the evolving nature of birthstone traditions and the recognition of spinel’s beauty and value in the jewelry market.
Together, these three gemstones—peridot, spinel, and sardonyx—offer a rich tapestry of history, symbolism, and beauty that continues to inspire jewelry lovers and gemstone enthusiasts today.
Geological Formation and Sources
The formation and sources of August birthstones are as varied and fascinating as the stones themselves. Each gemstone has its own unique geological history, contributing to its distinct properties and appearance.
Peridot
Peridot is a member of the olivine mineral family and is formed deep within the Earth's mantle. It is often brought to the surface through volcanic activity or found in meteorites. The presence of iron in peridot is responsible for its vibrant green color, with higher iron content producing darker shades. Peridot is considered an "idiochromatic gemstone," meaning its color is a natural result of its chemical composition rather than impurities.
The primary sources of high-quality peridot include Myanmar, Pakistan, and the United States. Myanmar is particularly renowned for producing peridot with an intense, rich green color. Arizona in the United States is also a significant source, known for its natural and untreated peridot stones. The gemstone's natural brightness and lack of need for enhancement make it a favorite among those who prefer natural gemstones.
Spinels
Spinel is a mineral that forms in a variety of colors, including red, pink, orange, blue, and black. Its most popular form is the vivid red spinel, which is often mistaken for ruby due to its similar appearance. Spinels are formed in igneous rocks and are typically found in metamorphic environments. The gemstone’s brilliance and hardness make it highly desirable in the jewelry industry.
Spinel is found in several parts of the world, including Myanmar, Sri Lanka, Afghanistan, and Vietnam. These regions are known for producing high-quality spinels with excellent clarity and vibrant colors. The addition of spinel to the list of August birthstones in 2016 highlights its growing popularity and recognition in the gemstone market.
Sardonyx
Sardonyx is a type of chalcedony, a form of quartz, and is composed of alternating layers of sard and onyx. Sard is a reddish-brown variety of quartz, while onyx is a banded variety that often appears in white or black. The combination of these two materials gives sardonyx its distinctive striped appearance, with bands of red, brown, white, and orange.
Sardonyx is typically found in regions where volcanic activity has occurred, such as Brazil, India, and the United States. These areas have been historically significant in the production of sardonyx, which has been used for centuries in jewelry and amulets. The gemstone’s durability and striking appearance make it a popular choice for both traditional and modern jewelry designs.
Gemological Properties of August Birthstones
Understanding the gemological properties of August birthstones is essential for both gemologists and jewelry enthusiasts. These properties determine the gemstones' durability, appearance, and suitability for different types of jewelry. The following sections provide a detailed overview of the key gemological characteristics of peridot, spinel, and sardonyx.
Peridot
Peridot is a relatively soft gemstone with a hardness of 6.5 to 7 on the Mohs scale. While it is durable enough for everyday wear in certain jewelry pieces, it is more susceptible to scratches and damage compared to harder gemstones like diamonds or sapphires. The gemstone's refractive index ranges between 1.65 and 1.70, giving it a moderate level of brilliance and fire.
Peridot is available in a range of green hues, from pale yellow-green to deep olive green. Its color is not due to impurities but is a natural result of its chemical composition, specifically the presence of iron. High-quality peridot stones are those with a rich, lime-green color and minimal inclusions.
Peridot is typically found in its natural state and does not require treatment or enhancement. This makes it a popular choice for those who prefer unaltered gemstones. The most valuable peridot stones are those with excellent clarity, intense color, and a well-proportioned cut that maximizes their brilliance.
Spinels
Spinels have a hardness of 8 on the Mohs scale, making them more durable than peridot and suitable for a wider range of jewelry applications. Their refractive index ranges from 1.71 to 1.72, which contributes to their high brilliance and fire. Spinels are known for their exceptional clarity and are often found in gem-quality specimens with minimal inclusions.
One of the most notable characteristics of spinels is their wide range of colors. While the most popular and valuable spinels are red, they can also be found in pink, orange, blue, and black. The color of a spinel is determined by the trace elements present in its chemical composition. For example, red spinels owe their color to the presence of chromium or iron, while blue spinels get their hue from cobalt.
Spinels are typically found in their natural state and do not require treatment or enhancement. High-quality spinels are those with excellent clarity, vibrant color, and a well-cut shape that enhances their brilliance. The addition of spinel to the list of August birthstones in 2016 reflects its growing popularity and recognition in the gemstone market.
Sardonyx
Sardonyx has a hardness of 6.5 to 7 on the Mohs scale, similar to peridot. Its durability makes it suitable for everyday wear in certain jewelry pieces, although it is more prone to scratches and damage compared to harder gemstones. The gemstone's refractive index ranges between 1.53 and 1.54, giving it a moderate level of brilliance.
Sardonyx is characterized by its distinctive banded appearance, with alternating layers of sard and onyx. Sard is a reddish-brown variety of quartz, while onyx is a banded variety that often appears in white or black. The combination of these two materials gives sardonyx its striking appearance, with bands of red, brown, white, and orange.
Sardonyx is typically found in regions with volcanic activity, such as Brazil, India, and the United States. These areas have been historically significant in the production of sardonyx, which has been used for centuries in jewelry and amulets. The gemstone’s durability and striking appearance make it a popular choice for both traditional and modern jewelry designs.
Symbolism and Metaphysical Beliefs
The symbolism and metaphysical beliefs associated with August birthstones are deeply rooted in history and continue to influence their popularity today. Each gemstone carries its own unique set of meanings and properties, which have been attributed to them by various cultures and traditions.
Peridot
Peridot has long been associated with light, energy, and renewal. It is believed to bring peace, ward off negative energy, and encourage emotional healing. In ancient Egypt, peridot was known as the “gem of the sun” and was thought to bring prosperity and positive energy. During the Middle Ages, it was often used in protective amulets and was believed to guard against nightmares and evil spirits.
Peridot is also associated with joy and abundance. Many cultures believe that the gemstone can attract prosperity and positive energy, making it a symbol of good fortune. It is thought to promote emotional balance and harmony, helping to ease anxiety and restore inner peace.
Spinels
Spinels are associated with renewal, vitality, and inspiration. They are believed to bring a sense of renewal and energy, making them a popular choice for those seeking motivation and inspiration. Spinels are also thought to enhance vitality and promote a sense of well-being.
In some cultures, spinels are associated with love and passion. The gemstone’s vibrant red color is often linked to the heart and is believed to enhance feelings of love and affection. Spinels are also thought to promote courage and confidence, making them a popular choice for those seeking to boost their self-esteem.
Sardonyx
Sardonyx is associated with strength, stability, and protection. It is believed to bring courage and stability to its wearer, making it a popular choice for those seeking to overcome challenges and build resilience. Sardonyx is also thought to provide protection, particularly in times of uncertainty or danger.
In ancient times, sardonyx was used in amulets and charms to provide strength and protection. It was believed to help its wearer remain calm and composed in difficult situations. Sardonyx is also associated with determination and perseverance, making it a symbol of inner strength and resilience.
Care and Cleaning
Proper care and cleaning are essential for maintaining the beauty and longevity of August birthstone jewelry. Each gemstone has its own specific requirements for cleaning and handling, based on its hardness, durability, and sensitivity to chemicals.
Peridot
Peridot is a relatively soft gemstone with a hardness of 6.5 to 7 on the Mohs scale. It is susceptible to scratches and damage, so it should be handled with care. To clean peridot, use a soft cloth and warm, soapy water. Gently wipe the gemstone and rinse it with clean water. Avoid using harsh chemicals or ultrasonic cleaners, as they can damage the gemstone.
Peridot should be stored separately from harder gemstones to prevent scratches. It is also important to avoid exposing peridot to extreme heat or sudden temperature changes, as this can cause the gemstone to crack or become brittle.
Spinels
Spinels have a hardness of 8 on the Mohs scale, making them more durable than peridot and suitable for a wider range of jewelry applications. They can be cleaned with a soft cloth and warm, soapy water. Gently wipe the gemstone and rinse it with clean water. Spinels can also be cleaned with a mild ultrasonic cleaner, provided the gemstone is free of inclusions or fractures.
Spinels should be stored in a soft pouch or a separate compartment to prevent scratches from other gemstones. They are not sensitive to heat or chemicals, making them easy to care for and maintain. However, it is still advisable to avoid exposing spinels to harsh chemicals or extreme temperatures to ensure their longevity.
Sardonyx
Sardonyx has a hardness of 6.5 to 7 on the Mohs scale, similar to peridot. It is durable enough for everyday wear but should be handled with care to prevent scratches and damage. To clean sardonyx, use a soft cloth and warm, soapy water. Gently wipe the gemstone and rinse it with clean water. Avoid using harsh chemicals or ultrasonic cleaners, as they can damage the gemstone.
Sardonyx should be stored separately from harder gemstones to prevent scratches. It is also important to avoid exposing sardonyx to extreme heat or sudden temperature changes, as this can cause the gemstone to crack or become brittle. Regular cleaning and proper storage will help maintain the gemstone’s beauty and durability.
Conclusion
The August birthstones—peridot, spinel, and sardonyx—offer a rich and diverse selection of gemstones that have been cherished for centuries. Each gemstone has its own unique history, symbolism, and gemological properties that contribute to its enduring appeal. Peridot, with its vibrant green color and association with light and renewal, has become the most widely recognized August birthstone. Spinel, with its brilliance and variety of colors, was added to the list in 2016, bringing a new dimension to the August birthstone collection. Sardonyx, the oldest of the August birthstones, continues to be valued for its strength and protective qualities.
Understanding the geological formation, gemological properties, and historical significance of these gemstones provides a deeper appreciation for their beauty and meaning. Whether you are an August-born individual or simply drawn to the allure of these gemstones, peridot, spinel, and sardonyx offer a timeless connection to the past and a source of inspiration for the present.