June, the month of summer’s arrival, is uniquely distinguished in the world of birthstones by boasting not one, but three official gemstones: pearl, moonstone, and alexandrite. Among these, the June 14 birthstone holds a special place—this date is associated with Alexandrite, a rare and captivating gemstone known for its extraordinary color-changing properties. Named in honor of Russian Tsar Alexander II, Alexandrite was discovered in 1834 and quickly became a symbol of regal prestige and natural wonder.
For those born on June 14, Alexandrite is more than just a gemstone—it is a powerful symbol of transformation, balance, and renewal. Its ability to shift from green in daylight to red under incandescent light adds to its mystique, making it one of the most sought-after and cherished gemstones in the world. In this article, we will explore the geological properties of Alexandrite, its historical significance, cultural symbolism, and the care it requires to preserve its beauty.
History and Lore
Alexandrite was discovered in the Ural Mountains of Russia in 1834, and its naming is deeply rooted in the country’s history. The gemstone was named in honor of Tsar Alexander II, who was set to ascend the Russian throne on the very day the stone was discovered. This timing led to its adoption as the Imperial gemstone of Russia, a status it retained for decades. Alexandrite was a favored stone among Russian aristocracy and was often featured in royal jewelry, particularly during the 19th century.
The gemstone’s discovery was a marvel of both natural science and serendipity. The Ural region, already known for its deposits of emeralds and rubies, provided a unique geological environment where Alexandrite could form. The early specimens were highly prized and often reserved for the royal court. However, as the supply dwindled and the gemstone became rarer, its value soared. By the late 19th century, Alexandrite was considered so rare that it was sometimes referred to as the “emerald by day and ruby by night.”
In the early 20th century, as birthstone charts were being standardized, Alexandrite was added as a modern birthstone for June. This addition was partly due to its rarity and partly to provide a more diverse range of options for consumers. The original June birthstone had long been the pearl, but as natural pearls became rarer and more expensive, other options like moonstone and alexandrite were introduced to accommodate different tastes and budgets.
Today, Alexandrite remains a symbol of prestige and transformation. In many cultures, it is believed to bring good fortune and to aid in personal growth. Its color-changing nature is often interpreted as a metaphor for adaptability and the ability to thrive in different circumstances.
Geological Formation and Sources
Alexandrite is a chrysoberyl gemstone with a chemical composition of BeAl₂O₄. It is a rare variety of chrysoberyl that contains trace amounts of chromium or vanadium, which are responsible for its color-changing properties. Unlike most other color-changing gemstones, which rely on impurities to alter their appearance, Alexandrite’s color shift is a result of the way these elements interact with different wavelengths of light.
The gemstone typically forms in granite pegmatites, a type of igneous rock that cools slowly and allows for the formation of large, well-formed crystals. This geological process is responsible for the gemstone’s clarity and brilliance. While the Ural Mountains remain one of the most historically significant sources of Alexandrite, the gemstone is now also found in Brazil, India, Madagascar, and Myanmar. These newer sources have helped to sustain the supply of Alexandrite, though high-quality specimens with a strong color change remain rare.
One of the most notable features of Alexandrite is its Mohs hardness of 8.5, making it one of the hardest gemstones. This durability allows it to be used in a variety of jewelry settings, from rings and pendants to bracelets and earrings. However, due to its rarity, Alexandrite is typically reserved for high-end jewelry collections.
| Property | Value |
|---|---|
| Chemical Formula | BeAl₂O₄ |
| Hardness (Mohs) | 8.5 |
| Refractive Index | 1.74–1.77 |
| Specific Gravity | 3.68–3.71 |
| Color | Green in daylight, red under incandescent light |
| Origin | Russia (Urals), Brazil, India, Madagascar, Myanmar |
| Crystal System | Orthorhombic |
| Cleavage | Distinct in one direction |
The most highly prized Alexandrite specimens display a strong and clean color change, with a clear distinction between the green and red hues. The intensity of the color change depends on the lighting conditions and the composition of the stone. Some specimens may also exhibit a bluish or purplish tone, especially under artificial light.
Gemological Properties
Alexandrite is a gemstone of remarkable optical properties. Its most famous feature is its color change, which occurs due to the absorption of certain wavelengths of light by the chromium or vanadium ions present in the crystal lattice. In daylight, the stone appears green, while under incandescent light (such as a tungsten bulb), it takes on a red or purplish hue.
This effect is known as alexandrite effect and is one of the most sought-after phenomena in gemology. The degree of color change can vary, and a high-quality Alexandrite will exhibit a distinct and dramatic shift. The most valuable specimens are those that display a strong and clean color change, with no secondary colors interfering with the main hues.
In terms of clarity, Alexandrite is typically eye-clean, meaning that it has few or no visible inclusions to the naked eye. However, some inclusions can be present, especially in lower-quality specimens. These inclusions can affect the overall value of the stone, as a clear, flawless Alexandrite is extremely rare.
Alexandrite is also known for its high refractive index, which contributes to its brilliance and sparkle. The specific gravity of the gemstone is relatively high, which means it is quite dense for its size. This density, combined with its hardness, makes Alexandrite a durable gemstone suitable for daily wear.
The gemstone is often cut into brilliant or emerald cuts, which enhance its color and optical effects. Oval and cushion cuts are also popular choices, as they allow for a more even distribution of light and color.
Due to its rarity and unique properties, Alexandrite is one of the most valuable gemstones in the world. High-quality specimens with a strong color change can command prices that rival those of fine emeralds and rubies.
Symbolism and Metaphysical Beliefs
Throughout history, Alexandrite has been associated with a wide range of symbolic meanings and metaphysical properties. In many cultures, it is believed to be a stone of transformation and renewal, making it particularly meaningful for those undergoing significant life changes.
Balance and Harmony
One of the most common associations with Alexandrite is balance and harmony. The gemstone is believed to help individuals find a sense of equilibrium in their lives, guiding them toward decisions that align with their true desires and aspirations. This makes it a popular choice for those seeking personal growth or spiritual development.
In Indian and Eastern traditions, Alexandrite is considered a stone of duality, representing the balance between light and darkness, day and night, and the physical and spiritual realms. It is often used in meditation practices to help individuals achieve a state of inner peace and clarity.
Transformation and Renewal
Alexandrite’s color-changing property is often interpreted as a metaphor for adaptability and transformation. The gemstone is believed to encourage personal growth and to help individuals embrace change with confidence and grace. This makes it a powerful stone for those going through major life transitions, such as career changes, relationship shifts, or spiritual awakenings.
In Western metaphysical traditions, Alexandrite is also associated with good fortune and prosperity. It is believed to bring luck and success to those who wear it, especially in areas related to business, creativity, and personal development.
Emotional and Spiritual Benefits
Alexandrite is said to have emotional and spiritual benefits that can support individuals in their journey toward self-discovery and healing. It is believed to help with emotional balance, reducing stress and anxiety while promoting a sense of calm and well-being.
Spiritually, the gemstone is associated with the heart chakra, which governs love, compassion, and emotional healing. It is believed to help individuals open their hearts and connect with others on a deeper level.
In modern crystal healing practices, Alexandrite is also used to support physical health, particularly in relation to the nervous system and the eyes. It is believed to help with mental clarity, focus, and concentration, making it a popular choice for students and professionals.
Care and Cleaning
Due to its high hardness (8.5 on the Mohs scale), Alexandrite is a durable gemstone that can be worn daily without fear of scratching or chipping. However, like all gemstones, it does require proper care and cleaning to maintain its beauty and brilliance.
Cleaning Methods
Alexandrite can be cleaned using warm, soapy water and a soft brush. This method is gentle and effective for removing dirt and debris from the gemstone. It is important to avoid using harsh chemicals or ultrasonic cleaners, as these can damage the stone or its setting.
If the gemstone is set in a silver or gold setting, it is important to avoid abrasive cleaners, as these can scratch the metal and dull its luster. Instead, use a soft cloth and a mild detergent to clean the setting.
Storage and Handling
To prevent scratches and damage, Alexandrite should be stored separately from other gemstones, especially those with a lower hardness. It is best to store the gemstone in a soft cloth or a padded jewelry box to protect it from dust and physical contact.
When wearing Alexandrite jewelry, it is important to avoid exposure to harsh chemicals, such as perfumes, lotions, and cleaning products. These can dull the gemstone’s surface and affect its appearance.
Professional Care
For deep cleaning or professional restoration, it is best to take Alexandrite jewelry to a qualified jeweler or gemologist. They can assess the condition of the gemstone and provide specialized care to ensure its longevity.
Conclusion
Alexandrite, the June 14 birthstone, is a gemstone of rare beauty, rich history, and powerful symbolism. Its color-changing properties, geological rarity, and metaphysical significance make it one of the most fascinating and valuable gemstones in the world. Whether worn for its esthetic appeal, spiritual benefits, or historical significance, Alexandrite is a gemstone that continues to captivate and inspire.
For those born on June 14, Alexandrite is more than just a birthstone—it is a symbol of transformation, balance, and renewal. Its regal heritage, scientific intrigue, and cultural significance ensure that it will remain a cherished gemstone for generations to come.