For those born on June 18th, the birthstone is not just a symbol of personal identity but a rare and captivating gemstone known as Alexandrite. With its extraordinary ability to change color, Alexandrite has long been admired for its beauty, mystique, and symbolic significance. This article explores the rich history, unique gemological properties, cultural symbolism, and practical care of Alexandrite, offering a comprehensive look at this remarkable stone that continues to enchant gemstone lovers around the world.
Introduction
June, a month of blooming gardens and summer's gentle warmth, is associated with a trio of birthstones: pearl, moonstone, and the rare and fascinating Alexandrite. However, for those born specifically on June 18th, the spotlight falls on Alexandrite, a gemstone of extraordinary allure. Discovered in the 19th century in Russia and named after Tsar Alexander II, Alexandrite is celebrated for its color-changing properties—shifting from green in daylight to a deep red under incandescent light. This transformation is not only visually captivating but also steeped in historical and metaphysical significance.
This article delves into the multifaceted nature of Alexandrite, covering its geological formation, symbolic meaning, historical context, and practical considerations for ownership and care. Drawing on expert sources and historical accounts, the following sections will explore how Alexandrite became the birthstone for June 18th and why it remains a treasured gemstone for collectors and jewelry enthusiasts alike.
History and Lore
Origins in the Russian Empire
Alexandrite was first discovered in 1830 in the Ural Mountains of Russia, a region rich in natural resources and mineral deposits. The gemstone was named in honor of Tsar Alexander II, who had recently ascended to the throne. This serendipitous timing imbued the stone with a sense of imperial prestige and good fortune, quickly making it a symbol of Russian royalty and prosperity.
The discovery of Alexandrite was initially kept secret by the Russian government, as it was intended to be used exclusively by the royal family and the aristocracy. This exclusivity contributed to its mystique and elevated its status as a gemstone of rare and royal distinction.
The Color Change and Its Significance
One of the most captivating features of Alexandrite is its color-changing ability—a phenomenon that occurs due to the way the gemstone absorbs and transmits light. In daylight, Alexandrite appears green due to the absorption of red wavelengths, while under incandescent light, it appears red because of the absorption of green wavelengths. This dual-color display is a result of the gemstone’s chemical composition, particularly its chromium content.
The color change of Alexandrite was not only a marvel of nature but also attributed with symbolic meaning. In Russian folklore, the green hue of the stone was associated with spring and new beginnings, while the red hue was linked to vitality and passion. These associations made Alexandrite a powerful symbol of transformation, renewal, and adaptability—themes that resonated deeply with the Russian people.
Alexandrite in Modern Times
While Alexandrite was once a gemstone reserved for the Russian elite, it has since become more widely available, though still considered rare. The gemstone has been discovered in other parts of the world, including Brazil and Sri Lanka, expanding its availability and accessibility. Despite this, natural Alexandrite remains a highly sought-after gemstone, particularly for those born on June 18th, who are believed to share a special connection with the stone.
In the 20th century, Alexandrite was officially recognized as the birthstone for June 18th by several authoritative sources in the gem and jewelry industry. This designation was not only a tribute to its rarity and beauty but also an acknowledgment of its historical significance and symbolic power.
Geological Formation and Sources
What is Alexandrite?
Alexandrite is a rare variety of the mineral chrysoberyl, a beryllium-aluminum oxide (BeAl₂O₄). What distinguishes Alexandrite from other chrysoberyl gems is the presence of chromium, which gives the stone its characteristic color-changing ability. Unlike many other gemstones, which derive their colors from trace elements, Alexandrite is unique in that its color shift is due to the selective absorption of light at different wavelengths.
The transformation from green to red is not a mere optical illusion but a scientifically explainable phenomenon. Under natural daylight, the chromium in Alexandrite absorbs red light, allowing the green wavelengths to pass through. Under incandescent light, which has a different spectral composition, the chromium absorbs green light, allowing the red wavelengths to dominate. This color change is most pronounced in stones with high chromium content and minimal impurities.
Natural Sources of Alexandrite
The original source of Alexandrite was the Ural Mountains in Russia, where it was first discovered in the 19th century. However, due to the depletion of these deposits and the secretive nature of Russian mining operations, Alexandrite has since been found in other parts of the world.
Brazil is now the most significant source of Alexandrite. The gemstone was discovered in the 1970s in the state of Bahia, where it occurs in metamorphic rocks. The Brazilian Alexandrite is known for its strong color change and high clarity, making it highly desirable in the gem market.
Sri Lanka is another notable source of Alexandrite. The gemstone found in Sri Lanka is often of lower quality than the Brazilian variety, with a less pronounced color change. However, it is still valued for its beauty and rarity.
In addition to these countries, small deposits of Alexandrite have been found in India, Madagascar, and the United States. However, these sources are not as prolific or commercially significant as the Russian, Brazilian, or Sri Lankan deposits.
Synthetic Alexandrite
Due to the rarity and high cost of natural Alexandrite, synthetic versions of the gemstone have been developed. These synthetic Alexandrites are created in laboratories using the flux-growth method, which mimics the natural formation process of the gemstone. While synthetic Alexandrites exhibit the same color-changing properties as their natural counterparts, they are often distinguishable under magnification due to differences in inclusions and crystal structure.
Despite the availability of synthetic Alexandrite, natural Alexandrite remains the most prized and valuable form of the gemstone, particularly for those seeking a birthstone with historical and symbolic significance.
Gemological Properties
Physical and Optical Characteristics
Alexandrite is a rare and precious gemstone with unique physical and optical properties that set it apart from other stones. Below is a table summarizing the key gemological properties of Alexandrite:
| Property | Value |
|---|---|
| Chemical Formula | BeAl₂O₄ (Beryllium Aluminum Oxide) |
| Crystal System | Orthorhombic |
| Hardness (Mohs Scale) | 8.5 |
| Specific Gravity | 3.70–4.00 |
| Refractive Index | 1.74–1.77 |
| Color | Green in daylight; Red in incandescent light |
| Transparency | Transparent to translucent |
| Luster | Vitreous (glassy) |
| Cleavage | Perfect in one direction (cleavage planes) |
| Fracture | Uneven |
| Origin | Russia, Brazil, Sri Lanka |
These properties make Alexandrite a durable yet delicate gemstone that requires careful handling and proper care. While it ranks high on the Mohs scale of hardness (8.5), it is susceptible to cleavage, meaning it can be chipped or cracked if struck along its weak plane.
Cutting and Faceting
Due to its unique color-changing properties and its crystal structure, Alexandrite is often cut in mixed or modified brilliant cuts to maximize its brilliance and color display. The most popular cut for Alexandrite is the emerald cut, which enhances the stone's clarity and color change.
Alexandrite is also occasionally cut in cabochon style, particularly for use in mystical or metaphysical jewelry. However, faceted Alexandrite is more common in fine jewelry, especially for rings, pendants, and earrings.
Market Value and Rarity
Natural Alexandrite is considered one of the rarest and most valuable gemstones in the world. Its rarity is due to both the limited number of sources and the difficulty in finding high-quality specimens with a strong color change and clarity.
The market value of Alexandrite varies depending on several factors, including:
- Color change strength: A vivid and distinct color shift from green to red increases the stone’s value.
- Clarity: Alexandrite with few inclusions and high transparency is more desirable.
- Carat weight: Larger Alexandrite stones are extremely rare and command high prices.
- Origin: Russian Alexandrite is the most valuable, followed by Brazilian and Sri Lankan specimens.
In the gem trade, Alexandrite is often compared to other rare and colorful gemstones such as sapphire, ruby, and tourmaline. However, its unique color-changing properties give it a distinct identity and make it a highly coveted gemstone among collectors and connoisseurs.
Symbolism and Metaphysical Beliefs
Alexandrite as a Stone of Transformation
Alexandrite is widely regarded as a stone of transformation, adaptability, and renewal. Its ability to change color from green to red is seen as a metaphor for the cycles of life and the ability to navigate change with grace and resilience.
In many cultures, green is associated with growth, renewal, and vitality, while red is associated with passion, energy, and power. The dual nature of Alexandrite is believed to represent the balance between these forces, making it a powerful symbol of inner strength and emotional balance.
For those born on June 18th, Alexandrite is considered a birthstone that encourages personal growth and self-discovery. It is believed to help individuals embrace change, overcome obstacles, and find new opportunities in life.
Alexandrite in Metaphysical Traditions
In metaphysical and spiritual traditions, Alexandrite is associated with several key themes:
- Adaptability and Flexibility: Alexandrite is believed to enhance one’s ability to adapt to new situations and embrace change.
- Emotional Balance: The gemstone is thought to help regulate emotions and promote a sense of calm and stability.
- Intuition and Insight: Alexandrite is considered a stone of intuition, helping individuals tap into their inner wisdom and make wise decisions.
- Healing and Renewal: The stone is believed to support the body's natural healing processes and promote physical and emotional recovery.
In some traditions, Alexandrite is also used in crystal healing practices to balance the chakras, particularly the heart and solar plexus chakras. It is said to help individuals release emotional blockages and cultivate a deeper sense of self-awareness.
Alexandrite in Jewelry and Personal Use
Due to its symbolic significance, Alexandrite is often used in fine jewelry and personal adornment. It is a popular choice for birthstone jewelry, including rings, pendants, and earrings. Its unique color-changing properties make it a standout gemstone that is both visually striking and deeply meaningful.
In addition to its use in jewelry, Alexandrite is also used in spiritual and meditative practices. Some people carry a piece of Alexandrite with them as a personal talisman or wear it during times of transition or transformation.
Care and Cleaning
Proper Handling and Storage
Due to its hardness (8.5 on the Mohs scale), Alexandrite is relatively durable but still requires careful handling. Because it has a perfect cleavage plane, it can be chipped or cracked if struck along the wrong direction. To prevent damage, it is important to:
- Avoid exposing Alexandrite to sudden impacts or pressure.
- Store Alexandrite jewelry separately from other gemstones to prevent scratches.
- Remove Alexandrite jewelry before engaging in activities that may cause physical contact, such as sports or manual labor.
Cleaning and Maintenance
Alexandrite can be cleaned using mild soap and warm water. A soft brush can be used to gently remove dirt and debris from the gemstone and its setting. However, due to its sensitivity to heat and light, it is best to avoid using steam cleaners or ultrasonic cleaners, as these can cause the stone to become discolored or damaged over time.
When polishing Alexandrite, it is important to use a soft, lint-free cloth to avoid scratching the surface of the gemstone. Harsh chemicals and abrasive materials should be avoided, as they can damage the stone or its setting.
Conclusion
Alexandrite, the June 18th birthstone, is a gemstone of extraordinary beauty, rarity, and symbolic significance. From its origins in the Russian Empire to its modern-day status as a coveted gemstone, Alexandrite has captivated the hearts and minds of gemstone enthusiasts for centuries. Its unique color-changing properties, rich history, and deep metaphysical meaning make it a truly remarkable stone that continues to inspire and enchant.
Whether worn as a personal talisman, a cherished family heirloom, or a stunning piece of fine jewelry, Alexandrite is a gemstone that carries with it the spirit of transformation, renewal, and adaptability. For those born on June 18th, Alexandrite is not just a birthstone—it is a symbol of identity, resilience, and the enduring power of change.