March is uniquely distinguished in the world of birthstones by its dual representation: Aquamarine and Bloodstone. While Aquamarine is widely recognized as the modern March birthstone, Bloodstone retains its historical significance as the traditional counterpart. Together, these two gemstones offer a striking combination of colors, symbolism, and properties that reflect the transition from winter to spring—a time of renewal, strength, and clarity.
This article explores the origins, properties, symbolism, and care of both Aquamarine and Bloodstone, drawing from a collection of authoritative sources that illuminate the rich legacy of these March birthstones.
Introduction
The month of March is symbolized by two distinct yet equally significant gemstones: Aquamarine and Bloodstone. While Aquamarine, with its tranquil blue hues, is the modern representative of March, Bloodstone, characterized by its deep green background with red flecks, has long been associated with the month in traditional birthstone lore. These gemstones are not only beautiful but also carry deep symbolic and historical meanings.
This article delves into the physical and gemological properties, historical and cultural significance, and spiritual and metaphysical beliefs surrounding Aquamarine and Bloodstone. It also provides practical advice on how to care for these gemstones, making this information valuable for gemstone enthusiasts, jewelry collectors, and those curious about the meaning behind their birthstone.
History and Lore
Aquamarine: The Sea’s Guardian
Aquamarine has a long and storied history, especially among ancient mariners. Its name, derived from the Latin "aqua marina"—meaning "water of the sea"—reflects its association with the ocean and the calming, restorative powers it is believed to possess. As early as ancient times, sailors carried Aquamarine as a talisman for safe passage across the seas, believing it would calm turbulent waters and protect them from storms.
In addition to its maritime symbolism, Aquamarine has also been regarded as a stone of serenity and peace. In the past, it was thought to bring happiness in marriage, and some sources suggest it was believed to protect against enemies in battle and litigation. Wearing the gemstone was said to make the wearer unconquerable and amiable, enhancing both intellect and diplomacy.
Aquamarine also holds a special place in modern gemology and jewelry traditions. It is the gemstone associated with the 19th wedding anniversary, symbolizing enduring love and clarity. In 1936, the government of Brazil gifted a massive 1,298-carat Aquamarine to Eleanor Roosevelt, the First Lady of the United States. This large gemstone, known as the "Brazilian Aquamarine," was cut into a rectangular step shape and remains one of the most famous Aquamarine specimens in history.
Bloodstone: The Stone of Vitality
Bloodstone, the traditional alternative to Aquamarine, has its own rich history and symbolism. Known in the gem trade as Heliotrope, Bloodstone is a green jasper (a type of chalcedony) that contains iron oxide inclusions, which appear as red flecks or spots on the surface. These red inclusions have led to its name and its association with blood and life force.
Historically, Bloodstone was believed to bring strength, vitality, and courage to the wearer. It was used in medieval medicine and alchemy, where it was thought to stop bleeding and purify the blood—hence the name. Warriors and knights often carried Bloodstone into battle for protection and endurance.
In the context of birthstone traditions, Bloodstone has long been associated with March. While Aquamarine gained wider popularity as the modern birthstone, Bloodstone continued to be valued in older European and Asian gemstone lore. Some sources suggest that Bloodstone was the original March birthstone, with Aquamarine being added later as a complementary stone.
Together, Aquamarine and Bloodstone represent the duality of March—a month that bridges the last days of winter with the first days of spring. The serene blue of Aquamarine symbolizes calm and clarity, while the deep green with red flecks of Bloodstone represents strength and vitality.
Geological Formation and Sources
Aquamarine: A Beryl of the Sea
Aquamarine is a beryl mineral, a family of beryllium aluminum silicate crystals that includes emerald (green beryl) and heliodor (golden beryl). The blue color of Aquamarine is caused by the presence of ferrous iron (Fe²⁺) within the crystal structure. The intensity of the blue varies depending on the concentration of this iron and the presence of other trace elements.
Aquamarine is typically found in granitic pegmatites, hydrothermal veins, and metamorphic rocks, where conditions allow for the slow growth of large, high-quality crystals. The most important sources of Aquamarine include:
- Brazil – The largest and most important source of Aquamarine in the world. Brazilian deposits are known for producing large, clear crystals in a range of blue tones.
- Madagascar – A significant producer of high-quality Aquamarine, especially in the deep blue to blue-green shades.
- Afghanistan – Known for producing light blue Aquamarine with excellent clarity.
- Nigeria and Kenya – Emerging sources of Aquamarine, producing smaller but high-quality stones.
- United States – Aquamarine is also found in Colorado and California, though in smaller quantities.
Aquamarine is usually faceted to enhance its clarity and color. The most popular cuts include emerald, oval, and cushion cuts, which help to display the gemstone’s brilliance and color depth. Due to its hardness of 7.5 to 8 on the Mohs scale, it is very durable and suitable for use in rings, necklaces, and earrings.
Bloodstone: A Jasper of Life
Bloodstone, or green jasper, is a microcrystalline form of quartz, meaning it is composed of very fine interlocking crystals of chalcedony. The deep green color of Bloodstone comes from chromophore elements such as iron and chromium, while the red flecks are due to iron oxide (hematite) inclusions.
Bloodstone is typically cabochon-cut, meaning it is polished into a smooth, rounded shape without facets, to emphasize the play of color and texture. This cut also helps to enhance the stone’s luster and visual appeal.
The most important sources of Bloodstone include:
- India – The most well-known and consistent source of Bloodstone. Indian deposits are known for producing high-quality, vibrant stones with distinct red flecks.
- Brazil – A significant source of Bloodstone, especially in large, rough pieces that can be cut into cabochons or shaped into beads.
- United States – Bloodstone is found in California and Arizona, though in smaller quantities.
- Russia – Historically an important source, especially during the 19th and early 20th centuries.
Bloodstone is relatively hard, with a Mohs hardness of 6.5 to 7, making it suitable for use in jewelry. However, due to its porous nature and susceptibility to scratches, it is best suited for pendants, earrings, and bracelets, rather than rings or other high-wear pieces.
Gemological Properties
Aquamarine
| Property | Description |
|---|---|
| Chemical Formula | Be₃Al₂(SiO₃)₆ |
| Crystal System | Hexagonal |
| Hardness (Mohs) | 7.5–8 |
| Color | Blue to blue-green, ranging from pale to deep blue |
| Luster | Vitreous (glassy) |
| Refractive Index | 1.56–1.58 |
| Specific Gravity | 2.68–2.78 |
| Transparency | Transparent to translucent |
| Cleavage | Perfect in one direction |
| Common Cuts | Emerald, oval, cushion |
| Origin | Brazil, Madagascar, Afghanistan, Nigeria, United States |
Aquamarine is a highly valued gemstone due to its clarity, color, and durability. The most prized specimens are those with a deep, even blue color and high transparency. Stones with excessive green tones are generally less valuable.
Bloodstone
| Property | Description |
|---|---|
| Chemical Formula | SiO₂ (quartz) + iron oxide inclusions |
| Crystal System | Trigonal (microcrystalline quartz) |
| Hardness (Mohs) | 6.5–7 |
| Color | Deep green with red flecks of iron oxide |
| Luster | Waxy to dull |
| Refractive Index | 1.53–1.54 |
| Specific Gravity | 2.58–2.64 |
| Transparency | Opaque to translucent |
| Cleavage | None (microcrystalline) |
| Common Cuts | Cabochon, tumbled, beads |
| Origin | India, Brazil, United States, Russia |
Bloodstone is less valuable than Aquamarine due to its lower clarity and color variability, but it is still widely used in jewelry and spiritual practices. The most desirable Bloodstone is deep green with bright red flecks, as this provides the best contrast and visual impact.
Symbolism and Metaphysical Beliefs
Aquamarine: A Stone of Peace and Clarity
Aquamarine is often described as a stone of serenity, calmness, and clarity. In modern metaphysical practices, it is believed to enhance communication, reduce stress, and bring inner peace to the wearer. It is also associated with honesty, loyalty, and courage, making it a powerful symbol for those born in March.
Some of the key metaphysical properties attributed to Aquamarine include:
- Emotional Healing – It is believed to help release fear and anxiety, promoting emotional stability and inner strength.
- Communication – Aquamarine is said to enhance clear and honest communication, both in verbal and written expression.
- Calming Energy – It is considered a stone of tranquility, helping to soothe the mind and reduce mental clutter.
- Protection – Historically, it was used as a protective stone for travelers and sailors, believed to ward off dangers and bring safe passage.
In feng shui, Aquamarine is associated with the water element and is used to promote flow and movement, both physically and emotionally. It is often placed in living rooms or offices to encourage clarity, focus, and creativity.
Bloodstone: A Stone of Strength and Vitality
Bloodstone, on the other hand, is considered a stone of vitality, courage, and protection. In traditional metaphysical beliefs, it is believed to strengthen the body and mind, boost energy levels, and enhance endurance. It is also associated with healing and purification, particularly of the blood and circulatory system.
Some of the key metaphysical properties of Bloodstone include:
- Physical Strength – It is believed to increase physical stamina and vitality, making it a popular stone among athletes and warriors.
- Emotional Stability – Bloodstone is thought to ground the wearer, helping to balance emotions and reduce anxiety.
- Healing – Historically, it was used to stop bleeding and purify the blood, and is still believed to support the circulatory system.
- Courage and Willpower – Bloodstone is associated with determination and willpower, making it a stone of action and perseverance.
In crystal healing, Bloodstone is often used to treat fatigue, anemia, and stress-related conditions. It is also believed to enhance the immune system and promote overall well-being.
Care and Cleaning
Aquamarine
Aquamarine is relatively hard and durable, making it suitable for daily wear. However, due to its perfect cleavage, it should be handled with care to avoid impacts or pressure along the cleavage planes.
- Cleaning – Aquamarine can be cleaned using warm, soapy water and a soft brush. It is safe to use ultrasonic and steam cleaners, though caution should be taken with older or fragile pieces.
- Storage – Store Aquamarine separately from harder gemstones to prevent scratches. It can be stored in a soft pouch or lined jewelry box.
- Avoid – Avoid exposure to harsh chemicals, extreme heat, and prolonged sunlight, which can fade the color or cause structural damage.
Bloodstone
Bloodstone is less hard than Aquamarine, so it requires a bit more care.
- Cleaning – Clean Bloodstone with warm, soapy water and a soft cloth. Avoid ultrasonic or steam cleaners, as they can damage the porous structure of the stone.
- Storage – Store Bloodstone in a dry place, away from direct sunlight and other abrasive materials. A soft pouch or lined drawer is ideal.
- Avoid – Avoid harsh chemicals, abrasive cleaners, and high heat, which can damage the surface or inclusions.
Conclusion
March is uniquely represented by two gemstones—Aquamarine and Bloodstone—each with its own distinct color, symbolism, and history. Aquamarine, with its calm blue hues, is a stone of serenity, clarity, and courage, while Bloodstone, with its deep green and red flecks, is a stone of strength, vitality, and protection.
Both gemstones have been valued across cultures and centuries, from ancient sailors and warriors to modern gemologists and jewelry lovers. Whether you are drawn to the serene beauty of Aquamarine or the earthy power of Bloodstone, these gemstones offer a rich legacy of meaning and significance.
As the 19th wedding anniversary gemstone and a symbol of renewal and growth, Aquamarine and Bloodstone continue to capture the hearts of those born in March, offering a beautiful and meaningful connection to the past and present.