March is a month of transition, marking the beginning of spring in the Northern Hemisphere and the end of autumn in the Southern Hemisphere. It is also a month rich in symbolism—associated with new beginnings, growth, and renewal. This symbolism is reflected in the selection of its birthstones: aquamarine and bloodstone. These two gemstones, while differing in appearance and properties, share a common theme of strength and vitality. Together, they offer a unique duality that makes March one of the most distinctive months in the traditional birthstone calendar.
This article delves into the history, properties, symbolism, and practical considerations of the two official birthstones of March. We will explore how they were chosen, what makes them significant in both historical and modern contexts, and how they are valued today in the world of gemology and jewelry.
History and Lore of March Birthstones
The tradition of birthstones dates back to ancient times, with early references appearing in the biblical account of Aaron’s breastplate in the Book of Exodus. This artifact, described in the Old Testament, was adorned with twelve gemstones representing the twelve tribes of Israel. Over time, these stones were interpreted as corresponding to the months of the year, forming the basis of many early birthstone lists.
The modern birthstone tradition, however, evolved differently. In the 16th century, the Swiss naturalist and physician Paracelsus proposed that each month had a gemstone with specific medicinal and spiritual properties. By the 19th and 20th centuries, various gemological institutions and jewelry trade organizations standardized these lists. The American National Association of Jewelers (NAJ) and the European gemstone traditions were among the key players in shaping the modern birthstone calendar.
For March, bloodstone was originally the sole recognized birthstone in these early traditions. It was valued for its deep green base with red flecks, which were interpreted as a symbol of life and vitality. In ancient times, it was believed that bloodstone could help stop bleeding and was often used in medicine and amulets.
In the 20th century, aquamarine was added as the primary March birthstone, reflecting the gemstone’s growing popularity and its strong association with the sea and springtime. The inclusion of aquamarine brought a new dimension to the March birthstone tradition, emphasizing serenity, clarity, and the renewal of life.
Today, both aquamarine and bloodstone are widely accepted as the birthstones for March. They are often featured in jewelry and are valued not only for their beauty but also for their historical and symbolic significance.
Geological Formation and Sources of March Birthstones
Aquamarine
Aquamarine is a member of the beryl family, a group of minerals that also includes emerald. Beryl forms in igneous rock environments, particularly in granite pegmatites and metamorphic rock. Aquamarine gets its name from the Latin words aqua (water) and marina (sea), referring to its characteristic blue color that resembles the sea.
The gemstone is typically found in Brazil, which is the world's leading producer. Other notable sources include Nigeria, Madagascar, Afghanistan, and Pakistan. The finest aquamarines are often sourced from the pegmatite deposits in the state of Minas Gerais in Brazil.
Aquamarine is known for its clarity and vitreous luster. It has a hardness of 7.5 to 8 on the Mohs scale, making it relatively durable and suitable for use in various types of jewelry, including rings and pendants.
Bloodstone
Bloodstone, also known as heliodor or chrysoprase, is a form of chalcedony—a microcrystalline variety of quartz. It is composed primarily of silicon dioxide (SiO₂) and is characterized by its deep green color with red flecks. The red flecks are typically iron oxide, which gives the stone its name, as it resembles blood on a green surface.
Bloodstone is found in several parts of the world, including India, Brazil, Australia, and the United States. It is often mined in sedimentary and metamorphic rock formations. The finest quality bloodstone is typically found in India, particularly in the state of Rajasthan.
Bloodstone has a hardness of 6.5 to 7 on the Mohs scale, which means it is slightly less durable than aquamarine. As a result, it is often cut as a cabochon rather than a faceted gemstone, which helps to protect its surface from scratches and damage.
Gemological Properties of March Birthstones
Aquamarine
Aquamarine is prized for its clarity, color, and durability. Its most distinguishing feature is its blue color, which ranges from a pale, almost colorless blue to a deep, rich blue. The most valuable specimens are those with a medium to deep blue color and high clarity.
- Chemical Composition: Beryl (Be₃Al₂(SiO₃)₆) with trace amounts of iron.
- Hardness: 7.5 to 8 on the Mohs scale.
- Refractive Index: 1.56 to 1.60.
- Specific Gravity: 2.66 to 2.80.
- Transparency: Transparent to translucent.
- Luster: Vitreous (glassy).
- Cleavage: Basal, but rarely seen in gem-quality material.
Aquamarine is often heat-treated to enhance its color, although untreated stones are also available and highly valued by collectors.
Bloodstone
Bloodstone is a cryptocrystalline quartz, meaning it has a fine-grained structure that is not visible to the naked eye. Its deep green color is due to the presence of microscopic inclusions of chlorite or other minerals, while the red flecks are caused by iron oxide.
- Chemical Composition: Silicon dioxide (SiO₂) with inclusions of iron oxide.
- Hardness: 6.5 to 7 on the Mohs scale.
- Refractive Index: 1.53 to 1.54.
- Specific Gravity: 2.58 to 2.64.
- Transparency: Translucent to opaque.
- Luster: Waxy to dull.
- Cleavage: None.
Bloodstone is often cut as a cabochon to enhance its color and to protect its surface from damage. It is not commonly faceted due to its inclusions and the desire to showcase the red flecks.
Symbolism and Metaphysical Beliefs
Aquamarine
Aquamarine has long been associated with the sea and has been used as a talisman for sailors and travelers. In ancient times, it was believed to protect against drowning and to bring calm seas. The gemstone is also associated with courage, honesty, and loyalty—qualities that are particularly valued in March, a month of transition and new beginnings.
In the realm of metaphysical beliefs, aquamarine is considered a stone of serenity and communication. It is believed to enhance clarity of thought, reduce stress, and promote inner peace. It is also said to be beneficial for those who work in communication-related professions, such as writers, speakers, and teachers.
Bloodstone
Bloodstone is known for its symbolism of vitality, strength, and courage. It has been used in ancient medicine as a stone that could help stop bleeding and was believed to have healing properties for the blood and circulatory system. In medieval Europe, it was used as a protective stone for warriors and was believed to provide strength and endurance.
In modern metaphysical traditions, bloodstone is associated with grounding, protection, and vitality. It is believed to help remove negative energy and to promote physical and emotional strength. It is also said to be beneficial for those who are undergoing surgery or who have injuries, as it is believed to aid in the healing process.
Care and Cleaning of March Birthstones
Aquamarine
Aquamarine is a relatively durable gemstone, with a hardness of 7.5 to 8 on the Mohs scale. However, it is still important to care for it properly to maintain its beauty and longevity.
- Cleaning: Aquamarine can be cleaned with warm, soapy water and a soft brush. It can also be cleaned with steam or ultrasonic cleaners, as it is generally stable under these conditions.
- Storage: Aquamarine should be stored separately from harder gemstones to avoid scratches. It should also be kept away from harsh chemicals, as it can be affected by prolonged exposure to acids or alkalis.
- Handling: Avoid knocking or dropping aquamarine, as it can have cleavage planes that may be damaged under impact.
Aquamarine is a versatile gemstone that is suitable for a wide range of jewelry types, including rings, pendants, and earrings.
Bloodstone
Bloodstone is slightly less durable than aquamarine, with a hardness of 6.5 to 7 on the Mohs scale. It is also opaque, which makes it more difficult to clean than transparent gemstones.
- Cleaning: Bloodstone should be cleaned with warm, soapy water and a soft cloth. It should not be cleaned with steam or ultrasonic cleaners, as it can be damaged by these methods.
- Storage: Bloodstone should be stored in a soft cloth or pouch to protect its surface from scratches and abrasions.
- Handling: Bloodstone should be handled with care, as it can be sensitive to knocks and impacts. It is best suited for use in pendants, earrings, and cabochon rings rather than in rings with hard wear.
Bloodstone is best appreciated in a simple, elegant setting that allows its natural beauty to shine through.
Conclusion
March is a month of transformation, and its birthstones—aquamarine and bloodstone—reflect this theme of change and renewal. These two gemstones, though distinct in appearance and properties, share a common symbolism of strength, vitality, and clarity. Aquamarine, with its serene blue color, represents the calm of the sea and the peace of mind, while bloodstone, with its deep green and red flecks, embodies the energy of life and the courage to face challenges.
Both stones have a rich history and a strong presence in the world of gemology and jewelry. They are valued not only for their beauty but also for their historical and symbolic significance. Whether you are drawn to the cool, tranquil tones of aquamarine or the earthy, powerful presence of bloodstone, these gemstones offer a meaningful way to celebrate the month of March and its themes of new beginnings.
As the birthstones for March, aquamarine and bloodstone continue to inspire and captivate, serving as reminders of the strength and resilience that come with the changing of the seasons.