For those born on July 28th, the ruby stands as a symbol of passion, protection, and power. As the official birthstone for July and particularly for July 28th, the ruby is not only one of the most coveted gemstones in the world but also a gem with a rich history that spans cultures and centuries. Known for its deep red hue—often described as "pigeon’s blood" in the trade—the ruby is a gemstone of both scientific intrigue and profound cultural significance.
This article explores the ruby in depth, examining its geological origins, historical use, gemological properties, and the meanings and beliefs attributed to it. Whether you are a gemstone enthusiast, a jewelry buyer, or a student of gemology, this guide will provide a comprehensive understanding of the ruby and its enduring appeal.
A Gem of Passion and Power
The ruby is more than just a gemstone; it is a symbol of life, vitality, and emotional depth. Its rich red color has long been associated with blood, fire, and the heart, making it a natural emblem of love and courage. The name "ruby" comes from the Latin word ruber, meaning "red," a clear nod to its defining feature. Throughout history, rubies have been revered by royalty and the elite, often considered treasures of kings and emperors.
In ancient India, the ruby was known as the “king of precious stones,” valued for its rarity, hardness (second only to diamond), and beauty. It was also believed to possess mystical powers, including the ability to predict misfortune or danger and to cure inflammatory diseases. Burmese warriors, in particular, carried rubies into battle, believing them to make them invincible.
As the birthstone for July, the ruby is thought to bring good fortune, passionate love, and protection to those born in this month. For July 28th, the ruby is not only a birthstone but a personal talisman, embodying the wearer’s energy and vitality. Its deep red color is often linked to the heart, symbolizing both physical and emotional strength.
Geological Formation and Sources
The ruby is a variety of the mineral corundum, which is composed of aluminum oxide (Al₂O₃). What distinguishes ruby from other corundum varieties is the presence of trace amounts of the element chromium, which gives the gemstone its characteristic red color. The more chromium present in the crystal structure, the stronger the red hue. The finest rubies exhibit a deep red with a hint of purple, a color known in the trade as “pigeon’s blood.”
Corundum, in general, is one of the hardest minerals on Earth, ranking 9 on the Mohs Hardness Scale, second only to diamond. This exceptional durability makes the ruby ideal for jewelry that can withstand daily wear. The gemstone is typically found in metamorphic rocks such as limestone and in gem gravels. The color of a ruby can also provide clues to its geographic origin, with secondary shades of pink, orange, and violet sometimes indicating the location where the stone was mined.
The most well-known and highly valued ruby deposits are found in Myanmar (formerly Burma). Burmese rubies are renowned for their exceptional color and glowing fluorescence, often described as having a “bloom” that enhances their beauty. Other notable sources of ruby include Thailand, Sri Lanka, Afghanistan, and parts of Africa such as Tanzania and Madagascar. Each of these regions produces rubies with distinct characteristics, influenced by the geological conditions in which they formed.
Gemological Properties of the Ruby
Understanding the gemological properties of the ruby is essential for both collectors and jewelry buyers. The ruby’s scientific classification, physical characteristics, and optical properties all contribute to its desirability and value.
Chemical Composition and Hardness
As mentioned, the ruby is a variety of corundum, with the chemical formula Al₂O₃. The red coloration comes from the presence of chromium (Cr³⁺) in the crystal lattice. The amount and distribution of chromium determine the intensity of the red color. The ruby’s hardness of 9 on the Mohs scale means that it is highly resistant to scratches and abrasions, making it suitable for use in rings, bracelets, and other jewelry that is worn daily.
Color and Clarity
The most prized ruby color is a deep red with a slight purplish hue, often referred to as “pigeon’s blood.” This term is primarily used in the context of Burmese rubies and denotes a specific shade that is both visually striking and rare. Rubies can also appear in shades of pink, orange, and violet depending on the presence of other trace elements and the light in which they are viewed.
Clarity in rubies is generally assessed based on the presence of inclusions—internal flaws that are often visible under magnification. Unlike diamonds, where clarity is highly prized, inclusions in rubies are often accepted and even considered a mark of authenticity. Many fine rubies contain characteristic inclusions that are unique to their origin, acting as a kind of fingerprint for the gemstone.
Optical Properties and Luster
Rubies are known for their vitreous (glassy) luster, which gives them a bright, lively appearance. They also exhibit a strong refractive index, meaning they bend light in a way that enhances their brilliance. The most valuable rubies are those that are well-cut, allowing the light to enter and reflect within the stone, creating a dazzling effect.
The ruby can also exhibit fluorescence under ultraviolet light, particularly in Burmese stones, which may glow with a red or orange hue. This fluorescence enhances the gemstone’s color and overall appearance, making it more vivid and attractive.
Historical Significance and Cultural Lore
The ruby has a long and storied history, with mentions in ancient texts and artifacts from various cultures. Its association with power, vitality, and protection has made it a gemstone of great importance across different civilizations.
Ancient Civilizations
In ancient India, the ruby was considered the “king of precious stones” and was often set in royal jewelry and amulets. It was believed to bring success in battle and to protect the wearer from harm. Indian texts from as early as the 6th century BC describe the ruby as a symbol of the life force and the heart. The gemstone was also used in religious and spiritual contexts, often worn as a talisman to invoke divine favor.
In medieval Europe, rubies were highly sought after by the nobility. They were often incorporated into royal regalia, such as crowns and scepters, and were seen as symbols of power and divinity. The ruby was also associated with the blood of Christ and was used in religious jewelry and artifacts. During this period, rubies were believed to have healing properties and were used in the treatment of ailments such as heart conditions and fevers.
Asian Traditions
In Burmese culture, rubies were considered sacred and were believed to bring good luck and protect the wearer from danger. Burmese warriors would carry rubies into battle, believing they would make them invincible. The gemstone was also used in traditional medicine, with some believing it could cure inflammation and soothe anger.
In Chinese culture, the ruby was associated with good fortune and was often used in jewelry and decorative objects. It was also believed to have protective qualities, warding off evil spirits and bringing prosperity to the household. Chinese emperors often wore rubies in their crowns and jewelry, symbolizing their connection to the heavens and their divine right to rule.
European and Modern Traditions
During the Renaissance, rubies became even more popular in Europe, especially among the aristocracy. They were often set in elaborate pieces of jewelry and used to signify wealth and status. The ruby was also associated with love and passion, making it a popular gemstone for engagement rings and other romantic gifts.
In the modern era, the ruby continues to be a symbol of passion and love, often used in fine jewelry to celebrate special occasions such as anniversaries and engagements. Its association with the heart and its vibrant red color make it a popular choice for those looking to express deep emotions through gemstones.
Symbolism and Metaphysical Beliefs
Throughout history, the ruby has been attributed with a range of symbolic and metaphysical properties. These beliefs vary across cultures but often center around themes of love, protection, and vitality.
Love and Passion
One of the most enduring associations with the ruby is its symbolism of love and passion. Its deep red color is often linked to the heart, representing both physical and emotional love. In ancient times, rubies were believed to enhance romantic relationships and were used in love charms and amulets. The gemstone was also thought to bring good fortune in love and to strengthen the bond between couples.
Protection and Strength
In addition to its connection with love, the ruby has long been considered a protective stone. It was believed to shield the wearer from harm and to provide strength in times of adversity. In many cultures, rubies were worn as talismans to ward off evil spirits and to bring courage and resilience. Warriors and soldiers were often given rubies to carry into battle, believing they would protect them from injury and death.
Vitality and Energy
The ruby is also associated with vitality and energy. Its vibrant red color is seen as a symbol of life force and inner fire. In many traditions, the ruby was believed to enhance physical energy and to stimulate the circulatory system. It was also thought to improve mental clarity and to boost confidence and motivation.
Healing Properties
Some cultures have attributed healing properties to the ruby, particularly in relation to the heart and blood. It was believed to help with heart conditions, to improve circulation, and to reduce inflammation. In some traditions, the ruby was also used to treat fevers and other ailments, making it a valuable gemstone in traditional medicine.
Modern Metaphysical Beliefs
In modern times, many people still believe in the metaphysical properties of the ruby. It is often used in crystal healing and is believed to promote emotional balance and inner strength. Some practitioners use rubies to enhance courage and to help with decision-making. Others believe that the ruby can help with grounding and connecting to the earth, making it a useful stone for meditation and spiritual practices.
Caring for Your Ruby Jewelry
Given its hardness and durability, the ruby is a relatively easy gemstone to care for. However, like all gemstones, it requires some basic maintenance to keep it looking its best.
Cleaning
Rubies can be cleaned with warm, soapy water and a soft brush. It is important to avoid harsh chemicals, as they can damage the gemstone or the setting. Ultrasonic cleaners can be used for rubies, but it is advisable to check with a professional jeweler first, especially if the ruby has inclusions or is set in a delicate setting.
Storage
When not in use, rubies should be stored in a soft cloth or a jewelry box to prevent scratches. It is best to store them separately from other gemstones, particularly those that are softer, to avoid damage.
Avoiding Damage
While rubies are durable, they can still be damaged under certain conditions. They should be kept away from extreme temperatures, as sudden changes can cause stress and potentially crack the stone. It is also advisable to avoid exposing rubies to high heat, as this can cause discoloration or other damage.
Professional Maintenance
For valuable or antique ruby jewelry, it is recommended to have it inspected and cleaned by a professional jeweler on a regular basis. This can help identify any potential issues and ensure that the gemstone remains in excellent condition.
Conclusion
The ruby is a gemstone of profound beauty, historical significance, and enduring appeal. As the birthstone for July 28th, it symbolizes passion, protection, and power, making it a meaningful and valuable gemstone for those born on this date. From its geological formation in the Earth's crust to its use in ancient royal regalia and modern jewelry, the ruby continues to captivate and inspire.
Its deep red color, exceptional hardness, and unique optical properties make it one of the most prized gemstones in the world. Whether used as a symbol of love, a protective talisman, or a statement of personal style, the ruby is a gemstone that stands the test of time. For those born on July 28th, the ruby is more than just a birthstone—it is a lifelong companion that reflects their energy, vitality, and inner strength.