Peridot, a gemstone celebrated for its distinctive green hue, holds a prominent position as the primary birthstone for August. While August boasts three recognized birthstones – peridot, spinel, and sardonyx – peridot is the most widely acknowledged and historically significant. This article delves into the fascinating world of peridot, exploring its history, geological origins, gemological properties, cultural symbolism, and practical care, offering a comprehensive overview for enthusiasts, buyers, and students of gemology.
History and Lore
Peridot’s history stretches back millennia, with archaeological evidence revealing its use in ancient civilizations. The name “peridot” is believed to originate from the Arabic word “faridat,” meaning “gem,” or potentially from the Greek word “peridona,” signifying “giving in abundance.” This etymology hints at the gemstone’s long-held value and desirability across cultures.
For over 3,500 years, the Egyptians prized peridot, sourcing it primarily from Zabargad Island in the Red Sea. It was often referred to as the “evening emerald” due to its ability to maintain its vibrant color even under artificial light, a characteristic that distinguished it from other green gems. The Romans also valued peridot, and it is speculated that some of the emeralds adorning Roman jewelry were, in fact, peridot.
In more recent history, peridot experienced a resurgence in popularity during the Victorian era. The discovery of significant deposits in Kashmir, Pakistan, in the modern era has yielded exceptional stones renowned for their size and pure lime-green color. Today, peridot continues to be cherished as a symbol of prosperity, good fortune, and growth.
Geological Formation and Sources
Peridot is a unique gemstone in that it forms under specific geological conditions and is often found in volcanic rock. It is a gem variety of the mineral olivine, a silicate composed of iron and magnesium. The color of peridot is directly linked to the iron content within its chemical composition; ferrous iron (FeO) creates the green color, while ferric iron (Fe2O3) contributes to more yellow shades.
Historically, Egypt’s Zabargad Island was the primary source of peridot for over three and a half millennia. However, modern sources include Pakistan, particularly the Kashmir region, which produces stones of exceptional quality. Arizona, specifically the San Carlos Apache Reservation, also yields peridot, though typically in smaller sizes. Additional sources are found in China, Myanmar, and Vietnam.
Remarkably, peridot has even been discovered within meteorites that have fallen to Earth, making it a truly extraterrestrial gemstone. This rare occurrence further adds to its mystique and scientific interest.
Gemological Properties
Peridot possesses a distinct set of gemological properties that contribute to its beauty and desirability. Its color is its most defining characteristic, ranging from yellowish-green to olive to brownish-green, though it is one of the few gemstones that occurs in only one color.
Here’s a summary of key gemological properties:
| Property | Value |
|---|---|
| Chemical Formula | (Mg, Fe)₂SiO₄ |
| Color | Yellowish-green to Olive to Brownish-green |
| Hardness (Mohs) | 6.5 - 7 |
| Luster | Vitreous |
| Crystal System | Orthorhombic |
| Specific Gravity | 3.34 – 3.48 |
With a hardness of 6.5 to 7 on the Mohs scale, peridot is suitable for most jewelry applications, though it requires careful handling to avoid scratches and damage. Its vitreous luster enhances its brilliance, and its consistent color performance under both natural and artificial lighting makes it a versatile gem for various jewelry designs.
Symbolism and Metaphysical Beliefs
Throughout history, peridot has been imbued with various symbolic meanings and metaphysical beliefs. Its resemblance to the color of money has often associated it with prosperity and good fortune. In color psychology, green represents growth, renewal, harmony, and balance – qualities that are readily attributed to peridot.
The stone is believed to reduce stress and irritability, inspire positive thoughts, balance emotions, and connect the wearer with nature. It is also thought to promote confidence and purpose.
In astrological contexts, peridot is considered a Zodiac birthstone for Virgo. Some traditions also link sardonyx to Leo, further diversifying the symbolic associations for those born in August.
Care and Cleaning
Due to its hardness of 6.5-7 on the Mohs scale, peridot requires gentle care to maintain its brilliance. It is susceptible to scratches from harder materials and can be damaged by harsh chemicals or ultrasonic cleaners.
To clean peridot jewelry, it is recommended to use warm, soapy water and a soft brush. Rinse thoroughly and dry with a soft cloth. Avoid exposing peridot to extreme temperatures or prolonged sunlight. It is also advisable to remove peridot jewelry before engaging in strenuous activities or when using harsh cleaning agents. Regular, gentle cleaning will help preserve the gemstone’s vibrant color and luster for years to come.
Conclusion
Peridot stands as a captivating gemstone with a rich history, unique geological origins, and enduring symbolic significance. As the primary birthstone for August, it represents prosperity, growth, and harmony. Its distinctive green hue, coupled with its relatively accessible price point, makes it a popular choice for jewelry enthusiasts and a meaningful gift for those born in August. From ancient Egyptian treasures to modern jewelry designs, peridot continues to enchant and inspire, solidifying its place as a cherished gem for generations to come.