August boasts a unique distinction among birthstones: not one, but three gemstones represent the month – peridot, spinel, and sardonyx. Each stone carries its own history, symbolism, and geological origins, offering a diverse range of choices for those born in August. This article will explore the characteristics, historical significance, and modern appreciation of these three captivating gems.
History and Lore
The association of gemstones with specific months dates back centuries, evolving through cultural traditions and standardization efforts. While the modern birthstone chart is a relatively recent development, formalized by the National Association of Jewelers (now Jewelers of America), the practice of linking gems to birth months has roots in ancient civilizations. Traditional British charts included alternatives like bloodstone for March and rock crystal for April, while the Hindu Ayurvedic system based selections on astrological signs.
Sardonyx holds the longest history as an August birthstone, with use dating back over 4,000 years. Peridot, however, has a fascinating history of misidentification, often being confused with emeralds and topazes. Some historians speculate that Cleopatra’s famed emerald collection may have actually consisted largely of peridot. The Shrine of the Three Holy Kings in Germany’s Cologne Cathedral features 200 carats of gems once believed to be emeralds, now identified as peridot.
Spinel, while a more recent addition to the August birthstone family, was historically mistaken for ruby, particularly in older jewelry. It wasn’t until more recently that spinel gained recognition as a distinct and valuable gemstone in its own right. The American Gem Trade Association added tanzanite as a December birthstone in 1970, and more recently, spinel was added as an official August birthstone, expanding the options available.
Geological Formation and Sources
Each of the August birthstones originates through distinct geological processes. Peridot is formed under extreme conditions, often found in hardened lava carried from deep within the Earth’s mantle, and even in meteorites. This unique origin contributes to its vibrant green color.
Spinel typically forms in metamorphic rocks, often alongside rubies and sapphires. While rarer than ruby, it can be found in locations where these other gemstones occur.
Sardonyx, a variety of chalcedony, is formed through the layering of silica in volcanic or sedimentary environments, creating its distinctive banded appearance. It is commonly found in stream beds, rocky outcrops, and desert areas where chalcedony is prevalent.
For those interested in prospecting, peridot can be found near the San Carlos Reservation in Arizona, though access rules should be verified. Small spinel crystals have been found in the East Coast Appalachian region, specifically in New York and New Jersey. Sardonyx can be found in areas known for banded agates, such as Lake Superior agate fields in Minnesota and Michigan, as well as parts of Oregon and Montana.
Gemological Properties
The three August birthstones differ significantly in their gemological properties.
Peridot: A gem variety of the mineral olivine, peridot typically exhibits a yellowish-green to greenish-yellow hue.
Spinel: This gemstone comes in a wide range of colors, including red, pink, blue, and black. It is known for its brilliance and clarity.
Sardonyx: A banded variety of chalcedony, sardonyx displays layers of reddish-brown and white.
A comparison of hardness, based on the Mohs scale, reveals spinel as the most durable, followed by peridot, and then sardonyx. This impacts their suitability for different types of jewelry.
| Gemstone | Chemical Formula | Hardness (Mohs) | Color(s) |
|---|---|---|---|
| Peridot | (Mg, Fe)₂SiO₄ | 6.5 - 7 | Yellowish-green to greenish-yellow |
| Spinel | MgAl₂O₄ | 8 | Red, pink, blue, black, colorless |
| Sardonyx | SiO₂ | 6.5 - 7 | Banded reddish-brown and white |
Symbolism and Metaphysical Beliefs
Throughout history, each of these gemstones has been attributed with specific meanings and powers. Peridot is associated with friendship, strength, and protection. Sardonyx symbolizes courage, happiness, and clear communication. Spinel, representing revitalization and hope, is believed to offer protection from nightmares and promote positive energy.
The birthstone chart itself serves as a guide for meaningful gift selection, with each gemstone carrying unique significance. Jewelers and designers utilize these charts to create personalized pieces, while enthusiasts appreciate the cultural traditions and historical context associated with each stone.
Care and Cleaning
The durability of each gemstone dictates its care requirements. Spinel, with its higher hardness, is relatively resistant to scratching and can be cleaned with warm, soapy water and a soft brush. Peridot, while still reasonably durable, is more susceptible to damage and should be handled with care. Sardonyx, also with a Mohs hardness of 6.5-7, requires gentle cleaning to avoid damaging its banded structure. Avoid harsh chemicals and ultrasonic cleaners for all three stones.
Choosing the Right August Birthday Gemstone
The choice between peridot, spinel, and sardonyx ultimately depends on personal preference. Peridot offers a vibrant green hue and a connection to ancient history. Spinel provides a range of colors and increasing recognition as a valuable gem. Sardonyx offers an earthy aesthetic and a link to ancient traditions. Considering the individual’s style, preferences, and the desired symbolism can guide the selection process.
Conclusion
The August birthstones – peridot, spinel, and sardonyx – represent a fascinating blend of history, geology, and symbolism. From peridot’s ancient origins and potential misidentification as emerald, to spinel’s recent recognition as a distinct gem, and sardonyx’s long-standing historical use, each stone offers a unique and meaningful choice for those born in August. These gems continue to captivate with their beauty and enduring significance, making them treasured additions to any jewelry collection.