Peridot, a gemstone celebrated for its distinctive green hue, holds a special significance for those born on August 27th. Revered throughout history and originating from fascinating geological sources, this gem has captivated civilizations for centuries. This article explores the characteristics, history, geological origins, and symbolism of peridot, offering a comprehensive overview of this captivating birthstone.
History and Lore
The story of peridot is interwoven with ancient history and often mistaken identity. Throughout history, peridot has frequently been confused with other green gemstones, notably emerald and topaz. The Red Sea island of Topazios, now known as Zabargad, was once believed to be a primary source of topaz, but in reality, yielded significant quantities of peridot. This misidentification led to the gem being referred to as “topaz” for a considerable period.
Some historians speculate that Cleopatra’s famed emerald collection may have actually consisted largely of peridot sourced from Zabargad. The island, though rich in the gem, was notoriously difficult to mine, earning ominous names like the Island of Death and Ophiodes (Snake Island) due to its harsh conditions. Despite these challenges, peridot from Zabargad has been prized for centuries and remains highly sought after, with fine specimens displayed in museums worldwide.
The use of gemstones to represent tribes of Israel, as seen in the breastplate of the high priest Aaron, laid the foundation for the tradition of associating specific gems with particular months. While the modern birthstone list evolved over time, peridot has consistently held its place as the primary August birthstone. The National Association of Jewelers formalized the modern birthstone list in 1912, solidifying peridot’s position. More recently, spinel was added as a modern alternative for August, but peridot remains a traditional and popular choice.
Geological Formation and Sources
Peridot is a gem variety of the mineral olivine, a silicate compound rich in iron and magnesium. Its formation is intrinsically linked to volcanic activity and, remarkably, even extraterrestrial origins. The gem typically forms in volcanic rocks, originating from the Earth’s mantle, a layer deep beneath the crust. Volcanic eruptions bring these rocks to the surface, sometimes carrying peridot crystals within them.
Myanmar (formerly Burma) is another significant source of high-quality peridot, found on the northern slope of Kyaukpon, near the gem city of Mogok. These crystals are often found in crevices and are known for their deep color and exceptional transparency.
The United States also boasts a source of peridot, primarily in Arizona. Massive volcanic eruptions thousands of years ago created lava flows across the San Carlos Apache Indian Reservation, where peridot can be found. Apache families have worked these mines for decades, continuing a tradition of extracting this vibrant gem.
Perhaps most remarkably, peridot has been discovered within pallasite meteorites – a rare type of meteorite composed of nickel-iron and olivine. While thousands of meteorites have impacted Earth, only a select few contain gem-quality peridot, making these extraterrestrial peridots exceptionally rare and valuable.
Gemological Properties
Peridot is unique in that it typically occurs in a single color – green. This green hue can range from yellow-green to olive green, a result of the iron content within the olivine structure. The gem’s color is consistent, unlike some other gemstones that exhibit pleochroism (displaying different colors when viewed from different angles).
While specific gemological data like refractive index and specific gravity are not provided in the sources, it is noted that peridot has a vitreous luster, meaning it appears glassy. The sources do mention a Mohs hardness of 8.5, indicating good durability and resistance to scratching, making it suitable for jewelry.
Symbolism and Metaphysical Beliefs
Throughout history, peridot has been associated with various symbolic meanings. Its volcanic origins have led to its association with renewal and rebirth, making it a powerful stone for those seeking personal growth and transformation. In Vedic and Zodiac astrology, alexandrite (mentioned as a comparison to other birthstones) is linked to duality and balance, and the Tarot to the Lovers card, representing relationships and choices. While the sources do not explicitly detail metaphysical beliefs surrounding peridot itself, its association with volcanic activity and the earth suggests a connection to grounding, protection, and vitality.
The sources also link peridot to specific zodiac signs. It is considered the birthstone for Leo, representing motivation and creativity. For those born under the sign of Virgo, carnelian is the primary gemstone, with peridot listed as an alternative, symbolizing hard work and empathy.
Care and Cleaning
Peridot, with a Mohs hardness of 8.5, is relatively durable, but still requires careful handling and cleaning. The sources recommend appropriate care to maintain its brilliance. While specific cleaning methods are not detailed, it can be inferred that gentle cleaning with warm, soapy water and a soft cloth is suitable. Avoid harsh chemicals, ultrasonic cleaners, and steam cleaners, as these could potentially damage the gem.
Conclusion
Peridot, the vibrant green birthstone for August 27th, is a gem steeped in history, geological wonder, and symbolic meaning. From its ancient origins on the Island of Zabargad and its possible inclusion in Cleopatra’s collection, to its formation in volcanic rocks and even its presence in meteorites, peridot’s journey is as captivating as its color. Its association with renewal, personal growth, and the zodiac signs further enhances its significance. As a durable and beautiful gemstone, peridot continues to be a cherished choice for jewelry and a meaningful symbol for those born under its radiant glow.