Throughout history, gemstones have captivated humanity with their beauty and perceived powers. The tradition of associating specific stones with each month of the year, known as birthstones, adds another layer of significance, imbuing these gems with personal meaning and symbolic weight. For those born in December, the choices are particularly diverse, encompassing not one, but three distinct stones: Tanzanite, Turquoise, and Zircon. Each possesses unique characteristics, a fascinating history, and a range of attributed benefits, making December birthstones particularly intriguing.
The practice of assigning gemstones to specific months has evolved over time. While the modern list is relatively standardized, originating with the 1912 adoption by the National Association of Jewelers and subsequent updates, the association of stones with birth months dates back centuries, varying across cultures and regions. The selection of these stones wasn’t arbitrary; it often stemmed from ancient beliefs, astrological associations, and the perceived healing properties of each gem.
A History of December’s Stones
The concept of birthstones, as a whole, is rooted in ancient traditions. However, the specific assignment of Tanzanite, Turquoise, and Zircon to December is a more recent development. Turquoise has the longest history of use, being valued for millennia by various cultures. Zircon, while an ancient stone itself, gained prominence as a December birthstone more gradually. Tanzanite is the newest addition, only officially recognized in 2002 by the American Gem Trade Association, reflecting its relatively recent discovery.
Tanzanite: A Modern Marvel
Tanzanite is a relatively recent discovery, first identified in the Merelani Hills of Tanzania in 1967. This vibrant blue-violet mineral is a variety of the mineral zoisite. Its high vibration energy makes it an ideal crystal for those seeking a better connection with the higher realms. It is associated with the third eye and crown chakras, promoting spiritual awareness and intuition.
Turquoise: A Stone of Protection and Tranquility
Turquoise, a stone steeped in history and lore, has been cherished for thousands of years. Its name derives from the French phrase pierre turquoise, meaning "Turkish stone," as the material was often imported to Europe through Turkey. This opaque, blue-to-green mineral has been used for adornment and spiritual purposes by cultures across the globe, including ancient Egyptians, Persians, and Native American tribes. Turquoise is believed to be a purification stone, dispelling negative energy and offering protection. It is aligned with the crown, third eye, and throat chakras, promoting communication, self-expression, and inner peace. A vibrant, genuine Arizona Turquoise pendant is believed to relieve stress.
Zircon: An Ancient Gem with Powerful Energies
Zircon is often underrated due to its frequent confusion with synthetic cubic zirconia. However, it is a true gemstone, among the oldest on Earth. It occurs in a variety of colors, though blue is the most popular variety associated with December. Zircon is believed to balance an individual’s virtuous aspects by bringing down cosmic energies through the crown chakra into the other chakras. It is a stone that promotes wisdom, honor, and prosperity.
Gemological Properties
Each of December’s birthstones possesses distinct gemological properties.
Tanzanite: A calcium aluminum silicate hydroxide with a hardness of 6.5 to 7 on the Mohs scale. Its pleochroism – displaying different colors when viewed from different angles – is a notable characteristic.
Turquoise: A hydrated copper aluminum phosphate with a hardness of 5 to 6 on the Mohs scale. Its color ranges from sky blue to greenish-blue, often with matrix (veins of other minerals) present.
Zircon: A zirconium silicate with a hardness of 6.5 to 7.5 on the Mohs scale. Its refractive index is relatively high, contributing to its brilliance. It comes in a variety of colors, including blue, brown, red, and green.
| Property | Tanzanite | Turquoise | Zircon |
|---|---|---|---|
| Chemical Formula | Ca₂Al₃(SiO₄)₃(OH) | CuAl₆(PO₄)₄(OH)₈·4H₂O | ZrSiO₄ |
| Hardness (Mohs) | 6.5 - 7 | 5 - 6 | 6.5 - 7.5 |
| Color | Blue-Violet | Blue-Green | Various (Blue most common for December) |
| Luster | Vitreous | Waxy to Vitreous | Adamantine |
Symbolism and Metaphysical Beliefs
The symbolism associated with each December birthstone reflects its unique properties and historical usage. Tanzanite, with its connection to the higher realms, symbolizes spiritual growth and transformation. Turquoise, a stone of protection and tranquility, represents wisdom, nobility, and good fortune. Zircon, with its grounding energy, promotes prosperity, honor, and balance.
Throughout history, these stones have been attributed with various healing properties. Amethyst was believed to prevent intoxication, while aquamarine was thought to calm turbulent seas and protect sailors. These beliefs, while not scientifically proven, highlight the enduring human desire to find meaning and power in the natural world.
Care and Cleaning
Proper care is essential to maintain the beauty and brilliance of December’s birthstones. Tanzanite is relatively delicate and should be protected from harsh chemicals and extreme temperatures. Turquoise is porous and can be damaged by oils and detergents; it should be cleaned with a soft cloth and mild soap. Zircon is relatively durable but can be scratched by harder materials; it should be cleaned with warm, soapy water and a soft brush.
Conclusion
The December birthstones – Tanzanite, Turquoise, and Zircon – represent a fascinating blend of ancient tradition and modern discovery. Each stone offers a unique aesthetic appeal, a rich history, and a range of symbolic meanings. Whether chosen for their beauty, their perceived healing properties, or their personal significance, these gems continue to captivate and inspire. They serve as a reminder of the enduring power of gemstones to connect us to the earth, to history, and to ourselves.