Tanzanite is a relatively recent addition to the world of gemstones, yet it has quickly become one of December’s most prized birthstones. Distinguished by its captivating blue-violet hues, this gemstone is notable for its rarity, geological uniqueness, and the beliefs surrounding its metaphysical properties. This article will explore the history, geological origins, gemological characteristics, and symbolism of tanzanite, drawing exclusively from available sources.
History and Origin
Tanzanite was first discovered in the Mererani Hills of northern Tanzania in the 1960s. Its name is directly linked to its country of origin, a practice becoming increasingly common in gem identification. Prior to its discovery, the gemstone was largely unknown, and its presence on the birthstone list is a modern development. While traditional birthstone lists have long histories, the standardization of these lists occurred in 1912 by the National Association of Jewelers (now Jewelers of America), paving the way for the inclusion of gems like tanzanite.
The gemstone is one of December’s birthstones, alongside zircon and turquoise, offering a range of options for those born in the final month of the year. Its relatively recent discovery means it lacks the extensive historical lore associated with older birthstones, but it has quickly gained popularity for its beauty and perceived spiritual qualities.
Geological Formation and Sources
Tanzanite is a variety of the mineral zoisite. Its distinctive blue-violet color is a result of its unique geological formation and chemical composition. The gemstone forms deep within the Earth’s crust under intense pressure and heat. Crucially, tanzanite is found in only one location worldwide: the Mererani Hills of northern Tanzania. This limited geographical source contributes significantly to its rarity and value.
The concentration of the gemstone within a small area makes it a geographically unique find. The geological conditions necessary for its formation are exceptionally specific, further reinforcing its exclusivity. The limited supply and high demand have established tanzanite as one of the world’s most precious gemstones.
Gemological Properties
Tanzanite ranks between 6 and 7 on the Mohs scale of hardness. This places it within a range suitable for jewelry, though it requires careful handling to avoid scratches and damage. The gemstone’s color ranges from pale lavender to deep purple, with the most desirable stones exhibiting a strong, vivid blue-violet hue.
The color intensity is a key factor in determining a tanzanite’s value. The gemstone is pleochroic, meaning it can display different colors when viewed from different angles. This characteristic contributes to its captivating appearance and adds to its allure. Tanzanite is a popular choice for engagement rings and other special occasion jewelry, despite its moderate hardness, due to its striking color and relative rarity.
Symbolism and Metaphysical Beliefs
Tanzanite is believed to promote wisdom, insight, and spiritual enlightenment. While its history is shorter than many traditional birthstones, it has quickly accumulated a range of metaphysical associations. The gemstone is thought to enhance intuition and facilitate communication with the spiritual realm.
Some believe that tanzanite can transform negative energy into positive vibrations, promoting a sense of calm and well-being. It is also associated with creativity and self-expression, encouraging individuals to embrace their unique talents and passions. These beliefs, while not scientifically proven, contribute to the gemstone’s appeal and its significance as a birthstone.
Care and Cleaning
Due to its hardness of 6-7 on the Mohs scale, tanzanite requires careful handling and cleaning. Avoid exposing the gemstone to harsh chemicals, ultrasonic cleaners, or extreme temperatures. Cleaning can be performed with warm, soapy water and a soft brush. It is advisable to remove tanzanite jewelry before engaging in strenuous activities to prevent scratches or damage. Regular professional cleaning and inspection are recommended to maintain the gemstone’s brilliance and integrity.
Other August Birthstones
While tanzanite is a prominent December birthstone, it shares this designation with zircon and turquoise. Zircon, another gemstone, is associated with prosperity and wisdom. Turquoise, known for its vibrant blue-green color, symbolizes protection and good fortune. The availability of multiple birthstones for each month allows individuals to choose a gem that resonates with their personal preferences and beliefs.
Comparison to Other Gemstones
Compared to other precious gemstones like sapphire (hardness 9) and emerald (hardness 7.5-8), tanzanite is relatively softer. This means it is more susceptible to scratches and requires more careful handling. However, its unique color and rarity distinguish it from these more common gemstones. While sapphire is renowned for its durability and classic blue hue, tanzanite offers a more nuanced and captivating color palette. Emerald, with its vibrant green color, represents a different aesthetic altogether.
Market Value and Availability
The limited supply of tanzanite, sourced exclusively from the Mererani Hills in Tanzania, significantly impacts its market value. The gemstone is considered one of the world’s most rare and precious, commanding a high price per carat. The value of tanzanite is influenced by factors such as color, clarity, cut, and carat weight. Stones with a deep, vivid blue-violet hue and excellent clarity are the most valuable.
Conclusion
Tanzanite, a relatively recent discovery, has quickly established itself as a significant and highly sought-after gemstone. Its unique geological origins, captivating color, and perceived metaphysical properties contribute to its enduring appeal. As a December birthstone, it offers a distinctive and meaningful choice for those born in the final month of the year. Its rarity and beauty ensure that tanzanite will continue to be treasured for generations to come.