Spinel, a gemstone often overshadowed by its more famous counterparts, possesses a rich history, captivating colors, and remarkable durability. Recently recognized as a significant August birthstone, alongside peridot and sardonyx, spinel has long been mistaken for other gems, including ruby and sapphire. This article delves into the fascinating world of spinel, exploring its history, geological origins, gemological properties, symbolism, and care, drawing solely from available sources.
History and Lore
The story of spinel is intertwined with historical misidentification. For centuries, particularly before the 18th century, many spinels were believed to be rubies or sapphires. One notable example is the “Black Prince’s Ruby,” a large red spinel that has been part of the British Imperial State Crown since its acquisition by Edward, Prince of Wales, as payment for a military victory. Sources indicate this stone was previously owned by Moorish and Spanish kings, all under the assumption it was a ruby. It wasn’t until the 18th century that spinel was chemically distinguished from ruby and officially recognized as a distinct mineral species.
Beyond the “Black Prince’s Ruby,” other significant spinels have graced royal collections. The Samarian Spinel, the largest known fine red spinel, is a part of the Iranian Crown Jewels, while another spinel is found within the Russian Imperial Crown. These historical instances demonstrate the gem’s long-standing appeal to those in positions of power and prestige.
Ancient beliefs also surround spinel. Lodestone, a magnetic variety of spinel, was reportedly used by Cleopatra, who believed sleeping on it would maintain a youthful appearance. During the Renaissance, spinel was favored by public speakers and orators, who believed it enhanced eloquence. It was also thought to aid in attracting a spouse and fostering marital happiness.
Geological Formation and Sources
Spinel forms in metamorphic rocks, particularly those associated with marble and schist, and also in alluvial deposits. Its formation is often linked to the presence of aluminum-rich environments. Several locations around the world are known for producing spinel, each yielding stones with unique characteristics.
Myanmar (Burma) is renowned for its vibrant red and hot pink spinels. Sri Lanka is a significant source of blue, pink, and purple spinels, found particularly in the rolling hills of the Central Highlands and river gravels of the Ratnapura District. Northern Vietnam, specifically the Luc Yen region, produces spinel in a wide range of colors, including deep red, purple, pink, vivid blue, violet, and violet-blue.
More recently, in 2007, pinkish and orangy-red spinel deposits were discovered in Tanzania, adding to the gem’s global availability. Other sources include Tajikistan, Pakistan, and Tanzania.
Gemological Properties
Spinel boasts a hardness of 8 on the Mohs scale, making it a durable gemstone suitable for everyday wear, including in rings. This hardness indicates a good resistance to scratching. Spinel exhibits a variety of colors, including intense red, vivid pink, orange, purple, violet, blue, and bluish-green.
While specific chemical formulas and refractive indices are not provided in the sources, the gem’s magnetic properties are noteworthy. Lodestone, a variety of spinel, is highly magnetic and historically used for magnetizing compass needles. Spinel is stable when exposed to light and chemicals, though high heat can cause some colors to fade. Ultrasonic and steam cleaners can generally be used for cleaning, but caution is advised if the stone contains fractures. Warm soapy water is always a safe alternative.
Symbolism and Metaphysical Beliefs
The symbolism associated with spinel varies depending on its color. Vivid red spinel is believed to encourage harmony and symbolize vitality. Red spinel has also been traditionally used as a remedy for blood loss and inflammatory diseases. While the sources do not detail extensive metaphysical beliefs beyond these associations, the gem’s historical use as a talisman suggests a broader belief in its protective and beneficial properties.
Care and Cleaning
Due to its hardness of 8 on the Mohs scale, spinel is a relatively durable gemstone. It can be cleaned using ultrasonic and steam cleaners, although caution should be exercised if the stone has fractures. A safe and effective cleaning method is warm soapy water. Spinel is stable when exposed to light and chemicals, but prolonged exposure to high heat may cause some colors to fade.
Birthstone Status and Popularity
Spinel is a relatively recent addition to the list of August birthstones, alongside peridot and sardonyx. The modern association of specific gemstones with each month arose between the 16th and 18th centuries, with the National Association of Jewelers releasing a list of “modern birthstones” in 1912. While peridot is the most common August birthstone across 38 states, spinel is gaining recognition as a beautiful and durable alternative.
Data analysis reveals that amethyst is the rarest birthstone in 47 states, while diamond is the rarest in Arizona, Louisiana, and Mississippi. However, popularity, as measured by Google search interest, doesn’t always align with commonality.
Conclusion
Spinel, a gemstone with a captivating history of misidentification and a growing modern recognition, offers a unique blend of beauty, durability, and symbolism. From adorning royal crowns to being valued for its perceived healing properties, spinel has held a place of significance for centuries. Its diverse range of colors, coupled with its relative hardness, makes it a desirable gemstone for jewelry and a fitting choice for those born in August. As awareness of spinel’s distinct qualities increases, it is poised to become an increasingly popular and appreciated gem in the world of gemstones.